• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2017

Antioxidant activities of 80% methanol, water, and 70% ethanol extracts of Lentinula edodes GNA01 were compared and estimated. The yield of Lentinula edodes GNA01 was identified to be in the following order: water>70% ethanol>80% methanol, but there was no significant difference between 80% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were found in water extract, and TPC of 80% methanol extract was higher than that of 70% ethanol extract and TFC of 70% ethanol extract was higher than that of 80% methanol extract. Water extract exhibited the strongest DPPH, ABTS radicals, and nitrite scavenging activities, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating ability, and FRAP among the three extracts. In addition, antioxidant activity of 80% methanol extract was higher than that of 70% ethanol extract in most of the experiments. As a result, antioxidant activity of Lentinula edodes GNA01 showed a difference according to extraction solvent and concentration; nevertheless, water extract exhibiting high polarity had the strongest antioxidant effect. Consequently, water extract from Lentinula edodes GNA01 is anticipated to be useful for the development of a high value-added functional product.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.153-160
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• 1981

The investigation aimed to study the effect of ginseng on the hepatic glutathion S-transferase activity. The ginseng methanol extract was administered to rats and mice for 10 days and their hepatic gluthatione S-transferase activities were measured by the method of Habig et al. Glutathione S-transferase activities in the rat treated with 100 and 500mg/kg ginseng methanol extract were increased by 13.4% and 17.10%, respectively and their increases were statistically significant. Similar results were also found in the mouse treated with ginseng 100mg/kg methanol extract. To investigate components of the extract which induce the enzyme, the methanol extract was fractionated into ether and butanol fraction and their effect on the enzyme was compared. Glutathione S-transferase activities in the rat treated with ether fraction were increased by 13.1%, similar to that obtained with ginseng methanol extract, whereas, butanol fraction did not show any increase in the enzyme activities. In the rats treated with maltol, one of the components in ether fraction, 5mg/kg for 10 days, activity of glutathione S-transferase was increased by 7.89%, but its increase was not significantly different from control group. Therefore, it may be concluded that ginseng methanol extract and its ether soluble fraction had effect on the elevation of glutathione S-transferase activities, whereas, butanol fraction of ginseng methanol extract had no effect on the enzyme.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.379-384
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• 2007

Two medicinal plant of Sundarbans mangrove forest has been tested for the evaluation of growth inhibitory and antibacterial activity. The methanol extract of Xylocarpus granatum stem bark showed potent wheat rootlet ($IC_{50}=0.01{\mu}g/ml$) and shoot ($IC_{50}=0.23{\mu}g/ml$) growth inhibitory activity in a concentration related manner. The growth inhibitory activity was markedly decreased in residual methanol extract. The methanol extract showed antibacterial activity (MIC > 3 mg/ml) against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureous and Proteus vulgaris. The residual methanol extract did not show any antibacterial activity. The results suggest the bioactive principle(s) of Xylocarpus granatum may be relatively non polar compound(s). The methanol extract and residual methanol extract of Sarcolobus globosus stem showed poor wheat rootlet and shoot growth inhibitory activity and no antibacterial activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1164-1170
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• 2001

Antimutagenic and antimicrobial effects of cucumber extracts were investigated. Antimutagenic effects of cucumber extract against aflatoxin (AFB$_1$) as indirect mutagen and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrcsoguanidine (MNNG) as direct mutagen using the Ames assay system with Salmonella typhimurium TA100 were studied. 1.25~5.0% of methanol extract exhibited 11 ~ 17% of antimutagenity against AFB$_1$ and 46~85% of antimutagenity against MNNG. Among fractions of methanol extract, hexane fraction exhibited the highest antimutagenic effect against AFB$_1$ (89%) and butanol fraction exhibited the highest antimutagenic effect against MNNG (95%). Antimicrobial effects of cucumber extract were investigated on the eleven microorganisms. Methanol extract showed anitimicrobial effect on eight microorganisms. Among these tested microorganisms, Klebsiella pnemonia KCTC 2208, pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 2004 were the most sensitively inhibited with 13 mm clear zone on holo test. Hexane fraction showed anitimicrobial effect only on Vibrio parahaemolyticus KCTC 2471. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed a weak effect. V. parahaemolyticus showed the lowest minium inhibitory concentration (MIC) (500 ppm) among eleven tested microorganisms by methanol extract. Sterilization effect of 1% methanol extract on P. aeruginosa incubation is 10 times stronger than 0.5% methanol extract. It estimated to need 26 min for the sterilization of 90% P. aeruginosa cell counts by 1% methanol extract but 250 min by 0.5% methanol extract.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 1998

The antioxidant and synergistic effect of methanol extracts of onion skin were investigated by measuring peroxide value. The inhibitory effects of the extracts against metal catalyzed oxidation were also studied. The antioxidant activity of methanol extract (0.02%) of onion skin was stronger than that of mixed tocopherol or ascorbic acid (0.02%), but weaker than that of BHT (0.02%). However, the methanol extract at the concentration of 0.04% exhibited strong antioxidant effect, comparable to that of BHT (0.02%). The methanol extract showed very strong synergistic effect with the mixed tocopherol. The methanol extracts at the concentration of 0.03% and 0.04% acted as metal deactivator in the presence of FeC1$_3$. As a metal deactivator, methanol extract of onion skin appeared to be more effective than citric acid.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1995

The protective effect of omija methanol extract on benzo(a)pyrene induce liver injury was studied in rats in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiment, primary cultured hepatocytes(5${\times}$105cells/$m\ell$) were cultured for 20∼24 hours after adding omija methanol extract(5.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) and B(a)P(50$\mu\textrm{m}$) in culture medium. In vivo experiment, omija methanol extract(0.1g/kg/day, per os) was administered for 7days and B(a)P(0.1mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) was given to the rats after the last administration of extract. Omija methanol extract significantly recovered serum enzyme activities(AST, ALT and LDH) and lipid contents(total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol) changed by benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) to normal levels in vivo. In vitro experiment, as a result of 3-(4, 5-dimethlythiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay, omija methanol extract showed a little hepatotoxicity compared with group I (normal) but significantly recovered enzyme activities(AST, ALT and LDH) changed by B(a)P in comparison to group IIadministered B(a)P only. It was suggested that omija methanol extract has a protective effect on liver injury induced by B(a)P.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.326-334
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• 1996

Effects of methanol extract of Astragali Radix (AR) on the immune responses were studied using ICR mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups (10mice/group), and methanol extracts of AR at doses of 0.05, 0.25 and 1.25g/kg were orally administered to ICR mice once a day for 2 weeks. Mice were immunized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The results of this study were summarized as follows; (1) Methanol extract of AR at 0.05, 0.25 and 1.25g/kg didn't affect the weight ratios of thymus to body, as compared with those in controls, but significantly increased spleen weight ratio. (2)Methanol extract of AR at 0.05 and 0.25g/kg significantly increased hemagglutination titer and splenic plaque forming cells corresponding to humoral immunity, as compared with those in controls, but their enhancements were somewhat lowered at a high dose (1.25g/kg). (3) Methanol extract of AR at 0.05 and 0.25g/kg siginificantly increased delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction resulted from cell-mediated immunity, as compared with those in controls, but not so significant increases were observed at a high dose (1.25g/kg). (4) Methanol extract of AR at 0.05 and 0.25g/kg significantly increased phagocytic activity and the number of circulating leukocyte compared with those in controls, but their enhancements were lowered at a high dose (1.25g/kg). These results suggest that methanol extract of Astragali Radix increased humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, phagocytic activity and the number of circulating leukocyte, dependent upon dose, but inhibited their enhancement effects were decreased at a high dose (1.25g/kg).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate whether a methanol extract of chlorella can suppress oxidative stress and nuclear factor kB (NFkB) activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with chlorella methanol extract (25, 50, and 100 $\mu$g/mL) significantly reduced LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner. Treatments with chlorella methanol extract at all concentrations also reduced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances accumulation and enhanced glutathione level at 50 and 100 $\mu$g/mL levels. The specific DNA binding activities of NFkB on nuclear extracts in cells treated with 50 $\mu$g/mL and 100 $\mu$g/mL chlorella methanol extracts were significantly suppressed. These results suggest that chlorella methanol extract has mild antioxidative activity and the ability to suppress intracellular oxidative stress and NFkB activation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.928-935
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• 2000

This study was carried out to examine the antioxidative, antimicrobial and nitrite scavenging effects of various solvent extracts and different solvent fractions from Schizandra chinensis RUPRECHT(Omija) seed. The results were as follows; The antioxidative activities using lard, soybean oil and linoleic acid were the highest in methanol, ethanol and methanol extract from omija seed, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity using DPPH method was the strongest in acetate fraction of methanol extract from seed. The methanol extract from omija seed had the strongest antimicrobial activities to L. plantarum, B. subtilis, E. coli and P. citrinum, while ethyl acetate extract had the strongest against S. aureus and S. typhimurium. The buthanol fraction from methanol extract had the highest antimicrobial activities, followed by B. subtilis, L. plantarum, E. coli, S. aureus and S. typhimurium. The nitrite scavenging ability was pH dependent, highest at pH 1.2 and lowest at pH 6.0. The buthanol fraction of methanol extract from omija seed had more effective nitrite scavenging ability than other fractions of extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.389-394
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the Rubia akane Nakai extract against food-borne pathogens. First, the Rubia akane Nakai was extracted with methanol at room temperature and the fractionation of the methanol extract was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of the Rubia akane Nakai extract was determined by using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The methanol extract of Rubia akane Nakai showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Synergistic antimicrobial effect was observed when Rubia akane Nakai extract was mixed with Viscum album var. coloratum extract as compared to each extract alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curves were determined by using methanol extract of Rubia akane Nakai against Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The methanol extract of Rubia akane Nakai had strong antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the concentration of 4,000 ppm. At this concentration, the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was retarded more than 72 hours and up to 48 hours for Bacillus cereus. From these results, it was concluded that the methanol extract of Rubia akane Nakai inhibited effectively Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.