• Title/Summary/Keyword: meteorology

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Haenam Paddy-field KoFlux (HPK) Site with Dry Direct-Seeding: Introduction (해남 무논점파 논 KoFlux (HPK) 관측지: 소개)

  • Lee, Seung-Hoon;Kang, Minseok;Kang, Namgoo;Kim, Joon
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.18-33
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    • 2018
  • A new eddy covariance-based flux tower has been established since June 2016 in a dry direct-seeding rice paddy field in southwestern Korea - Haenam Paddy field KoFlux site (HPK). To assess the competitiveness of direct-seeding agricultural technique in the context of climate-smart agriculture, we have been monitoring the $CO_2$, $CH_4$ and energy fluxes continuously. In this communication, we (1) introduce the HPK site and (2) explain the structure and processes of the HPK-specific data processing and quality control. The latter consists of 10-steps data processing and quality control procedures following the KoFlux standardized protocol and explained each step in layman's term. The final data produced during the data processing were stored in NCAM-DAPS (National Center for AgroMeteorology-Data Acquisition and Processing System, http://daps.ncam.kr). We hope that the introduction of new HPK KoFlux site would serve as a platform to facilitate transdisciplinary efforts in the research and education associated with climate-smart agriculture toward sustainability.

Accuracy Assessment of Planetary Boundary Layer Height for the WRF Model Using Temporal High Resolution Radio-sonde Observations (시간 고해상도 라디오존데 관측 자료를 이용한 WRF 모델 행성경계층고도 정확도 평가)

  • Kang, Misun;Lim, Yun-Kyu;Cho, Changbum;Kim, Kyu Rang;Park, Jun Sang;Kim, Baek-Jo
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.673-686
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    • 2016
  • Understanding limitation of simulation for Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height in mesoscale meteorological model is important for accurate meteorological variable and diffusion of air pollution. This study examined the accuracy for simulated PBL heights using two different PBL schemes (MYJ, YSU) in Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model during the radiosonde observation period. The simulated PBL height were verified using atmospheric sounding data obtained from radiosonde observations that were conducted during 5 months from August to December 2014 over the Gumi weir in Nakdong river. Four Dimensional Data Assimilation (FDDA) using radiosonde observation data were conducted to reduce error of PBL height in WRF model. The assessment result of PBL height showed that RMSE with YSU scheme were lower than that with MYJ scheme in the day and night time, respectively. Especially, the WRF model with YSU scheme produced lower PBL height than with the MYJ scheme during night time. The YSU scheme showed lower RMSE than the MYJ scheme on sunny, cloudy and rainy day, too. The experiment result of FDDA showed that PBL height error were reduced by FDDA and PBL height at the nudging coefficient of $3.0{\times}10^{-1}$ (YSU_FDDA_2) were similar to observation compared to the nudging coefficient of $3.0{\times}10^{-4}$ (YSU_FDDA_1).

Development and Evaluation of the Forecast Models for Daily Pollen Allergy (알레르기 꽃가루 위험도 예보모델의 개발과 검증)

  • Kim, Kyu Rang;Park, Ki-Jun;Lee, Hye-Rim;Kim, Mijin;Choi, Young-Jean;Oh, Jae-Won
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.265-268
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    • 2012
  • There are increasing number of allergic patients due to the increasing outdoor activities and allergenic pollens by local climate changes. Korea Meteorological Administration provides daily forecasts for pollen allergy warnings on the Internet. The forecast models are composed of pollen concentration models and risk grade levels. The accuracy of the models was determined in terms of risk grade. Pollen concentration models were developed using the observed data during from 2001 to 2006 and accuracy was validated against the data during from 2010 to 2011. The accuracy was different from location to location. The accuracy for most tree species was higher in April than that in May. The accuracy for weed species was higher in October than in September. Our result suggest that the models presented in this study can be used to estimate daily number and risk grade of pollens.

Improvement and Evaluation of Emission Formulas in UM-CMAQ-Pollen Model (UM-CMAQ-Pollen 모델의 참나무 꽃가루 배출량 산정식 개선과 예측성능 평가)

  • Kim, Tae-Hee;Seo, Yun Am;Kim, Kyu Rang;Cho, Changbum;Han, Mae Ja
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2019
  • For the allergy patient who needs to know the situation about the extent of pollen risk, the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences developed a pollen forecasting system based on the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling (CMAQ). In the old system, pollen emission from the oak was estimated just based on the airborne concentration and meteorology factors, resulted in high uncertainty. For improving the quality of current pollen forecasting system, therefore the estimation of pollen emission is now corrected based on the observation of pollen emission at the oak forest to better reflect the real emission pattern. In this study, the performance of the previous (NIMS2014) and current (NIMS2016) model system was compared using observed oak pollen concentration. Daily pollen concentrations and emissions were simulated in pollen season 2016 and accuracy of onset and end of pollen season were evaluated. In the NIMS2014 model, pollen season was longer than actual pollen season; The simulated pollen season started 6 days earlier and finished 13.25 days later than the actual pollen season. The NIMS2016 model, however, the simulated pollen season started only 1.83 days later, and finished 0.25 days later than the actual pollen season, showing the improvement to predict the temporal range of pollen events. Also, the NIMS2016 model shows better performance for the prediction of pollen concentration, while there is a still large uncertainty to capture the maximum pollen concentration at the target site. Continuous efforts to correct these problems will be required in the future.

Implementation Strategy of Global Framework for Climate Service through Global Initiatives in AgroMeteorology for Agriculture and Food Security Sector (선도적 농림기상 국제협력을 통한 농업과 식량안보분야 전지구기후 서비스체계 구축 전략)

  • Lee, Byong-Lyol;Rossi, Federica;Motha, Raymond;Stefanski, Robert
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.109-117
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    • 2013
  • The Global Framework on Climate Services (GFCS) will guide the development of climate services that link science-based climate information and predictions with climate-risk management and adaptation to climate change. GFCS structure is made up of 5 pillars; Observations/Monitoring (OBS), Research/ Modeling/ Prediction (RES), Climate Services Information System (CSIS) and User Interface Platform (UIP) which are all supplemented with Capacity Development (CD). Corresponding to each GFCS pillar, the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) has been proposing "Global Initiatives in AgroMeteorology" (GIAM) in order to facilitate GFCS implementation scheme from the perspective of AgroMeteorology - Global AgroMeteorological Outlook System (GAMOS) for OBS, Global AgroMeteorological Pilot Projects (GAMPP) for RES, Global Federation of AgroMeteorological Society (GFAMS) for UIP/RES, WAMIS next phase for CSIS/UIP, and Global Centers of Research and Excellence in AgroMeteorology (GCREAM) for CD, through which next generation experts will be brought up as virtuous cycle for human resource procurements. The World AgroMeteorological Information Service (WAMIS) is a dedicated web server in which agrometeorological bulletins and advisories from members are placed. CAgM is about to extend its service into a Grid portal to share computer resources, information and human resources with user communities as a part of GFCS. To facilitate ICT resources sharing, a specialized or dedicated Data Center or Production Center (DCPC) of WMO Information System for WAMIS is under implementation by Korea Meteorological Administration. CAgM will provide land surface information to support LDAS (Land Data Assimilation System) of next generation Earth System as an information provider. The International Society for Agricultural Meteorology (INSAM) is an Internet market place for agrometeorologists. In an effort to strengthen INSAM as UIP for research community in AgroMeteorology, it was proposed by CAgM to establish Global Federation of AgroMeteorological Society (GFAMS). CAgM will try to encourage the next generation agrometeorological experts through Global Center of Excellence in Research and Education in AgroMeteorology (GCREAM) including graduate programmes under the framework of GENRI as a governing hub of Global Initiatives in AgroMeteorology (GIAM of CAgM). It would be coordinated under the framework of GENRI as a governing hub for all global initiatives such as GFAMS, GAMPP, GAPON including WAMIS II, primarily targeting on GFCS implementations.

Agrometeorological Observation Environment and Periodic Report of Korea Meteorological Administration: Current Status and Suggestions (기상청의 농업기상 관측환경과 정기보고서: 현황 및 제언)

  • Choi, Sung-Won;Lee, Seung-Jae;Kim, Joon;Lee, Byong-Lyol;Kim, Kyu-Rang;Choi, Byoung-Choel
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.144-155
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    • 2015
  • Since the relocation project of equipment in 2011, the overall circumstances of KMA's agrometeorological observation have been significantly improved. Some concerns, however, emerged as a result of the evaluation of observational circumstances in terms of quality assurance after the field surveys on all stations. In order to improve the situation, we suggest: (1) establishment of clear management responsibilities, (2) enhancement of mutual cooperation system between relevant organizations, (3) detailed records of the changes in the observational circumstances, (4) standardization of equipment and sensors, (5) installation of unified information boards, (6) transfer of inappropriate facilities to an adjacent cropland and (7) setup of automated evaporation pan. In order to effectively utilize the high-quality data obtained through improvement of observational circumstances and an elaborate quality control, it is recommended to publish and disseminate regular reports on agrometeorological observations. To produce such a report on a trial basis, we have investigated different types of regular reports issued by domestic and foreign organizations, publication periods, geographical scope, main contents and amount. Based on our current situation, it would be beneficial to learn from the cases of Germany and Canada, which summarize mainly the distinctive agrometeorological phenomena occurred over the past years across the country.

A Dataset from a Test-bed to Develop Soil Moisture Estimation Technology for Upland Fields (농경지 토양수분 추정 기술 개발을 위한 테스트 베드 데이터 세트)

  • Kang, Minseok;Cho, Sungsik;Kim, Jongho;Sohn, Seung-Won;Choi, Sung-Won;Park, Juhan
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.107-116
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    • 2020
  • In this data paper, we share the dataset obtained during 2019 from the test-bed to develop soil moisture estimation technology for upland fields, which was built in Seosan and Taean, South Korea on May 3. T his dataset includes various eco-hydro-meteorological variables such as soil moisture, evapotranspiration, precipitation, radiation, temperature, humidity, and vegetation indices from the test-bed nearby the Automated Agricultural Observing System (AAOS) in Seosan operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration. T here are three remarkable points of the dataset: (1) It can be utilized to develop and evaluate spatial scaling technology of soil moisture because the areal measurement with wide spatial representativeness using a COSMIC-ray neutron sensor as well as the point measurement using frequency/time domain reflectometry (FDR/TDR) sensors were conducted simultaneously, (2) it can be used to enhance understanding of how soil moisture and crop growth interact with each other because crop growth was also monitored using the Smart Surface Sensing System (4S), and (3) it is possible to evaluate the surface water balance by measuring evapotranspiration using an eddy covariance system.

Case Study of the Heavy Asian Dust Observed in Late February 2015 (2015년 2월 관측된 고농도 황사 사례 연구)

  • Park, Mi Eun;Cho, Jeong Hoon;Kim, Sunyoung;Lee, Sang-Sam;Kim, Jeong Eun;Lee, Hee Choon;Cha, Joo Wan;Ryoo, Sang Boom
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.257-275
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    • 2016
  • Asian dust is a seasonal meteorological phenomenon influencing most East Asia, irregularly occurring during spring. Unusual heavy Asian dust event in winter was observed in Seoul, Korea, with up to $1,044{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ of hourly mean $PM_{10}$, in 22~23 February 2015. Causes of such infrequent event has been studied using both ground based and spaceborne observations, as well as numerical simulations including ECMWF ERA Interim reanalysis, NOAA HYSPLIT backward trajectory analysis, and ADAM2-Haze simulation. Analysis showed that southern Mongolia and northern China, one of the areas for dust origins, had been warm and dry condition, i.e. no snow depth, soil temperature of ${\sim}0^{\circ}C$, and cumulative rainfall of 1 mm in February, along with strong surface winds higher than critical wind speed of $6{\sim}7.5m\;s^{-1}$ during 20~21 February. While Jurihe, China, ($42^{\circ}23^{\prime}56^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$, $112^{\circ}53^{\prime}58^{{\prime}{\prime}}E$) experienced $9,308{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ of hourly mean surface $PM_{10}$ during the period, the Asian dust had affected the Korean Peninsula within 24 hours traveling through strong north-westerly wind at ~2 km altitude. KMA issued Asian dust alert from 1100 KST on 22nd to 2200 KST on 23rd since above $400{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ of hourly mean surface $PM_{10}$. It is also important to note that, previously to arrival of the Asian dust, the Korean Peninsula was affected by anthropogenic air pollutants ($NO_3^-$, $SO_4^{2-}$, and $NH_4^+$) originated from the megacities and large industrial areas in northeast China. In addition, this study suggests using various data sets from modeling and observations as well as improving predictability of the ADAM2-Haze model itself, in order to more accurately predict the occurrence and impacts of the Asian dust over the Korean peninsula.