• 대기
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.237-248
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• 2020

In order to effectively prepare for damage caused by weather events, it is important to proactively identify the possible impacts of weather phenomena on the domestic society and economy. Text mining and Network analysis are used in this paper to build a database of damage types and levels caused by heat wave. We collect news articles about heat wave from the SBS news website and determine the primary and secondary effects of that through network analysis. In addition to that, based on the frequency with which each impact keyword is mentioned, we estimate how much influence each factor has. As a result, the types of impacts caused by heat wave are efficiently derived. Among these types of impacts, we find that people in South Korea are mainly interested in algae and heat-related illness. Since this technique of analysis can be applied not only to news articles but also to social media contents, such as Twitter and Facebook, it is expected to be used as a useful tool for building weather impact databases.

• 대기
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2019

Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM_2.5 were measured with Sunset Laboratory Model-5 Semi-Continuous OC/EC Field Analyzer by NIOSH/TOT method at Anmyeondo Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Regional Station (37°32'N, 127°19'E) in July and August, 2017. The mean values of OC and EC were 3.7 ㎍ m^-3 and 0.7 ㎍ m^-3, respectively. During the study period, the concentrations of reactive gases and aerosol compositions were evidently lower than those of other seasons. It is mostly due to meteorological setting of the northeast Asia, where the influence of continental outflow is at its minimum during this season under southwesterly wind. While the diurnal variation of OC and EC were not clear, the concentrations of O₃, CO, NOx, EC, and OC were evidently enhanced under easterly wind at night from 20:00 to 8:00. However, the high concentration of EC was observed concurrently with CO and NOx under northerly wind during 20:00~24:00. It indicates the influence of thermal power plant and industrial facilities, which was recognized as a major emission source during KORUS-AQ campaign. The diurnal variations of pollutants clearly showed the influence of land-sea breeze, in which OC showed good correlation between EC and O₃ in seabreeze. It is estimated to be the recirculation of pollutants in land-sea breeze cycle. This study suggests that in general, Anmyeondo station serves well as a background monitoring station. However, the variation in meteorological condition is so dynamic that it is primary factor to determine the concentrations of secondary species as well as primary pollutants at Anmyeondo station.

• 대기
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.433-443
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• 2021

The wind speed and wind direction in Yeongdong are one of the crucial meteorological factors for forecasting snowfall in this area. To improve the snowfall forecast in Yeongdong region, Yeongdong Extreme Snowfall-Windstorm Experiment, YES-WEX was designed. We examined the wind field variation simulated with Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS) using observed wind field during YES-WEX period. The simulated wind speed was overestimated over the East Sea and especially 2 to 4 times in the coastal line. The vertical wind in Yeongdong region, which is a crucial factor in the snowfall forecast, was not well simulated at the low level (850 hPa~1000 hPa) until 12 hours before the forecast. The snowfall distribution was also not accurately simulated. Three hours after the snowfall on the East Sea coast was observed, the snowfall was simulated. To improve the forecast accuracy of snowfall in Yeongdong region, it is important to understand the weather conditions using the observed and simulated data. In the future, data in the northern part of the East Sea and the mountain slope of Taebaek observed from the meteorological aircraft, ship, and drone would help in understanding the snowfall phenomenon and improving forecasts.

• 대기
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.403-416
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• 2019

Precipitation samples were collected at the GAW Stations in Anmyeon-do and Gosan for 10 years (2008-2017) to analyze pH, electrical conductivity and NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, Cl^-, and F^- ions. From the analysis, the correlation between pH and rainfall, the composition of precipitation and comparison with other regions, and the results of neutralization characteristics by seasonal and pH were determined. In the comparison of ion balance and conductivity for the validation of analytical data, the correlation coefficients were within the range of 0.996~0.999, implying good linear relationship. The volume-weighted pH of the Anmyeon-do and Gosan areas were 4.7 and 4.9, respectively. The pH of the rainfall was affected by washout and rainout in both areas. The ionic strength of precipitation at Anmyeondo and Gosan were 0.42 ± 0.63 mM and 0.37 ± 0.75 mM, indicating about 27.6% and 35.3% of the total precipitation as per a pure precipitation criterion (10^-4 M), respectively. The composition ratio of ionic species were 44.7% and 57.5% for marine sources (Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-), 40.6% and 22.2% for the secondary inorganic components (NH₄⁺, nss-SO₄^2-, NO₃^-), and 5.6% and 4.0% for the soil source (nss-Ca²⁺), respectively. The neutralization factor of Anmyeon-do and Gosan were 0.43~0.65 and 0.34~0.48, and the neutralization factors of calcium carbonate were 0.15~0.34 and 0.25~0.30, respectively. Thus, both regions have the highest rate of neutralization caused by ammonia. As pH increased in Anmyeon-do and Gosan, change in calcium carbonate became greater than that in ammonia.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.387-396
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• 2018

국내 목조건축문화재는 자연환경에 그대로 노출되어 있어 생물피해와 여러 환경요인에 의해 피해가 가속화되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 보은 법주사와 순천 선암사에 기상인자 모니터링을 위한 자동기상측정장비를 설치하여 기상데이터를 수집하였다. 이들 데이터에 통계 모형을 적용하여 기상인자를 예측하고 기상인자별 예측성능을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 법주사와 선암사 두 곳 모두에서 대기온도와 이슬점온도의 상관계수가 0.95 이상으로 가장 높게 나타났으며 상대습도의 상관계수는 0.65로 낮게 나타났다. 결과적으로 일반선형모형은 대기온도와 이슬점온도를 예측하기에 적합하다는 것을 확인하였다. 기상인자들 사이의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 법주사와 선암사 모두 대기온도와 이슬점온도, 일사량과 증발량 사이에 강한 양의 상관성을 보였으며, 법주사에서는 대기온도와 증발량이 약한 양의 상관성을 나타내었고 선암사에서는 풍속이 대기온도와 상대습도에 대하여 약한 음의 상관성을 나타내었다. 선암사의 풍속은 겨울에 높고 여름에 평균 이하로 낮아지는 패턴을 보이는데, 이것은 대기온도와 상대습도가 높은 여름철에 수분의 증발을 막고 정체시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 판단되며, 결과적으로 이것이 선암사의 목조건축물 피해를 가속화시키는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

양파는 생산량 변동에 따른 가격 변화폭이 커 수급조절 대책이 필요한 대표적인 농산물로 대책의 실효성 증대를 위해서는 정확한 생산량 예측이 요구된다. 양파는 주로 노지에서 재배되기 때문에 기상변화로 인해 생산량의 정확한 추정이 어렵다. 많은 선행연구가 다양하게 시도되었지만 신뢰도 높은 분석결과를 도출하기 위한 양질의 생육 실측자료가 부족한 실정이었다. 선행연구는 기상여건을 통제한 실험설계를 통해 얻어낸 자료를 분석하거나 기상자료와 생육자료 간 지역적 범위가 동일하지 않는 연구가 대다수여서 생육요인과 기상요인 간의 관계를 명확하게 규명하기에는 한계가 있었다. 본 연구는 자연적으로 노출된 환경에서 수집한 생육 실측조사 자료와 함께 실측 대상 지역의 추정 기상자료를 사용하여 생육요인과 기상요인 간 관계를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 양파의 생산량은 구중으로 결정되지만 지상부 생육상황에 따라 구의 생장이 부진할 수 있기 때문에 본 연구에서는 구중뿐만 아니라 지상부 생장과 어떤 기상요인이 중요한지 탐색하였다. 시기별로 생육요인과 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 갖는 기상요인을 탐색한 후, 랜덤 포레스트 기법을 이용하여 요인들의 영향력 및 중요도를 분석하였다. 주목할만한 결과로 3월 초에는 일사량이 지상부 생육에 긍정적인 영향을 주었으며, 3월 말에는 강수량과 지상부 생장 간 음의 상관관계에 있어 가뭄에 의한 피해를 언급한 기존 문헌과 상이하였다. 또한 수확기에는 강수량과 일조시간이 지상부와 지하부 생육에 미치는 영향이 유의하게 반대로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 밝혀낸 생육시기별 중요 기상요인은 양파의 생육모형과 생산량 예측모형 개발 연구를 위한 기초자료로 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.260-267
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• 2016

Background: This study analyzes the differences in the annual averaged atmospheric dispersion factor and ground deposition factor produced using two classification methods of atmospheric stability, which are based on a vertical temperature difference and the standard deviation of horizontal wind direction fluctuation. Materials and Methods: Daedeok and Wolsong nuclear sites were chosen for an assessment, and the meteorological data at 10 m were applied to the evaluation of atmospheric stability. The XOQDOQ software program was used to calculate atmospheric dispersion factors and ground deposition factors. The calculated distances were chosen at 400 m, 800 m, 1,200 m, 1,600 m, 2,400 m, and 3,200 m away from the radioactive material release points. Results and Discussion: All of the atmospheric dispersion factors generated using the atmospheric stability based on the vertical temperature difference were shown to be higher than those from the standard deviation of horizontal wind direction fluctuation. On the other hand, the ground deposition factors were shown to be same regardless of the classification method, as they were based on the graph obtained from empirical data presented in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Regulatory Guide 1.111, which is unrelated to the atmospheric stability for the ground level release. Conclusion: These results are based on the meteorological data collected over the course of one year at the specified sites; however, the classification method of atmospheric stability using the vertical temperature difference is expected to be more conservative.

• 대기
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.69-86
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• 2007

The characteristics of the dual-Doppler wind retrieval method based on a three dimensional variational (3DVAR) conception were investigated from the following four points of view; the sensitivity of the number of iteration, the effect of the weak constraint term, the effect of the smoothness term, and the sensitivity of the error mixing ratio of the radial velocities. In the experiment, the radial velocities relative to the Gosan and Jindo radar sites of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) were calculated from the forecasting of the WRF (Weather Research and Forecast; Skamarock, 2004) model at 1330 UTC 30 June 2006, which is the one and half hour forecast from the initial time, 1200 UTC on that day. The results showed that the retrieval performance of the horizontal wind field was robust, but that of the vertical wind was sensitive to the external conditions, such as iteration number and the on/off of the weak constraint term. The sensitivity of error mixing ratio was so large that even the horizontal wind retrieval efficiency was reduced a lot. But the sensitivity of the smooth term was not so large. When we applied this method to the real mesoscale convective system (MCS) between the Gosan and Jindo radar pair at 1430 UTC 30 June 2006, the wind structure of the convective cells in the MCS was consistently retrieved relative to the reflectivity factor structure. By comparing the vertical wind structure of this case with that of 10 minutes after, 1440 UTC 30 June 2006, we got the physical consistency of our method.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.281-296
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 2004년 기상청 집중관측기간(KEOP)에 수집된 지상관측자료를 사용하여 한반도 남서지방의 지역별(해남 외 7개 지역) 기상인자들의 주기성과 이들이 강수현상에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 기술통계와 스펙트럴분석을 사용하여 주기성을 분석하고, 관측기간 및 지역별 랜덤효과를 반영할 수 있는 일반화 선형모형을 제시하여 강수현상에 미치는 기상인자들의 영향을 분석했다. 분석결과에 의하면 기상인자들과 강수현상은 연관성을 가지며 특정주기에 따라 변동하는 것으로 나타났으며, 기상인자들은 지역에 따라 상이한 패턴으로 강수현상에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2012

세계적으로 기후변화에 의한 온난화 현상과 대기오염증가와 아울러 알레르기 유발성 꽃가루의 증가로 천식, 비염, 결막염 등 알레르기 질환 환자가 급증하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 꽃가루 농도의 변화에 따른 영향을 체계적으로 표준화하기 위하여 한국의 꽃가루 특성을 분석하였다. 관측된 꽃가루는 1998~2010년(단, 2006년은 제외)의 알레르기를 일으키는 소나무, 수목류(소나무 제외), 잡초류를 서울, 부산, 대구, 광주, 강릉, 제주지역을 중심으로 분석하였다. 꽃가루는 지난 12년간 서울을 포함한 대도시 지역에서는 장기적으로 증가하고 있으며, 앞으로도 장기적으로 증가할 것으로 판단된다. 꽃가루 농도와 기상요소는 매우 높은 상관관계가 있으며 특히 기온과 양의 상관관계를 가진다. 지역별로는 꽃가루 농도와 기상요소는 서로 다른 상관관계를 가진다. 꽃가루농도에 영향을 주는 기상요소 중저온누적도와의 관계를 이용하여 꽃가루 개화기간의 예측식을 도출하였다. 분석결과로부터 수목류의 경우, 충분히 낮은 기온이 만족되면, 개화기간이 줄어드는 결론을 얻었다. 이 모형에 의한 결과로부터 알레르기 유발 꽃가루의 유행시기변화를 생물계절모형으로 예측 가능함을 판단할 수 있다.