• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.591-598
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• 2012

Aim and background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of naturally occurring small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or cleavage. The present study was conducted to study miRNAs in Egyptian breast cancer (BC) and their relation to metastasis, tumor invasion and apoptosis in addition to their association with the ER and PR statuses. Methods: Real Time RT-PCR was performed to identify the miRNA expression level of eight miRNAs and eight metastatic-related genes in 40 breast cancer samples and their adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. The expression levels of each miRNA relative to U6 RNA were determined using the $^{2-{\Delta}}CT$ method. Also, miRNA expression profiles of the BC and their corresponding ANT were evaluated. Results: The BC patients showed an up-regulation in miRNAs (mir-155, mir-10, mir-21 and mir-373) with an upregulation in MMP2, MMp9 and VEGF genes. We found down regulation in mir-17p, mir-126, mir-335, mir-30b and also TIMP3, TMP1 and PDCD4 genes in the cancer tissue compared to the adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Mir -10b, mir -21, mir-155 and mir373 and the metastatic genes MMP2, MMP9 and VEGF were significantly associated with an increase in tumor size (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between any of the studied miRNAs regarding lymph node metastasis. Mir-21 was significantly over-expressed in ER-/PR-cases. Conclusion: Specific miRNAs (mir-10, mir-21, mir-155, mir-373, mir-30b, mir-126, mir-17p, mir-335) are associated with tumor metastasis and other clinical characteristics for BC, facilitating identification of individuals who are at risk.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.319-320
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• 2024

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2009

목적: 최근 조기위암에서 내시경하 점막절제술, 점막하층 박리술과 복강경 보조 위 절제술이 시행되고 있으나 적응 범위는 논란의 여지가 있다. 이에 조기위암으로 수술을 받은 환자들을 분석하여 내시경 치료나 축소 수술 등의 치료 방침의 기준을 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1986년부터 2003년까지 조기위암으로 근치절제술을 받은 881명의 환자들을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 전체 환자군에서 예후 인자를 구하고 림프절 전이 및 재발에 영향을 미치는 인자를 알아보았다. 결과: 881명의 환자 중 59명이 사망하였고 21명이 재발되었다. 예후 인자는 단변량 분석상 수술 방법, 종양의 육안적 소견, 정맥관 침습여부와 림프절 병기가, 다변량 분석상 환자의 연령, 수술 방법, 종양의 육안적 소견 및 림프절 병기가 의미 있는 예후 인자였다. 림프절 전이 양성환자는 음성환자에 비해 단변량 분석상, 종양 침윤 깊이, 종양의 크기, 림프절 절제 정도, 림프관 침습여부와 정맥관 침습여부가, 다변량 분석상, 침윤 깊이, 종양 크기, 림프관 침습여부 및 정맥관 침습여부에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 재발에 영향을 미친 인자에 대하여 다변량 분석 결과 종양의 침윤 깊이와 림프절 전이 여부가 영향을 미친 독립적인 인자로 나타났다. 결론: 조기위암에서 축소 치료 계획 시에는 림프절 전이 가능성을 고려하여 종양의 침윤 깊이와 크기 및 림프관, 정맥관 침습 여부를 확인하여야 하며, 림프절 전이 의심시에는, 위 절제술 및 광범위 림프절 곽청술을 고려해야 한다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.180-186
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• 2001

Purpose: The prognosis for early gastric cancer (EGC) is favorable, and the 10-year disease-specific survival rate is reported to be around $90\%$. The absolute number of recurred EGC is too small to assess the risk factors, so recruitment of a large number of cases for statistical analysis is very difficult. We carried out this study to analyze the incidence and the patterns of recurrence of EGC and to identify the clinicopathological risk factors for recurrence of EGC. Materials and Methods: The authors retrospectively investigated the follow-up records of 1418 patients who underwent a curative resection for EGC from Jan. 1984 to Dec. 1999 at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital and analyzed them with special reference to cancer recurrence. Results: In this retrospective study of 1418 cases, 43 patients died of a recurrence of gastric cancer, and 105 patients died of unrelated causes. The five-year and the ten-year overall survival rates were $89.6\%$ and $81.7\%$, respectively, while the five-year and the ten-year diseasespecific survival rates were $96.5\%$ and $94.3\%$, respectively. The recurrence patterns of the 45 recurred EGC were hematogenous metastasis (19 cases), lymph node (L/N) metastasis (8 cases), locoregional recurrence (2 cases), peritoneal seeding (3 cases), and combined form (13 cases). The mean time interval to recurrence was 38.6 months, and the number of delayed recurred cases after 5 years was 10 ($22.2\%$). Of the clinicopathologic factors, depth of invasion, L/N metastasis, macroscopic type, lymphatic invasion, and vessel invasion, were significant risk factors in the univariate analysis. However, in the multivariate analysis, only L/N metastasis was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, L/N metastasis is an independent prognostic factor. Thus, in patients with node-positive disease, adjuvant therapy might be considered, and long-term close follow-up might facilitate early detection and treatment of recurrent disease due to delayed recurrence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2016

Background: Epidemiological evidence indicates that individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) may have a modestly increased risk of bladder cancer. In the present study, we aimed to show any association between DM and risk of metastasis in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 698 patients between January 2007 and December 2014 who were diagnosed with and underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TUR-BT). Comparisons of means was conducted by independent samples t test, and relations between categorical variables were investigated by non-parametric chi-square test. A p value of 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant in comparisons. Results: We analyzed 418 patients with non muscle invasive bladder cancer. 123 of whom were diabetic and 295 non-diabetic. In diabetic patients, 13 were N1 stage and 11 M1 stage. When compared with non diabetic patients that was statistically significant (p<0.001). TNM stages were more advanced in diabetic patients (p<0.001), but concurrent CIS (p=0.1) and squamous metaplasia did not significantly differ between diabetic and non-diabetic cases (p=1). Conclusions: Diabetic patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer may suffer metastases earlier than expected although they are non invasive. Therefore such patients must be followed-up carefully and early cystectomy decision may be necessary. Further prospective studies with more patients are needed to confirm these findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3361-3363
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• 2015

Background: Despite the majority of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients having an excellent prognosis, cervical lymph node metastases are common. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and the predictive risk factors for occult central compartment lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in PTMC patients. Materials and Methods: 178 patients with clinically node-negative (cN0) PTMC undergoing prophylactic central compartment neck dissection in our hospital from January 2008 to Jun 2010 were enrolled. The relationship between CLNM and the clinical and pathological factors such as gender, age, tumor size, tumor number, tumor location, extracapsular spread (ECS), and coexistance of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis was analyzed. Results: Occult CLNM was observed in 41% (73/178) of PTMC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that male gender, tumor size (${\geq}6mm$) and ECS were independent variables predictive of CLNM in PTMC patients. Conclusions: Male gender, tumor size (${\geq}6mm$) and ECS were risk factors of CLNM. We recommend a prophylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND) should be considered in PTMC patients with such risk factors.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.138-141
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• 2007

Objectives : Well differentiated thyroid carcinoma(WDTC) has relatively good prognosis. But recurrence is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and always results in reoperation. So it is important to evaluate the risk factors relative to the recurrence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors of recurrence. Materials and Method : Two hundred seventeen patients who had undergone thyroidectomy and proved as WDTC from January 1999 to December 2004 was included in the study. We reviewed patient-related and tumorrelated factors respectively and analyzed the correlation with tumor recurrence. Results : Fourteen patients from two hundreds seventeen had recurred. Recurrence rate was 6.5%, and average interval of recurrence was 28 month. Male, age over 45, multiple mass, and advanced TMN stage patient group show higher recurrence rate, but no statistical significance. However, the recurrence rate of lymph node metastasis, tumor size>1.5cm, and extracapsular invasion group were statistically high. Conclusion : Lymph node metastasis, tumor size and extracapsular invasion are significant risk factors related to the recurrence of WDTC.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.172-184
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• 2024

Purpose: The original eCura system was designed to stratify the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) after endoscopic resection (ER) in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). We assessed the effectiveness of a modified eCura system for reflecting the characteristics of undifferentiated-type (UD)-EGC. Materials and Methods: Six hundred thirty-four patients who underwent non-curative ER for UD-EGC and received either additional surgery (radical surgery group; n=270) or no further treatment (no additional treatment group; n=364) from 18 institutions between 2005 and 2015 were retrospectively included in this study. The eCuraU system assigned 1 point each for tumors >20 mm in size, ulceration, positive vertical margin, and submucosal invasion <500 ㎛; 2 points for submucosal invasion ≥500 ㎛; and 3 points for lymphovascular invasion. Results: LNM rates in the radical surgery group were 1.1%, 5.4%, and 13.3% for the low-(0-1 point), intermediate- (2-3 points), and high-risk (4-8 points), respectively (P-fortrend<0.001). The eCuraU system showed a significantly higher probability of identifying patients with LNM as high-risk than the eCura system (66.7% vs. 22.2%; McNemar P<0.001). In the no additional treatment group, overall survival (93.4%, 87.2%, and 67.6% at 5 years) and cancer-specific survival (99.6%, 98.9%, and 92.9% at 5 years) differed significantly among the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk categories, respectively (both P<0.001). In the high-risk category, surgery outperformed no treatment in terms of overall mortality (hazard ratio, 3.26; P=0.015). Conclusions: The eCuraU system stratified the risk of LNM in patients with UD-EGC after ER. It is strongly recommended that high-risk patients undergo additional surgery.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6691-6696
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• 2015

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer and its treatment is still controversial, especially in its early stages. There are conflicting data about the efficacy of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy during abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophrectomy treatment. Lymphadenectomy carries a risk of severe complications, especially in women with co-morbidities. Selective lymphadenectomy has been widely employed for staging evaluation of endometrial carcinoma because it is simple and seems to provide reliable data regarding nodal metastasis. This study was designed to evaluate accuracy of sentinel node sampling in detecting lymph node metastasis in primary endometrial carcinoma during staging laparotomy. Materials and Methods: Ninety-three women with endometrial carcinoma at high-risk for nodal metastasis were studied. During laparotomy, methylene blue dye was injected into sub-serosal myometrium, then retroperitoneal spaces were opened and blue lymph nodes within pelvic and para-aortic regions were removed as separate specimens for histopathological examination (sentinel lymph nodes = SLNs). Hysterectomy and selective lymphadenectomy then performed for all women included in this study. Results: Deposition of methylene dye into at least one lymph node was observed in 73.1% (68/93) of studied cases. 18.3% (17/93) of studied women had positive lymph node metastasis and 94.1% (16/17) of them had positive metastasis in SLNs. In this study, SNLs had 94.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity in prediction of lymph node metastasis. Mean number of lymph nodes removed from each case decreased when SLNs biopsy were taken. Conclusions: SLNs are the key lymph nodes in endometrial tumor metastasis and their involvement could be an indicator for whether or not complete systematic lymphadenectomy is needed during staging laparotomy.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: Sirtuins (SIRTs) play important roles in cellular and organismal homeostasis. They have distinct gene expression patterns in various cancers; however, the relationship between SIRT expression and the progression of thyroid cancer is unclear. We investigated the expression of SIRTs in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and their role as biomarkers for predicting the aggressiveness of this disease. Materials and Methods: We used immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in tumor specimens from 270 patients with PTC. We also evaluated the potential association between SIRT expression and diverse clinicopathological features. Results: High SIRT1 expression was negatively correlated with lymphovascular invasion, central lymph node metastasis, and lateral lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analyses revealed that high SIRT1 expression was a negative independent risk factor for lateral lymph node metastasis. By contrast, high SIRT3 expression was positively correlated with locoregional recurrence. Interestingly, when patients were grouped by tumor SIRT expression patterns, the group with low SIRT1 expression and high SIRT3 expression was correlated with more aggressive cancer phenotypes including central lymph node metastasis and lateral lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that SIRTs play dual roles in tumor progression, and the combination of decreased SIRT1 expression and increased SIRT3 expression is significantly associated with a poor prognosis in patients with PTC.