• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.251-261
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• 2017

In this paper, thermal effect on the vibration and stability of initially stressed sandwich plates with functionally graded material (FGM) face sheets is analyzed. Material properties of FGM face sheet are graded continuously in the thickness direction. The variation of FGM properties assumes a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The governing equations of arbitrarily initially-stressed sandwich plates including the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia are derived. The initial stress is taken to be a combination of a uniaxial extensional stress and a pure bending stress in the examples. The eigenvalue problems are formed to study the vibration and buckling characteristics of simple supported initially stressed FGM/metal/FGM plates. The effects of volume fraction index, temperature rise, initial stress and layer thickness of metal on the natural frequencies and buckling loads are investigated. The results reveal that the volume fraction index, initial stresses and layer thickness of metal have significant influence on the vibration and stability of sandwich plates with FGM face sheets.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.31A no.5
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• pp.94-100
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• 1994

The junction failure mechanism of W plugs has not been fully understood while the selective W deposition has been widely used for plugging interconnection lines. In this paper, the thermal stability and junction failure mechanism of sub-micron contacts using selective CVD-W plugs were intensively studied with the metal lines of AISiCu, Ti/AISiCu and TiN/AISiCu. The experimental results showed that the contact chain resistance and leakage current in the AISiCu and Ti/AISiCu metallizations were significantly degraded after annealing. From the SEM analysis, it was found that the junction spiking, due to the Al atoms diffusion along the porous interface between selective CVD-W and contactside wall, caused the junction failure. In constast, there was no degradation of the contact resistance and junction leakage current in TiN/AISiCu metal structu-re. It is believed that the TiN barrier layer could prevent AI(Ti) atoms Fromdiffusing. Therefore, TiN barrier between W plug and Al should be used to impro-ve the thermal stability of sub-micron contacts using the selective CVD-W plugs.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of anthocyanin pigment extract from Yangha (Zingiber mioga ROSC). Methods: Yangha extract was investigated for the effects of metal ion, temperature, light, heating time, sugars, and organic acids on the stability of anthocyanin pigments. Results: Yangha pigment was more stable than other anthocyanin pigments at unstable temperatures. The stability of anthocyanin pigment significantly decreased one day after exposure to light. All tested sugars decreased the abundance of Yangha pigments, with highest levels in the presence of sucrose, and progressive decrease in the presence of maltose, fructose, glucose and galactose, in order. Among the organic acids tested, citric acid and malic acid were the most effective in stabilizing the Yangha pigment, followed by acetic acid and formic acid. Most metal ions except $Fe^{2+}$ were effective in stabilizing the pigment. Conclusion: These results provide useful reference data for the use of pigments from Yangha in processed foods.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.604-610
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• 1999

Silicide layer structures and morphology degradation of the surface and interface of the silicide layers for he Co/refractory metal bilayer sputter-deposited on the P-doped polycrystalline Si substrate and subjected to rapid thermal annealing were investigated and compared with those on the single Si substrate. The CoSi-CoSi2 phase transition temperature is lower an morphology degradation of the silcide layer occurs more severely for the Co/refractorymetal bilayer on the P-doped polycrystalline Si substrate than on the single Si substrate. Also the final layer structure and the morphology of the films after silicidation annealing was found to depend strongly upon the interlayer metal. The layer structure after silicidation annealing of Co/Hf/doped-poly Si is Co-Hf alloy/polycrystalline CoSi2/poly Si substrate while that of Co/Nb is polycrystalline CoSi2/NbSi2/polycrystalline CoSi2/poly Si.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.286-291
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• 2008

The catenary line and feeder line installed on same electrical pole in opened place of AC electrical railroad. The Electrical pole has receive a different weight from the catenary line and feeder line. So we have designed the Feeder supporting metal with new shape and material based on this fact. And then we have examined the stability of Feeder supporting metal designed a steel pipe by FEM program. New steel pipe compared with existing steel pipe on a economy respect. That result give proof the stability and economy as feeder supporting steel. Therefore this device have a basic of Value Engineering, so we have the need of reflection to design as a device of new electrical pole.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.14-31
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• 2024

The text highlights the growing need for eco-friendly energy storage and the potential of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to address this demand. Despite their promise, challenges in MOF-based energy storage include stability, reproducible synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Recent progress in supercapacitor materials, particularly over the last decade, has aimed to overcome these challenges. The review focuses on the morphological characteristics and synthesis methods of MOFs used in supercapacitors to achieve improved electrochemical performance. Various types of MOFs, including monometallic, binary, and tri-metallic compositions, as well as derivatives like hybrid nanostructures, sulfides, phosphides, and carbon composites, are explored for their energy storage potential. The review emphasizes the quest for superior electrochemical performance and stability with MOF-based materials. By analyzing recent research, the review underscores the potential of MOF-based supercapacitors to meet the increasing demands for high power and energy density solutions in the field of energy storage.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2002

The new tridentate poly-amine ligands, N,N-Bis(2-amino-ethyl)-methyl amine${\cdot}$2HBr (BAMA${\cdot}$2HBr), N,N-Bis(2-amino-ethyl)-ethylamine${\cdot}$2HBr (BAEA${\cdot}$2HBr), N,N-Bis(2-amino-ethyl)-propylamine${\cdot}$2HBr (BAPA${\cdot}$2HBr) and N,N-Bis(2-amino-ethyl)-butylamine${\cdot}$2HBr (BABA${\cdot}$2HBr) were synthesized as their dihydrobromic-salt and characterized by EA, IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The protonation constants of the ligands and stability constants of transition metal(II) complexes were determined in aqueous solutions by potentiometry and compared with diethylenetriamine. Stability constants for transition metal complexes of ligands are in the order of BAMA < BAEA < BAPA > BABA. The larger value of stability constants of BAPA compared to these BABA, may be attributed to the more distorted structure of the complex due to the increased steric crowding caused by the presence of the bulky N-butyl group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2002

This paper describes the design procedure of composite parts for hingeless hub system of helicopter. These composite parts are composed of flexure and sleeve. The design of this composite flexure is an important technique in hingeless hub system since the rotor system stability and dynamic characteristics depends on this flexure characteristics. The objective of this research is to replace the existing metal hub parts with composite to improve the performance and stability. First, the coupon test of candidate composite material for hub parts was conducted. The hub parts was designed based on test results and the manufacturing possibility by using Fiber Placement System(FPS) was checked. Also the dynamic analysis and stress analysis of composite hub parts was conducted. Through this research, we will find out the possibility of replacing existing metal hub parts with composite.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.32-41
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• 1995

In the analysis of metal forming processes by the finite element method, there are many numerical instabilities such as element locking, hourglass mode and shear locking. These instabilities may have a bad effect upon accuracy and convergence. The present work is concerned with improvement of stability and efficiency in two-dimensional rigid-plastic finite element method using various type of elemenmts and numerical intergration schemes. As metal forming examples, upsetting and backward extrusion are taken for comparison among the methods: various element types and numerical integration schemes. Comparison is made in terms of stability and efficiency in element behavior and computational efficiency and a new scheme of adaptive directional reduced integration is introduced. As a result, the finite element computation has been stabilized from the viewpoint of computational time, convergency, and numerical instability.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.345-349
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• 2001

This study has investigated the effect of thermal stability and mechanical property of $Fe_{80-X}P_{10}C_6B_4M_X$(X=2, 4, 6, M=transition metal) amorphous alloys fabricated by the melt-spun process. The glass transition temperature($T_g$), crystallization temperature($T_x$) and hardness increase with decreasing electron concentration (e/a) from about 7.38 to 7.18. The decrease of e/a implies the increase in the attractive bonding state between the M elements and other constituent element. The decrease in a/e leads to the enhancement of the attractive bonding state among the constituent elements which is favorable for the increase in $T_g$, $T_x$ and hardness.