• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2016

It has long been known that nutritional and environmental influences during the early developmental period affect the biological mechanisms which determine animal metabolism. This phenomenon, termed 'metabolic imprinting', can cause subtle but long-lasting responses to prenatal and postnatal nutrition and even be passed onto the next generation. A large amount of research data shows that nutrient availability, in terms of quantity as well as quality, during the early developing stages can decrease the number of newborn piglets and their body weight and increase their susceptibility to death before weaning. However, investigation of potential mechanisms of 'the metabolic imprinting' effect have been scant. Therefore, it remains unknown which factors are responsible for embryonic and early postnatal nutrition and which factors are major determinants of body weight and number of new born piglets. Intrauterine undernutrition, for example, was studied using a rat model providing dams 50% restricted nutrients during pregnancy and the results showed significant decreases in birth weight of newborns. This response may be a characteristic of a subset of modulations in embryonic development which is caused by the metabolic imprinting. Underlying mechanisms of intrauterine undernutrition and growth retardation can be explained in part by epigenetics. Epigenetics modulate animal phenotypes without changes in DNA sequences. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, chromatin modification and small non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing. Precise mechanisms must be identified at the morphologic, cellular, and molecular levels by using interdisciplinary nutrigenomics approaches to increase pig production. Experimental approaches for explaining these potential mechanisms will be discussed in this review.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.44-49
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• 2020

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a disorder characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to end organ resistance to parathyroid hormone. PHP is caused by the deficiency of the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein encoded by the GNAS gene, and this defect arises from genetic or imprinting disturbances. Sporadic PHP 1b shows two or more methylation defects of upstream of GNAS gene and some of them lead to loss of maternal GNAS imprints, therefore, only paternally derived GNAS gene is expressed. Here, we report a 10 year 9 month old boy presented with intermittent tetany who was finally diagnosed with PHP 1b caused by paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 20q.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2000

Oryeong-San, Pangpungtongseong-San, Rangkyeoksanwha-Tang, Sipeemikwanjoong -Tang and Taeumjoui-Tang are not only examined using the code which are related to overweight in the QRIS but are also investigated the level of Free Radical using the Free Radical Measurement after steeping those 5 prescriptions in water. The results are as follows: 1. We indicated in the study of QRIS that 5 kinds of medicines which used most frequently In the treatment of the obesity appeared to affect the Immune system, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, the fatigue toxicity, TSH, and the metabolic disability but did not influence high on the contents of overweight and those of fatty cell, as well. in addition, there were no significant differences between the prescriptions as regards testosterone and progesterone. 2. In the Free Radical Measurement, Rangkyeoksanwha-Tang evaluated significantly high level of Free Radical, whereas others appear to have the similar level of Free Radical. These findings suggest that the treatment of the obesity affects particular body parts with respect to the control of overweight, although those medicines are not related directly to the areas(such as fatty cell Code), it is possible that they influence on the cure for the obesity. Furthermore, they indicate that with soaking prescription, Free Radical is not produced as much as we expected.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1043-1061
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• 2018

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content in skeletal muscle including the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM), also known as marbling fat, is one of the most important factors determining beef quality in several countries including Korea, Japan, Australia, and the United States. Genetics and breed, management, and nutrition affect IMF deposition. Japanese Black cattle breed has the highest IMF content in the world, and Korean cattle (also called Hanwoo) the second highest. Here, we review results of research on genetic factors (breed and sex differences and heritability) that affect IMF deposition. Cattle management factors are also important for IMF deposition. Castration of bulls increases IMF deposition in most cattle breeds. The effects of several management factors, including weaning age, castration, slaughter weight and age, and environmental conditions on IMF deposition are also reviewed. Nutritional factors, including fat metabolism, digestion and absorption of feed, glucose/starch availability, and vitamin A, D, and C levels are important for IMF deposition. Manipulating IMF deposition through developmental programming via metabolic imprinting is a recently proposed nutritional method to change potential IMF deposition during the fetal and neonatal periods in rodents and domestic animals. Application of fetal nutritional programming to increase IMF deposition of progeny in later life is reviewed. The coordination of several factors affects IMF deposition. Thus, a combination of several strategies may be needed to manipulate IMF deposition, depending on the consumer's beef preference. In particular, stage-specific feeding programs with concentrate-based diets developed by Japan and Korea are described in this article.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2021

Purpose: Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is caused by genetic and epigenetic alteration in the GNAS locus, and characterized by the resistance to multiple hormones and the Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) phenotype. This study investigated the phenotypic characteristics and molecular features of PHP. Methods: Eight patients who diagnosed as PHP were enrolled at Pusan National University Children's hospital and clinical features, biochemical and genetic findings were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of a total of 8 patients, 5 were diagnosed with PHP1a, and 3 were diagnosed with PHP1b. Patients with PHP1a had three different mutations in the GNAS gene, and patients with PHPIb had imprinting defect in differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the GNAS locus. Two novel GNAS variants were identified in patients with PHP1a, including c.313-2A>T and c.1094G>A. All patients with PHP1a displayed AHO features; short stature (80%), brachydactyly (80%), a round face (80%), obesity (40%), heterotopic ossification (60%), and intellectual disability (60%), whereas only one patient (33.3%) with PHP1b showed AHO feature such as a round face. When phenotypic features between PHP1a and PHP1b patients were compared, patients with PHP1b showed a tendency of higher current height standard deviation scores (SDS) compared to patients with PHP1a, (-3.2±2.1 vs.-1.1±0.8; P=0.06) Conclusions: This study summarizes the phenotypic and genetic features of the PHP patients. Although we found considerable clinical overlap between PHP1a and PHP1b, further long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate the growth and development of children with PHP, as well as the effects of end-organ resistances to endocrine hormones.