Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease (대한유전성대사질환학회지)

The Korea Society of Inherited Metabolic Disease (대한유전성대사질환학회)
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Molecular and Phenotypic Characteristics of Patients with Pseudohypoparathyroidism: Single Center's Experience

가성부갑상선기능저하증 환자의 분자유전학적 및 임상적 특징: 단일기관의 경험

  • Kim, Min-ji (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Yoon, Ju Young (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Yoo, Sukdong (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Jun (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital) ;
  • Cheon, Chong Kun (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital)
  • 김민지 (부산대학교 어린이병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 윤주영 (부산대학교 어린이병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 유석동 (부산대학교 어린이병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 이준 (부산대학교 어린이병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 전종근 (부산대학교 어린이병원 소아청소년과)
  • Published : 2021.12.31
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Abstract

Purpose: Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is caused by genetic and epigenetic alteration in the GNAS locus, and characterized by the resistance to multiple hormones and the Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) phenotype. This study investigated the phenotypic characteristics and molecular features of PHP. Methods: Eight patients who diagnosed as PHP were enrolled at Pusan National University Children's hospital and clinical features, biochemical and genetic findings were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of a total of 8 patients, 5 were diagnosed with PHP1a, and 3 were diagnosed with PHP1b. Patients with PHP1a had three different mutations in the GNAS gene, and patients with PHPIb had imprinting defect in differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the GNAS locus. Two novel GNAS variants were identified in patients with PHP1a, including c.313-2A>T and c.1094G>A. All patients with PHP1a displayed AHO features; short stature (80%), brachydactyly (80%), a round face (80%), obesity (40%), heterotopic ossification (60%), and intellectual disability (60%), whereas only one patient (33.3%) with PHP1b showed AHO feature such as a round face. When phenotypic features between PHP1a and PHP1b patients were compared, patients with PHP1b showed a tendency of higher current height standard deviation scores (SDS) compared to patients with PHP1a, (-3.2±2.1 vs.-1.1±0.8; P=0.06) Conclusions: This study summarizes the phenotypic and genetic features of the PHP patients. Although we found considerable clinical overlap between PHP1a and PHP1b, further long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate the growth and development of children with PHP, as well as the effects of end-organ resistances to endocrine hormones.

목적: 가성부갑상선기능항진증은 GNAS 부위의 돌연변이에 의해 발생하며, 여러 호르몬에 대한 저항성과 올브라이트 유전성 골이영양증을 특징으로 한다. 이 연구는 가성부갑상선기능항진증의 표현형 특성과 분자유전학적 특징을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 부산대학교 어린이병원에 등록된 가성부갑상선기능항진증으로 진단된 환자 8명의 임상적 특징과, 생화학적, 유전학적 검사 결과들을 포함한 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 총 8명의 환자 중 5명은 PHP1a로 진단되었고 3명은 PHP-1b로 진단되었다. PHP1a 환자는 GNAS 유전자의 3가지 서로 다른 돌연변이를 가졌고, PHPIb 환자는 DMR (differential methylated region) 각인 GNAS의 소실을 보였다. 두 개의 새로운 GNAS 변이(c.313-2A>T, c.1094G>A)가 PHP1a 환자에서 발견이 되었다. 모든 PHP1a 환자는 저신장(80%), 단지증(80%), 둥근 얼굴(80%), 비만(40%), 이소성 골화(60%), 지적 장애(60%) 등의 올브라이트 유전성 골이영양증의 특징을 보였으며, PHP1b 환자의 경우는 한 명(33.3%)만이 둥근 얼굴과 같은 올브라이트 유전성 골이영양증의 특징을 보였다. PHP1a 환자와 PHP1b 환자의 표현형 특징을 비교하였을 때, 현재 키 SDS만이 PHP1b 환자에서 PHP1a 환자보다 각각 더 높은 경향성을 보였다(P=0.06). 결론: 본 연구는 한국인 PHP 환자들의 임상적 표현형 및 유전학적 특징을 요약하였다. PHP1a와 PHP1 환자들 간에 상당한 임상적 중복이 있었지만, 다른 장기 말단 저항의 영향뿐만 아니라 PHP로 진단받은 소아의 성장과 발달을 평가하기 위해서는 더 장기적인 추적 연구가 필요하겠다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors thank the patients and their families for participating in this study.

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