• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

Objectives: This study examined the association of the total diet quality with the incidence risk of metabolic syndrome constituents and metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. Methods: Based on a community-based cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) from 2001 to 2014, data from a total of 5,549 subjects (2,805 men & 2,744 women) aged 40~69 years at the baseline with a total follow-up period of 38,166 person-years were analyzed. The criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel was employed to define metabolic syndrome. The total diet quality was estimated using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of metabolic syndrome constituents and metabolic syndrome in relation to KHEI quintile groups was calculated by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: After adjusting for age, energy intake, income, education, physical activity, smoking, and drinking, the incidence of abdominal obesity and high blood pressure was significantly lower, by approximately 29.7% (P < 0.01) and 25.2% (P < 0.01), respectively, in the fifth KHEI quintile compared to the first quintile in men. A significant decreasing trend of the metabolic syndrome incidence was observed across the improving levels of KHEI (HRq5vs.q1: 0.775, 95% CIq5vs.q1: 0.619~0.971, P for trend < 0.01). In women, the incidence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome was significantly lower, by approximately 29.8% (P < 0.01) and 22.5% (P < 0.05), respectively, in the fifth KHEI quintile compared to the first quintile adjusting for multiple covariates. On the other hand, the linear trend of metabolic syndrome risk across the KHEI levels did not reach the significance level. Conclusions: A better diet quality can prevent future metabolic syndrome and its certain risk factors among Korean men and women.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.1152-1157
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• 2006

Inherited metabolic disease is rare disorders that show symptoms mainly in pediatric age and early treatment is important for preventing complications of the disease. Recent development in molecular and biochemical techniques help clinicians with proper diagnosis of patients, however, many of the disease still remain lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Better understanding on biochemical and molecular basis of pathogenesis of the disease combined with advanced medical care would provide new sight on the disease that can also improve the quality of life and long-term prognosis of patients. Traditionally, there are several modalities in the treatment of metabolic diseases depend on the biochemical basis of the disease such as diet restriction, removing or blocking the production of toxic metabolites, and stimulating residual enzyme activity. The inherited metabolic disease is not familiar for many clinicians because the diagnosis is troublesome, treatment is complicated and prognosis may not as good as expected in other diseases. Recently, new therapeutic regimens have been introduced that can significantly improve the medical care of patients with metabolic disease. Enzyme replacement therapy has showed promising efficacy for lysosomal storage disease, bone marrow transplantation is effective in some disease and gene therapy has been trying for different diseases. The new trials for treatment of the disease will give us promising insight on the disease and most clinicians should have more interest in medical progress of the metabolic disease.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.487-497
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• 2010

Purpose: This study examined the validity and reliability to develop a lifestyle evaluation tool for metabolic syndrome patients. Methods: A methodological research design was used. The construct factors and preliminary items were identified by reviewing previous researches and tools related to lifestyle and reviewed by ten experts. It was tested with 195 patients with metabolic syndrome in a university hospital. The data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 14.0. Results: To test the validity, principal component analyses were used and resulted in the extraction of six components. The convergent validity resulted r= .72 (p<.001) with Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile. The discriminant validity with Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale resulted r= -.15 (p=.004). The Internal consistency of the tool had an Cronbach's a of .92. The self-report format Lifestyle Evaluation Tool for the patients with metabolic syndrome was developed with 36 items and four-rating scales:'physical activity and weight control' eight items, 'dietary habits' sixteen items, 'drinking and smoking' three items, 'sleep and rest' two items, 'stress' three items, 'drug and health management' four items. Conclusion: This Tool will evaluate health behaviors in patients with metabolic syndrome. Also, it will contribute to the development of nursing intervention to improve the metabolic syndrome patients' lifestyle.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.4-14
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• 2003

Maple syrup urine disease or branched chain ketoacidurias caused by a deficiency in activity of the branched-chain ${\alpha}$-keto acid dehydrogenase(BCKD) complex. This metabolic block results in the accumulation of the branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine and valine, and the corresponding branched chain ${\alpha}$-keto acids (BCKAs). Based on the clinical presentation and biochemical responses to thiamine administration, MSUD patients can be divided into five phenotypes : classic, intermediate, intermittent, thiamine responsive and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase(E3)-deficient. Classic MSUD has a neonatal onset of encephalopathy, and is the most severe ad most common form. Variant forms of MSUD generally have the initial symptoms by 2 years of age. The majority of untreated classic patients die within the early months of life from recurrent metabolic crisis and neurologic deterioration. Treatment involves both longterm dietary management and aggressive intervention during acute metabolic decompensation. We report here our experience of longterm diet therapy and treatment of acute metabolic decompensation of a case of classic MSUD.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.727-735
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• 2023

Stem cells require high amounts of energy to replicate their genome and organelles and differentiate into numerous cell types. Therefore, metabolic stress has a major impact on stem cell fate determination, including self-renewal, quiescence, and differentiation. Lysosomes are catabolic organelles that influence stem cell function and fate by regulating the degradation of intracellular components and maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to metabolic stress. Lysosomal functions altered by metabolic stress are tightly regulated by the transcription factor EB (TFEB) and TFE3, critical regulators of lysosomal gene expression. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanism of TFEB-mediated lysosomal function may provide some insight into stem cell fate determination under metabolic stress. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism of TFEB/TFE3 in modulating stem cell lysosomal function and then elucidate the role of TFEB/TFE3-mediated transcriptional activity in the determination of stem cell fate under metabolic stress.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.52-68
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• 2009

This study compared activity factor. predicted resting metabolic rate (RMR), and nutrient intakes between athletic and non-athletic high school students in Gangwon-do. Fifty soccer players (30 males and 20 females; mean ages 16.7${\pm}$1.0 years and 16.4${\pm}$1.1 years. respectively) and 50 non-athletic (30 males and 20 females: mean ages 17.5${\pm}$0.4 years and 16.4${\pm}$1.1 years respectively) high school students were included. Anthropometric measurements included: weight and height. triceps skinfold, mid-ann circumference, and body fat. Prediction equations consisted of those from the Harris-Benedict. FAO/WHO/VNU, IMNA, Cunningham, Mifflin et al., and Owen et al. A one-day activity diary was collected by interview, and the 24-hour recall method was used to analyze nutrient intakes of subjects. The activity factors of the male and female athletic groups (2.23 and 2.16, respectively) were significantly higher than those (1.52 and 1.46, respectively) of the non-athletic group. There was only a significant difference in RMR by use of the Cunningham's equation between two groups. For the males. almost all nutrient intakes of the athletic group (except carbohydrate, iron, vitamin $B_1$, $B_6$, and niacin) of athletic group were significantly higher than those of the non-athletic group. The female athletic group showed significantly higher nutrient intakes with the exception of most vitamins. These results suggest that assessments of energy balance between energy intake and energy expenditure by employing RMR and activity factors would be useful to prevent and treat obesity in high school athletes. In addition, the Cunningham's equation would be appropriate for predicting their energy needs.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.134-144
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• 2019

Metabolic syndrome and allergic rhinitis are two important chronic diseases that affect people all over the world. Metabolic syndrome very often induces other diseases and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is currently increasing. Aging is known to affect the pathogenesis of various diseases such as metabolic syndrome and allergy. This study examined the effects of metabolic syndrome and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis depending on different age groups and several general characteristics. This study was conducted by using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th-1 (2007~2016). The data used for this study was obtained from 51,854 people. In all age groups, our studies have shown that people without metabolic syndrome have a higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis than those people with metabolic syndrome, and the younger age group had the higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis (P<0.05). Overall, the results of this study found a significant effect on the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in each category of age, general characteristics (physical activity, smoking and drinking) and the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome (P<0.05). The evidence found in this study will help to understand the correlation between metabolic syndrome and allergy, and specifically allergic rhinitis.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.351-361
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between diabetic dietary compliance and dietary intake, physical activity and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Seventy five subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes visiting the D hospital in Dongducheon from May 2014 to Dec 2014 were included in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their diabetic dietary compliance score (median 39); low diabetic dietary compliance (LDDC) group (n=44) and high diabetic dietary compliance (HDDC) group (n=31). Survey data collection was carried out by direct interview method. The nutrient intake, food intake and KDDS (Korean's dietary diversity score), DVS (dietary variety score) and GMVDF (grain, meat, vegetable, dairy and fruit) were analyzed using data from the 24-recall method. Metabolic parameters were obtained from the hospital records. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test and general linear model adjusted for sex. Results: The prevalence of MS was 59.7% in the participating diabetic patients. The prevalence of MS of the HDDC (39.3%) was significantly lower than that of the LDDC (72.7%). The distribution of physical activity showed a significant difference between the groups (p=0.006). The intakes of seeds and nuts of the HDDC were significantly lower than those of the LDDC. Fat and vegetable fat intakes and % fat of energy in the HDDC were significantly lower than those in the LDDC. But, carbohydrate (CHO) and potassium intake and %CHO of energy in the HDDC were significantly higher than those in the LDDC. KDDS and GMVDF showed significant differences between groups (p=0.033; p=0.012). Conclusions: Continuous intervention by specialized nutritionists for long-term self-regulation is needed for diabetic patients, and the high compliance to diabetic diet and increasing physical activity may be effective in the prevention of metabolic syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2020

Fenbendazole (FBZ) is a benzimidazole anthelmintic that has been widely used in treatments for gastrointestinal parasites including pinworms and roundworms in animals. Recently, some studies demonstrated that FBZ has anti-cancer effects related to disruption of microtubule polymerization. In this study, we investigated whether FBZ has anti-cancer activity in HL-60 cells, a human leukemia cell line, and assessed its relationship with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). FBZ treatment at 0.25-1 μM significantly decreased the metabolic activity of HL-60 cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential of FBZ-treated HL-60 cells decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Apoptosis analysis using annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining demonstrated that 1 μM FBZ increased the percentages of cells in apoptosis and necrosis. In addition, Hoechst 33342 staining showed the presence of broken nuclei in HL-60 cells treated with 0.5 and 1 μM FBZ. To investigate the anti-cancer mechanism of FBZ, HL-60 cells were treated with FBZ in the absence or presence of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an inhibitor of ROS production. NAC significantly recovered the decreased metabolic activity of HL-60 induced by 0.5 and 1 μM FBZ treatments. This study provides evidence that FBZ has anti-cancer activity in HL-60 cells provided, in part, via ROS production.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.287-295
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• 2016

Involuntary physical activity induced by the avoidance of electrical shock leads to improved endurance exercise capacity in animals. However, it remains unknown whether voluntary stand-up physical activity (SPA) without forced simulating factors improves endurance exercise capacity in animals. We examined the effects of SPA on body weight, cardiac function, and endurance exercise capacity for 12 weeks. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 8 weeks, n=6 per group) were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) or a voluntary SPA group. The rats were induced to perform voluntary SPA (lifting a load equal to their body weight), while the food height (18.0 cm) in cages was increased progressively by 3.5 every 4 weeks until it reached 28.5 cm for 12 weeks. The SPA group showed a lower body weight compared to the CON group, but voluntary SPA did not affect the skeletal muscle and heart weights, food intake, and echocardiography results. Although the SPA group showed higher grip strength, running time, and distance compared to the CON group, the level of irisin, corticosterone, genetic expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, and nuclei numbers were not affected. These findings show that voluntary SPA without any forced stimuli in rats can effectively reduce body weight and enhance endurance exercise capacity, suggesting that it may be an important alternative strategy to enhance endurance exercise capacity.