• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2003

A review of the background and development of the p-hydroxyphenacyl group (pHP) as a photoprotecting group for biological substrates is chronicled. The pHP group has promise as an efficient, rapid phototrigger for the study of very fast biological processes. Applications include the release of neurotransmittors and second messengers, enzyme switches and nucleotides.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 2002

The signal pathways involved in the regulation of AP-1 DNA binding activity in long-term nicotine stimulated bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin (BAMC) cells have not been well characterized. To understand the involvement of second messengers in the regulation of AP-1 DNA binding activity, the present study was designed to define the time-course for inhibition of nicotine-induced responses by cholinergic antagonists, $Ca^{2+}$ and calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) II inhibitor using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Nicotine $(10{\mu}M)$ stimulation increased AP-1 DNA binding activity at 24 hr after treatment. Posttreatment with hexamethonium (1 mM) plus atropine $(1{\mu}M)$ (HA), nimodipine $(1{\mu}M),$ or calmidazolium $(1{\mu}M)$ at 0.5, 3, and 6 hr after the nicotine treatment significantly inhibited the AP-1 DNA binding activity increased by long-term nicotine stimulation. However, posttreatment with HA, nimodipine, or calmidazolium at 9 or 12 hr after the nicotine treatment did not affect the nicotine-induced increase of AP-1 DNA binding activity. The pretreatment of BAMC cells with various concentrations of KN-62 inhibited the increase of AP-1 DNA binding activity induced by nicotine in a concentration-dependent manner. KN-62 $(10{\mu}M)$ posttreatment beginning at 0.5, 3, or 6 hr after the nicotine treatment significantly inhibited the increase of AP-1 DNA binding activity. However, KN-62 posttreatment beginning at 9 or 12 hr after the nicotine treatment did not affect the increase of AP-1 DNA binding activity. This study suggested that stimulation (for at least 6 hr) of nicotinic receptors on BAMC cells was necessary for increase of AP-1 DNA binding activity, and activation of $Ca^{2+},$ CaM, and CaMK II up to 6 hr at least seemed to be required for the increase of nicotine-induced AP-1 DNA binding activity.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.27-39
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• 2017

To grasp the current status of smart campus and look for future directions, this study investigated the usage rate and perceived usefulness of digital devices and services by conducting online survey of 580 university students. The main results are as follows. First, smartphones have the highest ownership rate, followed by laptops, desktops, and digital cameras. Purchase intention of virtual reality devices is highest followed by smart watches/bands, and tablets. Second, mobilization in campus life is almost realized, however the usage of desktops is still high in education and administration context. Digital devices have been perceived particularly useful when searching and sharing information. Third, students use digital services such as search engines, messengers, and online libraries in their learning, and they use messengers, music and video services in their lives. Service usage rate and perceived usefulness are not proportional.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.133-139
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• 2024

The educational situation, which resulted from the announced self-isolation regime, intensified the forced decisions on the organization of the distance educational process. The study is topical because of the provision of distance learning based on the experience of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. The study was conducted in three stages. Systemic, socio-communicative, competence approaches, sociological methods (questionnaires and interviews) were chosen as methodological tools of the research. The results of a survey of teachers and entrants to higher education institutions on the topic "Using social networks and digital platforms for online classes under the conditions of quarantine restrictions" allowed to scientifically substantiate the need for deeper knowledge of such tools as Google Meet (79%), Zoom (13.78%) and Google Classroom (11.62%), which are preferred by entrants. Almost a third of entrants (34.26%) noted the lack of scientific and methodological support for learning the subjects. The study showed high efficiency of messengers in distance education. The study found that in the process of organizing communication in the student-teacher system, it is necessary to take into account the priority of Telegram on the basis of which it is necessary to implement a chatbot for convenient and effective exchange of information about the educational process. Further research should focus on the effectiveness of the use of Telegram. The effectiveness of using chatbots should also be considered. Chatbots can be used to automate routine components of the learning process.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.205-210
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• 2024

Nowadays, online messengers are the main communication tool of modern people. Currently, not only messengers that communicate based on text and images, but also services that can interact in real time through voice or screen sharing are actively used by the MZs. This study aims to figure out 1) the motivation of users of voice chat services, and 2) to explore the influence of motivation for use on satisfaction that one of the factors that determine the user's experience. As a result, five major motivations for using voice chat service(Relationship formation, Usefulness, Relationship maintenance, communication supplementation, and distance overcoming) were found. Among them 'Usefulness' and 'Relationship maintenance had a positive effect on user satisfaction. This study, highlighted the various needs of users who communicate in a non-face-to-face environments as well as factors to be satisfied for their positive experiences. These results should be actively used in the online communications market.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2003

Production of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides usually referred to as bacteriocins is an inducible trait in several gram positive bacteria, particularly in those belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria. In many of these organisms, production of bacteriocins is inducible and induction requires secretion and extracellular accumulation of peptides that act as chemical messengers and trigger bacteriocin production. These inducer peptides are often referred to as autoinducers and are believed to permit a quorum sensing-based regulation of bacteriocin production. Notably, the peptides acting as autoinducers are dedicated peptides with or without antimicrobial activity or the bacteriocins themselves. The autoinducer-dependent induction of bacteriocin production requires histidine protein kinases and response regulator proteins of two-component signal transduction systems. The current working model for the regulation of class II bacteriocin production in lactic acid bacteria and the most relevant direct and indirect pieces of evidence supporting the model are discussed in this minireview.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2016

Recently, the competition among global IT companies for the market occupancy of the IoT(Internet of Things) is fierce. Internet of Things are all the things and people around the world connected to the Internet, and it is becoming more and more intelligent. In addition, for the purpose of providing users with a customized services to variety of context-awareness, IoT platform and related research have been active area. In this paper, we analyze third party instant messengers of Windows 8 Style UI and propose a digital forensic methodology. And, we are well aware of the Android-based map and navigation applications. What we want to show is GPS information analysis by using the R. In addition, we propose a structured data analysis applying the hierarchical clustering model using GPS data in the digital forensics modules. The proposed model is expected to help support the IOT services and efficient criminal investigation process.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.288.3-289
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• 2003

Sphingolipid species are important second messengers due to their role in the mitogenesis, differentiation and apoptosis. We developed a new column liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in combination with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method for the rapid, simultaneous and quantitative determination of unambiguous detecting sphingolipids in cell culture of human cancer cells (HL-60). (omitted)

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.211-224
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• 2004

Distributing information on the internet is common in our daily life. In the past, e-mail has been the primary choice of exchanging information, but instant messengers are gaining popularity abroad and domestically because of their immediate responses. Instant messaging has become the fastest growing communication technology in recent years. Instant messaging is effectively a chat room for two people. Users that have accounts with the same provider are able to send messages via computer in real time. Instant messaging has exploded into the business world as companies now utilize the technology for everything from interoffice communication to client/customer communication. In this paper, we propose a method of instant messenger system design for effective collaboration of statistical data collection.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.183-192
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• 2010

Digital communities' spaces have been very popular through communication contents provide entertainment and usability. Emoticons provide simply emotional expressions and intension, so they weakly convey a realistic sense as they are designed by 2D graphics. However, 3D Avatars presented by 3D Computer Graphics make users interesting because of delivering senses of reality and three-dimension and amuse users because of representing their characters. It is the purpose of this study to analyze design examples of emoticons and avatars applying to personal messengers and propose the development of them. In addition, this paper researches various characteristics of emoticons and avatars for web and mobile phones, and suggests a strategy to usefully and properly apply emoticons and avatars to design.