• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1220-1228
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• 2014

Emergency Warning Service will be the most important service of VANET. Transmission delay is the most important performance criteria of the warning service. Most legacy research takes a way to minimize the packet collision. However those approach has a critical weak point on urban environment where there is a blind area of electric wave. So another issue is required in order to provide enhanced warning message propagation technique to overcome the urban environment problem. In this paper, I proposed an enhanced warning message propagation scheme in the poor electric wave environment as the intersection area. Proposed scheme forwards the warning message to the blind area by enhanced forwarding node selection technique. For efficiency of warning message propagation, I suggest forwarding priority for decision of forwarding node. And the node has a direct mode or redirect mode depending on neighbor nodes. The simulation was carried out to evaluate the performance. The simulation results show that proposed scheme has the superior performance compared to legacy warning message technique.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3104-3123
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• 2022

The development of Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) has greatly improved the efficiency and safety of social transportation, and the routing strategy for VANET has also received high attention from both academia and industry. However, studies on dynamic matching of routing policies with the message types of VANET are in short supply, which affects the operational efficiency and security of VANET to a certain extent. This paper studies the message types in VANET and fully considers the urgency and reliability requirements of message forwarding under various types. Based on the diversified types of messages to be transmitted, and taking the diversified message forwarding strategies suitable for VANET scenarios as behavioral candidates, an adaptive routing method for the VANET message types based on reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed. The key parameters of the method, such as state, action and reward, are reasonably designed. Simulation and analysis show that the proposed method could converge quickly, and the comprehensive performance of the proposed method is obviously better than the comparison methods in terms of timeliness and reliability.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2010

MMOG는 네트워크 가상 환경의 다양한 응용 중 하나이며, 수백 명 이상의 사용자들이 동시에 가상 세계에서 상호작용한다. P2P MMOG에서 대역폭 소비를 줄이기 위하여 VON 기법이 제안되었으며, Message Forwarding을 이용하여 성능을 개선한 Vorocast 기법도 있다. 본 논문에서는 Forwarding 모델 상에서 메시지를 발생하는 노드가 더 많은 이웃 노드들에게 위치 갱신 (Position Update) 메시지를 전달하는 방법으로써 적은 일관성이나 높은 지연성과 같은 문제를 개선한 동적 관심영역 (AOI : Area Of Interest) 관리기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 Direct-Connection 모델과 Vorocast 모델을 결합함으로써 기존의 기법과 비교해서 보다 높은 일관성을 제공하고 지연성을 감소시킨다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안 기법의 성능을 보였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권2A호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2007

같은 도로를 달리고 있는 차량들 사이에서 긴급메시지를 이용하여 긴급정지, 사고, 방해물, 차량 고장 등의 위험 관련 정보를 교환하는 고도화된 차량안전 시스템을 구축할 수 있다. 차량의 고속 이동성으로 말미암아 네트워크위상 변화가 심하고, 미리 설정된 연계성이 없는 상태에서 전달되기 때문에, 브로드캐스팅의 형태로 긴급메시지를 전파하고 있다. 하지만, 다중 홉의 영역과 무선 충돌 문제로 말미암아 효율성에 많은 문제점이 제시되고 있다. 차량안전통신을 위한 메시지 전달 방법으로 본 논문에서는 줄기와 가지 구조를 이용하는 선별적 재송신 방법을 제시한다. 제안된 방법은 같은 도로를 이동 중인 후방의 차량들에게 네트워크 플러딩과 유사한 방법으로 메시지를 전파하나 적절한 위치의 노드에게 높은 우선순위 부여하는 선택적인 전달 방법으로 메시지 전달의 효율성을 극대화 한다. 본 논문에서 제시한 방법과 유사연구를 비교하여 성능을 분석, 평가한다.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2014

In an opportunistic network, one of the most challenging issues is the equilibrium of the network traffic and transmission delay for forwarding messages. To resolve this problem, we propose a new forwarding scheme, called the direction entropy-based forwarding scheme (DEFS), using the main direction and direction entropy based on the information collected about the directions of the nodes in the network. Since each node sends a message to another node with a different location and less direction entropy, DEFS utilizes those nodes that are more likely to travel to various locations to forward the messages to the destination nodes. Experiments were performed on the network simulator NS-2. The results show that DEFS provides better balance than the typical forwarding schemes, such as Epidemic, PRoPHET, and WAIT.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2014

지연 감내 네트워크는 지속적인 연결이 보장되지 않고 저장(Store), 운반(Carry), 전달(Forward) 방식의 메시지 전달을 사용 하는 네트워크이다. 이러한 지연 감내 네트워크에서 메시지 전달은 중요한 연구 이슈이며, 최근 많은 라우팅 기법들이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 노드들의 사회관계와 확장 매개 중심도를 이용하여 효율적인 지연 감내 네트워크에서 라우팅 기법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 Epidemic routing, Friendship routing에 비해 적은 메시지 전달 성공률차이를 유지하며, 메시지 전달 비용에는 효율적임을 보인다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.234-252
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• 2013

Due to the uncertain of connections in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), most routing algorithms in DTNs need nodes to forward the message to others based on the opportunistic contact. The contact is related with the beaconing rate. In particular, nodes have more chances to encounter with each other with bigger beaconing rate, but more energy will be used. On the other hand, if the nodes forward the message to every node all the time, the efficiency of the routing algorithm is better, but it needs more energy, too. This paper tries to exploit the optimal beaconing rate and forwarding rate when the total energy is constraint. First, a theoretical framework is proposed, which can be used to evaluate the performance with different forwarding rate and beaconing rate. Then, this paper formulates a joint optimization problem based on the framework. Through Pontryagin's Maximal Principle, this paper obtains the optimal policy and proves that both the optimal forwarding and beaconing rates conform to threshold form. Simulation results show the accuracy of the theoretical framework. Extensive numerical results show that the optimal policy obtained in this paper is the best.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제9C권1호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2002

본 논문은 분산 QoS라우팅 방식 상에서 라우터에 존재하는 라우팅 테이블 정보 단계에 따른 여러 가지 라우팅 성능을 연구하고자 한다. 기존의 플러딩(Flooding) 방식과 최근 제안된 2-level 포워딩 방식에 대해 살펴보고, 논문에서 제안하는 Implicit 3-level 방식과의 성능을 비교하기로 한다. 성능 항목으로는 분산 QoS 라우팅 방식에 의해 나타나는 메시지 오버헤드와 라우터에서 유지하는 라우팅 테이블 정보의 정확성을 나타내는 경로 설정 성공률, 연결 설정 실패율, 네트워크 이용률 등을 들 수 있다. 결과적으로 라우팅 테이블 정보의 단계가 높을수록 메시지 오버헤드는 낮지만 정보의 부정확성 때문에 나머지 항목에서는 낮은 성능을 보이고 있다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

The message propagation between vehicles must be efficiently performed to quickly transmit information between vehicles in vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs). Broadcasting can be the most effective solution for propagating these messages. However, broadcasting can cause broadcast storm problems, which can reduce the performance of the overall network. Therefore, rapid information delivery in VANET requires a method that can propagate messages quickly without causing the broadcast storm problems. This paper proposes a lightweight and opportunistic broadcast (LOB) protocol that leverages the features of opportunistic routing to propagate messages quickly while minimizing the load on the network in VANETs where the network topology changes frequently. LOB does not require any routing information like greedy forwarding scheme, and neighboring nodes at the farthest distance within the range of transmission nodes are likely to be selected as forwarding nodes, and multiple forwarding candidate nodes like opportunistic routing scheme can increase packet transmission rates. Simulation results using ns-2 showed that LOB outperformed existing broadcast protocols in terms of packet rate and packet delay.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2021

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is an extension paradigm of moving vehicles to communicate with wireless transmission devices within a certain geographical limit without any fixed infrastructure. The vehicles have most important participation in this model is usually positioned quite dimly within the certain radio range. Fuzzy based multi-hop broadcast protocol is better than conventional message dissemination techniques in high-mobility VANETs, is proposed in this research work. Generally, in a transmission range the existing number of nodes is obstacle for rebroadcasting that can be improved by reducing number of intermediate forwarding points. The proposed protocol stresses on transmission of emergency message projection by utilization subset of surrounding nodes with consideration of three metrics: inter-vehicle distance, node density and signal strength. The proposed protocol is fuzzy MHB. The method assessment is accomplished in OMNeT++, SUMO and MATLAB environment to prove the efficiency of it.