• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.443-451
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 어린이집에서 제공하는 간식에 대한 식품 가이드 등 구체적인 기준을 설정하기 위한 기초자료를 마련하기 위하여 어린이집 간식식단의 유형 및 식품의 다양성을 평가하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 서울시 소재 육아종합지원센터 총 14개소에서 2013년 3월 중 어린이집에 제공한 오전 및 오후 간식 630식을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 제공시간에 따라 간식식단의 유형 및 식품 다양성에 차이가 있었다. 전체적으로 두 가지 메뉴 품목을 포함한 간식식단이 가장 많았으나 (66.8%), 오전간식 (1.63개)에 비해 오후간식 (1.74개)의 메뉴 품목 가짓수가 유의적으로 더 많았다. 스낵 음료 조합 패턴을 살펴본 결과, 전체적으로 스낵과 음료를 각 한 개 포함한 (Food + Beverage) 비율이 가장 높았다 (56.7%). 간식식단의 식품군별 제공비율을 분석하였으며 총 630식의 간식식단에서 곡류, 고기 생선 달걀 콩류, 채소류, 과일류, 우유 및 유제품류를 포함하고 있는 식단은 각각 63.5%, 20.3%, 24.9%, 23.0%, 45.6%였다. 간식식단의 식품군 패턴에서는 곡류 (G)와 곡류+우유 및 유제품류 (G + D) 패턴이 각 18.9%, 17.1%로 가장 비율이 높았다. 식품군별 다빈도 메뉴 품목을 분석하였으며, 곡류에서는 '빵류 (21.3%)', 고기 생선 달걀 콩류에서는 '콩류 (32.5%)', 채소류에서는 '숙채류 (66.7%)', 과일류에서는 '생과일 (85.1%)', 우유 및 유제품류에서는 '우유 (66.9%)'가 제공된 비율이 가장 높았다. 본 연구결과 특히, 오후간식 식단에서 한 가지 식품군만으로 구성된 경우가 절반 정도로 제공되는 식품이 다양하지 못했다. 또한 오후간식의 경우 전체 식단의 약 1/3이 곡류만으로 구성되어 있어 충분한 무기질과 비타민 공급이 부족할 가능성이 있었다. 식사로 섭취하기 어려운 우유 및 유제품류는 간식으로 제공되는 것이 바람직하나 본 연구 결과 전체 간식식단의 46%에만 포함되어 있었으며, 과일류 제공 비율은 23%에 불과하였다. 따라서 어린이집을 이용하는 영유아들에게 질적, 양적으로 보다 바람직한 간식을 제공하기 위해서는 오전과 오후간식의 기본 형태, 식품군 구성, 메뉴유형 등에 대한 보다 구체적이며 통합적인 기준이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.443-454
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• 1993

The purposes of this study were to analyze the work patterns of selected hospital foodservices by Work Sampling methodology, and to investigate the relationship among operational factors affecting productivity. The hospitals were classified into 3 groups by the percentage of patient meals, and the percentage of special patient diet, and the menu items of patients meals. The groups clustered were characterized by productivity. Work Sampling methodology was utilized to analyze the work patterns of hospitals with selected 3 hospitals to investigate the productivity the productivity and labor times used in each work functions. Productivity index analyzed by Work Sampling were 10.36 min/meal, 10.95 min/meal, and 12.19 min/meal, respectively X, Y, Z hospital. Z hospital was significantly different from time used in direct work function and delay. Direct work function time was the highest, delay the lowest in Z hospital. The relation between the results of Work Sampling and the productivities of 3 groups showed not by delay but direct work function in the classification used in this study.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.16-34
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore how designers use software-based design tools for ideation and collaboration (for two cases: with designers and with developers). We conducted logistic regression analysis and random forest analysis. Software-based design tools are more popular among product designers and affiliated with design organizations with 51 to 100 members. We identify the features that influence designers to use design tools for the ideation and collaboration, and how these usage patterns are interrelated. Interrelated usage pattern is a key consideration for location of the menu and convenience of use. The results imply that reinforcement of the design tool features per designer profile is required and that design management should be consistent with the field of design and the nature of the organization.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2003

This was preliminary study that was to find out the developing point in military meal service to focus on seafood dishes that recently increased plate waste. This study was conducted to analyze menu patterns in military meal service. The result of this study was using to develop new seafood dishes in military meal service. On the basis of some findings, several developing points how to plan meals include many kinds of seafood dishes and to modify taste and cooking method that was more highly prefered by young military persons were suggested. This preliminary study findings were as follows: 1. Each meal was served cooked rice and 4 kinds of dishes(soup or stew, main dish, side dish and kimchi) 2. The seafood dishes was served as 28.6% in soup or stew, 35.0% in main dish and 36.4% in side dish of total serving of seafood dishes. 3. All of raw materials of seafood were supplied by frozen, several items were supplied dried material. Supplying seafood items were limited. Numbers of using seafood items were using 2.7 times per day. Laver and squid was most frequently used. 4. Seafood dishes were frequently serving in breakfast, especially seasoned & toasted laver was served 28.8% of seafood menu in breakfast because of convenience. 5. The nutrients contents of each dishes were as follows, the soup was $86.5{\pm}3.2kcal$ and $10.9{\pm}8.9g$ of animal protein, stew was $165.3{\pm}70.2kcal$ and $13.3{\pm}7.9g$ of animal protein. Nutrients content of other main dish and side dishes was different from 108.1kcal (in steaming dish) to 412.4kcal (in deep-fat frying dish) according to different cooking method. The highest animal protein dish that contented $18.9{\pm}5.1g$ of protein was pan-frying dish or grilling dish. Lowest one was $8.4{\pm}4.9g$ in braising dish. 6. Major cooking method of seafood was stew and the next was deep fat frying, stirfrying and braising. Pan-frying or grilling was seldomly used in military menu because of limitation of kitchen facilities and cooking utensils. On the basis of these findings, newely developing military seafood menus were focused on combination dish(such as seafood cooked rice or seafood fried rice) and many kinds of sauce that was applied to deep-fat frying dishes.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the menu of meal boxes delivered to low-income children during summer vacation. Out of 114 questionnaires distributed nationwide concerning lunch menus during summer vacation of 2008, 51 (44.7% response rate) were returned. A total of 170 daily lunch menus consisting of 5 day menus from 34 organizations (29.8% analysis rate) were analyzed after excluding 16 organizations that delivered side dishes only and one organization that provided menus of less than 5 days. The mean numbers of dishes and food items in the menus were five and eight, respectively. Over two-thirds (67.1%) of the lunch box menus included only three food groups: grain, meat and vegetable. Only 2% of the menus included all five food groups, grain, meat, vegetable, fruit, and dairy products. In general, the menus tended to lack fruits and dairy products; the percentages of the menus not including fruits and dairy products reached 89% and 77%, respectively. The average number of dishes, distribution of food group patterns, and average dietary diversity scores of the menus were significantly different according to reimbursement rate. The organizations receiving reimbursement of 3,500 won were more likely to include diverse food groups than those receiving 3,000 won although most of the menus were not proper in terms of food diversity anyway. These results suggest that lunch box menus for low-income children can be improved, in particular, by including more diverse food groups.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권3호통권99호
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• pp.327-336
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• 2007

Life-style factors often include social relationships as well as consumption, entertainment and dress patterns. They also typically reflect an individual's attitudes, values and worldview. Life-style types have become and an important factor for segmenting customer markets ever since significant relationships between life-style and customers' behavior was proven. This study examined the relationships between the life-styles of young customers' and the important attributes of foodservice encounters. Factors analysis with VARIMAX and K-means cluster analysis were conducted to group the subjects by life-style. According to the factors analysis, four underlying dimensions were identified and labeled: (1) 'actively fashioned', (2) 'luxury picky', (3) 'healthy toward', and (4) 'utilitarian leisure'. Based on the factor scores derived from the factors analysis, the K-means cluster analysis classified three groups as statistically significant using ANOVA(p<0.05). The overall mean score for the 3rd cluster 'trendy-active picky' was higher than the other two clusters, and represented very picky attitudes about foodservice attributes. The 3rd cluster also seemed to apply higher standards to all of the foodservice attributes. By order of importance, the most important attributes of the 2nd cluster 'pursue-utilitarian leisure' were food serving time, automation systems, server's hygienes, employee kindness, time in line, and menu variety. In spite of low concerns for the life-style attributes, the first cluster 'passively indifferent' recognized menu variety, food sanitation, food serving time, server's hygiene, menu price, air circulation, and room temperature as important. These results suggest that young diners in Korea could be classified by their diverse life-styles that are represented as trendy, utilitarian, and indifferent and will hopefully contribute to the foodservice industry's ability to segment customer characteristics by different life-styles in Korea.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the meal pattern and the nutritional balance in university foodservices of Seoul. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire with 317 students at five different cafeterias that served 23 meals. We weighed all the meals offered by the university foodservices, separated the foods, and calculated their nutritional content using a computer program $\ulcorner$DS24$\lrcorner$. We also checked the dishes and those amount students consumed from the menu. The results of this study is summarized as follows. : 1) The most prevalent menu patterns included rice, soup, two side dishes, and kimchi. 2) Most nutrient contents per meal in a given menu was lower than one third of the recommended dietary allowance(RDA). 3) The mean energy content for the amount of rice that was served was 399㎉, for the side dish, it was 107㎉, and for the kimchi, it was 9.9㎉. 4) The number of total dishes and side dishes was five and two, respectively. The dietary variety score was 16.7, and the dietary diversity score was 3. 5) The mean energy intake by students at self-operated managements were 545㎉, and at one contracted management, the energy intake were 494㎉. Both of them did not serve enough to meet one third of the RDA. Nutrient adequacy ration(NAR) was 0.4∼0.9, and Index of nutritional quality(INQ) was above 0.9 for most nutrients with the exception of calcium and vitamin B$_2$.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2017

지속적인 경제 성장에 따라 소비자들의 외식 횟수는 해를 거듭할수록 점점 늘어나고 있으며 그 만큼 외식 산업 역시 양적인 성장을 기록하고 있다. 소비자가 외식을 결정하고 메뉴를 선정할 때 다양한 변수가 존재하지만, 본 연구에서는 강수, 적설, 운량에 따른 날씨 변수와, 계절과 휴일에 따른 요일 변수가 소비자들의 메뉴 선택에 얼마나 기여하는 지를 중점적으로 규명하고자 하였다. 분석은 '식신'의 사용자가 메뉴 검색을 하고 매장을 선택하고 조회하는 데이터를 연구 자료로 활용하였다. 여기에 기상청에서 제공하는 일별 날씨 데이터를 대입하여 분석을 수행하였다. 특히 강수, 적설, 운량에 따른 날씨 변수와 계절, 휴일에 따른 요일 변수로 나누어 연구 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 통해 날씨와 요일 변수가 사용자의 메뉴 검색에 유의미한 영향을 미친다는 결과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 본 연구 결과를 활용하면 외식산업 시장에서의 우위를 다질 수 있는 소상공인, 마케팅 종사자, 기타 관련자에게 많은 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.462-476
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• 2007

This study aimed to develop a nutrition education internet program for correcting the eating-out behaviorial problems of youth. A survey was performed to investigate the eating-out behavior patterns of youth by questionnaires. A nutrition education program was developed on the basis of the survey results, and evaluated by teenagers. The results of the developed homepage are summarized as follows: The contents of this program (www.health14.net) consist of '${\times}$ Health (Teenager, My Health, Healthy life, Beautiful life)', '+ Nutrition (To find slow foods, Fast foods campaign, Selecting fast foods, The best menu for eating-out, Recipes for health, Golden bell nutrition quiz)', '${\div}$ Information (Diet mini-homepage, Q & A, My knowhow, Game, Community)' and 'Basic Menu (home, Log in, Information and news, Mini-homepage, Site map, Free bulletin board)'. It can be used as educational material for dietary behaviorial changes in school. Also teachers and parents could get information on eating-out menus. Through this site, we anticipate contributing to nutritional health promotion by correcting the eating-out habits of youth.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.97-118
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• 2004

As the economy grows rapidly and the national income level increases, the service industry has become more important and its size gets larger. Especially, the food industry undertakes a continuing growth of consumer expenditures through no nationalization of food, consumers varying patterns of eating out, and individualization. However, it includes many problems with improving service quality towards customers owing to the absence of systems and philosophy to realize customer satisfaction management Therefore, this study conducted a study with Korean traditional restaurant customers to measure their perceived service quality, to verify what factors most influence consumer satisfaction, and to suggest ways to meet the costumer needs by integrating the study results and developing high service quality. To sum up the results of this study, Korean traditional restaurant visitors evaluated three dimensions of service quality overall favorably. Interestingly, background music received a lower level of satisfaction. This implies that the Korean traditional restaurant managers do not do a fine performance in managing music as an ambient element to evoke the atmosphere of the restaurant. Customers showed a lower satisfaction with menu price among the factors measuring product quality. As a result of this study, several suggestions have been made as follows: First, it is necessary for the Korean traditional restaurants to provide systematic employee training to instigate a service culture of customer focus. Secondly, it is important to develop traditional foods using ingredients produced in the region based on a literature review of food in Gyeongju, Silla. Thirdly, it is an urgent task to develop regional menus to revitalize the restaurant business. Fourthly, it is important to provide safety food through systematic sanitary administration. Lastly, it is necessary to limit the number of menu items and attempt specialization of them. Such an attempt with specialized menu items will help their food taste and quality improve and thereby reduce inventory burdens. However, this study has a few limitations. Since this study conducted a survey of the restaurants which provides only Korean traditional food in Gyeongju, not all the restaurants in it, there is a limitation in measuring customer satisfaction with service quality. Therefore, the study results cannot be generalized to all the restaurants in Gyeongju and the nation. Finally, this study suggests that studies on the relationships between customer satisfaction and menu price and customer value system or further customer satisfaction studies with Korean traditional restaurants should be continued.