• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we proposed a new hardware architecture for calculating digital holograms at high speed, and verified it with field programmable gate array (FPGA). First, we rearranged memory scheduling and algorithm of computer generated hologram (CGH), and then introduced pipeline technique into CGH process. Finally we proposed a high-performance CGH processor. The hardware was implemented for the target of FPGA, which calculates a unit region of holograms, and it was verified using a hardware environment of NI Inc. and a FPGA of Xilinx Inc. It can generate a hologram of $16{\times}16$ size, and it takes about 4 sec for generating a hologram of a $1,024{\times}1,024$ size, using 6K point sources.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2021

Salt and pepper is a type of impulse noise. It may appear due to an error in the image transmission process and image storage memory. This noise changes the pixel value at any position in the image to 0 (in case of pepper noise) or 255 (in case of salt noise). In this paper, we present an algorithm for SAP noise reduction. The proposed method consists of three steps. In the first step, the location of the SAP noise is detected, and in the second step, the pixel value of the detected location is restored using a weighted average of the surrounding pixel values. In the last step, a reliability matrix around the reconstructed pixels is constructed, and additional correction is performed with a weighted average using this. As a result of the experiment, the proposed method appears to have similar or higher objective and subjective image quality than previous methods for almost all SAP noise ratios.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.633-636
• /
• 2022

The reduction of energy consumption at the base station (BS) has become more important recently. In this paper, we consider the adaptive muting of the antennas based on the predicted future traffic load to reduce the energy consumption where the number of active antennas is adaptively adjusted according to the predicted future traffic load. Given that traffic load is sequential data, three different RNN structures, namely long-short term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) are considered for the future traffic load prediction. Through the performance evaluation based on the actual traffic load collected from the Afghanistan telecom company, we confirm that the traffic load can be estimated accurately and the overall power consumption can also be reduced significantly using the antenna musing.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2010

Three-dimensional (3-D) integration is an emerging technology, which vertically stacks and interconnects multiple materials, technologies, and functional components such as processor, memory, sensors, logic, analog, and power ICs into one stacked chip to form highly integrated micro-nano systems. Since CMOS device scaling has stalled, 3D integration technology allows extending Moore's law to ever high density, higher functionality, higher performance, and more diversed materials and devices to be integrated with lower cost. The potential benefits of 3D integration can vary depending on approach; increased multifunctionality, increased performance, increased data bandwidth, reduced power, small form factor, reduced packaging volume, increased yield and reliability, flexible heterogeneous integration, and reduced overall costs. It is expected that the semiconductor industry's paradiam will be shift to a new industry-fusing technology era that will offer tremendous global opportunities for expanded use of 3D based technologies in highly integrated systems. Anticipated applications start with memory, handheld devices, and high-performance computers and extend to high-density multifunctional heterogeneous integration of IT-NT-BT systems. This paper attempts to introduce new 3D integration technologies of the chip self-assembling stacking and 3D heterogeneous opto-electronics integration for realizng the super-chip.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.225-235
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study is a descriptive and secondary analytical study that uses panel data to analysis of unmet healthcare needs and risk factors for improving life care of osteoporosis patients. Methods: The subjects of this study were 941 patients who were diagnosed with osteoporosis using Korea Medical Panel 2015 data(β-version 1.0). Data analysis was performed using Chi-Square and logistic regression using SPSS/win 22.0. Results: The unmet healthcare needs of osteoporosis patients were 22.6%. The factors of unmet healthcare needs were education level and age in Model I of demographic factors, and eating problems, memory problems, activity limitation, and disability in Model II. In Model III, which added socio-psychological factors, eating problems, memory problems, Total family income, and pain/Discomfort were identified. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it should be considered in the planning of medical policies to improve the life care of osteoporosis patients, and it is necessary to improve access to medical services and to prevent and mediate realistically to reduce unmet healthcare needs.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
• /
• v.2 no.8
• /
• pp.1089-1098
• /
• 2001

Structure information contained in a structured document supports various access paths to document. In order to use structure information contained in a structured document, it is required to construct an index structural on document structures. Content indexing and structure indexing per document require high memory overhead. Therefore, processing of pure structure queries based on document structure like relationship between elements or element orders, low memory overhead for indexing are required. This paper suggests the GDIT(Global Document Instance Tree) data structure and indexing scheme about structure of document which supports low memory overhead for indexing and powerful types of user queries. The structure indexing scheme only index the lowest level element of document and does not effect number of document having retrieval element. Based on the index structure, we propose an query processing algorithm about pure structure, proof the indexing schemes keeps up indexing efficient in terms of space. The proposed index structure bases GDR concept and uses index technique based on GDIT.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
• /
• v.36S no.12
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 1999

In this paper, we present an ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit) design of wavelet transform filter Wavelet transform is used in lots of application fields which include image compression, because it has an excellent energy compaction. The operation characteristic and performance of wavelet transform filter are analyzed by using verilog-HDL(Hardware Description Language). In this paper, the designed wavelet transform filter uses line memory to improve data processing rate. Generally, when it reads and writes data of DRAM by using Fast Page Mode, input and output processing is very fast in horizontal direction but substantially slow in vertical direction. The use of line memory solves this low speed processing problem. As a result, though the size of the chip is getting larger, processing time for an image frame becomes 4.66ms. Generally, since the limit of 1 frame processing time on the data of TV video is 33ms, so it is appropriate for TV video.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.1B
• /
• pp.10-15
• /
• 2009

Recently, there are tendency that wireless sensor network is one of the important techniques for the future IT industry and thereby application areas in it are getting growing. Researches based on the hierarchical network topology are evaluated in good at energy efficiency in related protocols for wireless sensor network. LEACH is the best well known routing protocol for the hierarchical topology. However, there are problems in the range of message broadcasting, which should be expand into the overall network coverage, in LEACH related protocols. Thereby, this paper proposes a new clustering scheme to solve the co-shared problems in them. The basic idea of our scheme is using the inherent memory restrictions in sensor nodes. The results show that the proposed scheme could support the load balancing by distributing the clusters with a reasonable number of member nodes and thereby the network life time would be extended in about 1.8 times longer than LEACH.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.283-292
• /
• 2019

The loss of semantic knowledge and impairments in semantic associations by semantic category is gaining increasing attention, as indicators of early-stage cognitive decline. As such, we assigned semantic association task (SAT) to normal elderly (NE) and those with subjective memory impairment (SMI) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to examine their performance by semantic subcategories and the differences in error patterns. We found a significant difference in the number of correct response and reaction time under the SAT categories among the three groups, with the highest performance observed in 'function' and the lowest performance in 'superordinate' and 'part/whole'. Moreover, the error frequency was the lowest in NE, followed by those with SMI and MCI, with the latter two groups showing a significant increase in no-response. Our findings demonstrate the varying extent and process of impairments in the semantic network by category over different stages of cognitive decline. Thus, we proposed SAT performance as an indicator to detect and follow-up on cognitive decline in elderly with cognitive disorder.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.1003-1006
• /
• 2004

In this paper have developed a system for monitoring and processing the real time sensor data in remote site through network. For realizing this system, measurement equipment and protocol are used to transmit the measurement data to remote server and to process measurement data. In server part, the received data from remote site sensor is converted to text or graphic charts for user. The measurement device in sensor part receives the sensor data form sensor and store the received data to its internal memory for transmitting data to server part through Internet. Also the measurement device can receive data form server. The temperature sensor is connected to the measurement device located in laboratory and the measurement device measures temperature of laboratory which can be confirmed by user through Internet. We have developed a server programworking on the Linux to store measurement data from measurement device to server memory. The program is use for SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol) to exchange data with measurement device. Also the program changes the measurement data into text and graphic charts for user display. The program is use apache PHP program for user display and inquiry. The real time temperature measurement system can be apply for many parts of industry and living.