• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.495-500
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• 2018

This study examined the factors that can enhance the continuity of user experience in multi - device environment. First of all, regarding the structural difference and continuity of tasks, functional differences such as OS difference according to the characteristics of cross media, use of mouse and touch gesture were found to interfere with continuity. To increase continuity, metaphor and ambience To increase relevance and visibility. In the continuity part of visual memory and cognition, familiarity was given by the identity and similarity of visual perception elements, and it was found that familiarity factors are closely related to continuity. Finally, for the continuity of the user experience, we can see that the visibility factors as well as the meaning and layout consistency of the information are factors for the continuity of the user experience. Based on this, it was found that familiarity, consistency, and correlation were significant influences on continuity dimension of user experience, but visibility did not have a significant effect on continuity when regression analysis was conducted as factors of familiarity, consistency, correlation and visibility.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2013

The elderly population continues to increase in Korea and there has been a growing interest in understanding normal aging. In response to this public interest, the present paper reviewed human aging research focusing on recently published neuroimaging studies. For the first half of the paper, I reviewed the effects of aging on the brain and cognition. In normal aging, structural changes in the brain include atrophy and volume reduction in the prefrontal and temporal cortices. Functional changes are exhibited in the form of overactivation of the brain. Moreover, age-related cognitive decline is particularly observed in inhibition and memory, which are also associated with the age-related structural changes in the brain. For the second half of the paper, I introduced physical exercise studies showing that exercise played a protective role in the age-related neurocognitive decline. More specifically, engaging in physical exercise (particularly, aerobic exercise) for a relatively long period of time (e. g., > 6 mon.) protected older adults from volume loss in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, and induced better inhibition and memory. These exercise-induced benefits appear to be associated with changes in neuronal levels, indicating that the aging brain is still plastic and this plasticity can be enhanced by physical exercise.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.487-515
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the individual differences in cognitive processes on paragraph comprehension. To do so, the lexical decision task and the pattern comparison task were used to measure the low-level cognitive processes. Digit span task was used to test the phonological loop capacity. The individual differences of the central executive processing capacity were measured by operational span task. Reading span task was used to test the working memory capacity related with the sentence processing. Reading times and accuracies of the logically valid inferences and logically void inferences were tested to measure the high-level cognitive processes. Reading times and accuracies for the target sentences with and without prior explicit causal sentence were measured to test individuals' paragraph comprehension abilities. The results showed that the speed of the low-level cognitive processes was related with the speed of the high-level cognitive processes. Also, the accuracy of the low-level cognitive processes was related with the accuracy of the high-level cognitive processes while there was no significant correlation between the speed and the accuracy in any measures of the cognitive processes. Working memory capacity was related with the accuracy of the cognitive processes while it was not significantly correlated with the speed of the cognitive processes. Most importantly, the speed of low-level cognitive processes significantly affected the speed of the paragraph comprehension while the working memory capacity and the high-level cognitive processes had influences on the accuracies of the paragraph comprehension. The speed of the paragraph comprehension had no influence on the accuracies of the paragraph comprehension.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.119-123
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: The influence of music training on different areas of the brain has been extensively researched, but the underlying neurobehavioral mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, the effects of training for more than three years in Carnatic music (an Indian form of music) on the discrimination ability of different areas of the brain were tested using P300 analysis at three electrode placement sites. Subjects and Methods: A total of 27 individuals, including 13 singers aged 16-30 years (mean±standard deviation, 23±3.2 years) and 14 non-singers aged 16-30 years (mean age, 24±2.9 years), participated in this study. The singers had 3-5 years of formal training experience in Carnatic music. Cortical activities in areas corresponding to attention, discrimination, and memory were tested using P300 analysis, and the tests were performed using the Intelligent Hearing System. Results: The mean P300 amplitude of the singers at the Fz electrode placement site (5.64±1.81) was significantly higher than that of the non-singers (3.85±1.60; t(25)=3.3, p<0.05). The amplitude at the Cz electrode placement site in singers (5.90±2.18) was significantly higher than that in non-singers (3.46±1.40; t(25)=3.3, p<0.05). The amplitude at the Pz electrode placement site in singers (4.94±1.89) was significantly higher than that in non-singers (3.57±1.50; t(25)=3.3, p<0.05). Among singers, the mean P300 amplitude was significantly higher in the Cz site than the other placement sites, and among non-singers, the mean P300 amplitude was significantly higher in the Fz site than the other placement sites, i.e., music training facilitated enhancement of the P300 amplitude at the Cz site. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that more than three years of training in Carnatic singing can enhance neural coding to discriminate subtle differences, leading to enhanced discrimination abilities of the brain, mainly in the generation site corresponding to Cz electrode placement.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.119-123
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: The influence of music training on different areas of the brain has been extensively researched, but the underlying neurobehavioral mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, the effects of training for more than three years in Carnatic music (an Indian form of music) on the discrimination ability of different areas of the brain were tested using P300 analysis at three electrode placement sites. Subjects and Methods: A total of 27 individuals, including 13 singers aged 16-30 years (mean±standard deviation, 23±3.2 years) and 14 non-singers aged 16-30 years (mean age, 24±2.9 years), participated in this study. The singers had 3-5 years of formal training experience in Carnatic music. Cortical activities in areas corresponding to attention, discrimination, and memory were tested using P300 analysis, and the tests were performed using the Intelligent Hearing System. Results: The mean P300 amplitude of the singers at the Fz electrode placement site (5.64±1.81) was significantly higher than that of the non-singers (3.85±1.60; t(25)=3.3, p<0.05). The amplitude at the Cz electrode placement site in singers (5.90±2.18) was significantly higher than that in non-singers (3.46±1.40; t(25)=3.3, p<0.05). The amplitude at the Pz electrode placement site in singers (4.94±1.89) was significantly higher than that in non-singers (3.57±1.50; t(25)=3.3, p<0.05). Among singers, the mean P300 amplitude was significantly higher in the Cz site than the other placement sites, and among non-singers, the mean P300 amplitude was significantly higher in the Fz site than the other placement sites, i.e., music training facilitated enhancement of the P300 amplitude at the Cz site. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that more than three years of training in Carnatic singing can enhance neural coding to discriminate subtle differences, leading to enhanced discrimination abilities of the brain, mainly in the generation site corresponding to Cz electrode placement.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.527-539
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• 2018

Cognitive decline in aging is known to yield detrimental effects in syntactic processing and working memory capacity is the most crucial cognitive function in understanding older adults' sentence processing skills. This study examined how young and older adults utilize contextual information while resolving NP-attached Ps vis word-by-word self-paced reading paradigm. In addition, the study asked which cognitive functions play roles on the use of a NP-supporting context during processing of NP-attached PP. When NP-attached PP was presented in a supporting context, both age groups performed faster than in the null context condition. Among different cognitive functions, alternating attention skills were correlated with the ability utilizing context during syntactic ambiguity resolution and working memory capacity was not found to be crucial for this study. In conclusion, this study suggests that aging does not always affect older adults' syntactic processing negatively and relevant cognitive function may vary depending on the type of syntactic structure.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.359-373
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• 2015

Cognitive reserve(CR) is the ability to optimize or maximize performance through complementary brain networks. CR is relevant to normal aging in cognitive-linguistic abilities. There are few domestic systematic reviews or meta-analyses that analyze the relationships between multiple CR and cognitive-linguistic domains in healthy older people. This meta-analysis included 32 studies published since 2000. In result, education level topped the list, followed by the occupation, cognitively stimulating activities, and the multilingualism. Most studies were related to memory, global cognition, and language. CR had a modest positive association with cognitive-linguistic performance. Multiple domains including memory and language also showed the significant correlations across most measures of CR. This study provides evidence-based information to support cognitive-linguistic ability in normal aging.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2005

Purpose:We investigated the effect of menopausal duration on cognitive function using adjunctive hormone replacement therapy(HRT) in postmenopausal women with depression. Method:Twelve postmenopausal women with depressive disorder were enrolled. Six patients having menopausal duration of less than 3 years was assigned to the short duration group and six patients of more than 3 years to the long duration group. Each patient was treated with conjugated equine estrogen(1.25mg) plus medroxyprogesterone(5mg) for 8 weeks. Cognitive performance was measured by the Verbal Memory Test, Visual Memory Test, Trail Making Test, Digit Symbol Test, and Attention Shift Test. The Beck Depression Inventory was used for evaluation of depressed mood. The reproductive hormone levels were also measured. Results:The long duration group showed the lower performance only in Trail Making Test B compared with the short duration group at baseline. After 8 weeks, the long duration group performed significantly better in the Trail Making Test B compared with the short duration group. The differences in change of depressive mood and gonadal hormone level between two groups were not significant. Conclusion:Menopausal duration before HRT may influence the effect of estrogen on cognition in some cognitive domains. This might be related with estrogen receptor hypersensitivity which induced by the longer estrogen deficiency.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Objective: This study is to analyze the factor affecting elderly's speed of mobile phone ability. Method: Sixty healthy senior citizens who live in Kim-hye participated in Cognition, Visual perception, Speed of mobile phone ability and the collected data was analyzed by an independent multiple regression analysis. Result: The findings can be summarized as follows; 1. Although men were faster than women while using mobile phone, there was little satisfical significance(p<0.05). 2. Although people in their sixties were faster than people in their seventies while using mobile phone, there was minial difference(p<0.05). 3. The primary factor which affect mobile phone using speed is figure ground, visual memory, visual processing and the most beneficial discovery in the entire project is figure ground(p<0.05). Conclusion: The result of study showed that in order to enhance figure ground, visual memory, visual processing in mobile phone using speed. These results will be consider useful for elderly's mobile phone ability.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.145-172
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• 2011

Prospective memory (PM) is memory for activities to be performed in the future, such as remembering to purchase a piece of fruit on the way home or remembering to give someone a telephone message. Theoretically, PM retrieval can be accomplished either by controlled monitoring of intended action or by a more automatic process that spontaneously responds to the presence of intended event. The present study examined the effect of meta-cognitive awareness in PM retrieval process. In Experiment 1, we manipulated PM condition with a salient cue to stimulate participants' meta-cognitive awareness. Results showed the salient cue condition spontaneously triggered remembering to perform an intended action. In Experiment 2, we manipulated participants' meta-cognitive awareness about PM task difficulty and about the degree to which cognitive capacity is required to realize the PM task. Results showed that PM retrieval process varied with meta-cognitive awareness (i.e., more resources were allocated if the PM task was expected to be difficult). These results imply that participants' meta-cognitive awareness play an important role in PM retrieval process.