• 멤브레인
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.381-390
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 고순도의 모데나이트(Mordenite) 입자를 합성하기 위하여 천연 제올라이트를 시드로 사용하여 시드의 농도 및 수열합성 시간에 따른 천연 제올라이트 시드가 합성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 시드가 입자의 형성에 큰 영향을 끼치는 것을 확인할 수 있었고 시드를 3 g/100 g batch 주입하여 $140^{\circ}C$에서 72시간 동안 수열합성을 진행하였을 때 $1-2{\mu}m$ 사이즈의 고순도 모데나이트 입자를 합성할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 모데나이트 입자의 성장 기구를 규명할 수 있었으며, 모데나이트 입자 형성에 있어 시드는 첫째, 구형 모데나이트 전구체 형성 자리 공급의 역할과, 둘째 모데나이트 원료 물질 소스 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 합성된 모데나이트 입자의 가스 흡착량 분석 결과 $CO_2$ 기체의 흡착량이 97.19 mg/g로 다른 가스들에 비해 비교적 높은 흡착성능을 보였으며, $CO_2/H_2$의 선택도가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 용도에 맞는 고순도 상의 모데나이트 입자를 합성할 수 있음을 확인하였고 보다 낮은 가격으로 우수한 분리성능을 갖는 분리막 소재개발에 활용할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.413-419
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• 2019

최근 화석연료기반에서 친환경 수소 기반의 청정에너지원으로 전환되는 세계적 흐름에 따라, 수소연료전지의 고성능 저가격 핵심 소재 기술 개발에 많은 관심이 이루어지고 있다. 그 가운데 연료전지의 전해질로 사용되는 강화복합막의 기술 도입은 과불소계 술폰산 이오노머(Perfluorosulfonic acid, PFSA) 양의 감소 및 막 두께 감소를 통한 가격 저감 및 셀 저항 감소, 치수 안정성 개선 그리고 계면 안정성에 대한 확보가 가능하여 최종적으로 연료전지 성능 향상과 가격절감이 동시에 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 연료전지용 불소계 전해질 강화복합막 코팅 공정에서 이오노머 분산용매에 따라 막 형성 및 물성 변화와 연료전지 성능에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.325-335
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• 2013

The study was set for one year to measure the effects of concentrate supplementation on reproductive performances and semen quality in indigenous rams. The study was conducted at the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period from May 2011 to April 2012. Forteen ram lambs (4~5 months) were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=7); supplemented vs control. The animals of control group were maintained on natural grazing. Along with natural grazing the supplemented group was on supplemented feeding. The concentrate supplementation (Wheat bran, Crushed maize, Soy bean meal, Fish meal, DCP powder, Vitamin mineral premix, Salt) was provided @ 300 g/head /day to the supplemented group. Body weight, scrotal circumference, BCS and libido index were measured weekly. Age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty were recorded. Semen was collected once in a weak using artificial vagina and chilled at $5^{\circ}C$ for 48h for evaluation. Concentrate supplementation did not influence (p>0.05) body condition score, age, weight, scrotal circumference at puberty and libido index. Final body weight (kg), growth rate (g/d), scrotal circumference (cm) and scrotal growth rate (mm/15d) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in supplemented group of rams compared to control. Volume, concentration, motility and membrane potentiality of spermatozoa were varied significantly (p<0.05) in supplemented and control groups. However, density, mass motility, viability and sperm with normal acrosome, midpiece and tail were not differed insignificantly (p>0.05) in different observation times. It was concluded that concentrate supplementation with free grazing improved weight and scrotal circumference gain and semen production with increased quality in indigenous ram.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.113-123
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 개선된 degenerated 쉘 유한요소의 탄소성 및 기하학적 비선형 해석에의 적용성을 고찰하였다. 본 연구의 개선된 degenerated 쉘요소는 shear locking 해결에 우수한 결과를 보인 가정된 전단변형도를 대치사용하고, membrance locking 현상을 제거하기위해 평면내 변형도의 구성시 감차적분을 행하며, 쉘요소 자체의 거동을 보완하기위해 비적합변위형을 선택적으로 추가하였다. 본 요소는 shear/membrance locking이 발생하지 않으며, 전달가능한 거짓 영에너지모드도 나타나지않는다. 소성변형 정형화에서는 적층모델을 사용하며, 재료는 von Mises항복조건을 따른다고 가정한다. 유한변형을 고려한 기하학적 비선형 방정식을 total lagrangian수식화를 사용하여 정형화 하였고, 비선형 방정식은 하중제어 및 변위제어법을 사용한 Newton-Raphson 반복법으로 반복 계산한다. 여러 예제해석을 통하여 본 개선된 degenerated 쉘 유한요소의 정확도를 고찰하였다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.694-702
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• 2014

One of the most important devices in an underwater vessel is a propulsion system. It should be a quiet and efficient system for stealthy operations in the large mission area. Hence lead-acid battery system has been used to supply the energy to electric motor. Recent technological developments and improvements, such as polymer electrolyte membrane(PEM) fuel cell and lithium polymer battery and have created the potential to improve overall power and propulsion performance. An underwater vessel always starts their mission with a limited energy and is not easy to refuel. Therefore design of energy elements, such as fuel cell and battery, and their load distribution are important to increase the maximum operating time of underwater vessel. In this paper, the lead-acid battery/PEM fuel cell and lithium polymer battery/PEM fuel cell were suggested as propulsion system and their performances were analyzed by modeling and simulation using Matlab/Simulink. Each model concentrated on representing the characteristics of energy element depending on demand current. As a result the effect of load distribution between battery and fuel cell was evaluated and the operation time of each propulsion system was able to be estimated exactly.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2016

A combined system with PEMFC and reformer is introduced and optimized for the real use of this kind of system in the future. The hydrogen source to operate the PEMFC system is methanol, which needs two parts of methanol reforming reaction and preferential oxidation (PROX) for the hydrogen fuel process in the combined operation PEMFC system. With the optimized methanol steam reforming condition, we tested PROX reactions in various operation temperature from 170 to 270 ℃ to investigate CO concentration data in the reformed gases. Using these different CO concentration, PEMFC performances are achieved at the combined system. Pt/C and Ru promoted Pt/C were catalysts were used for the anode to compare the stability in CO contained gases. The alloy catalyst of PtRu/C shows higher performance and better resistance to CO than the Pt/C at even high CO amount of 200 ppm, indicating a promotion not only to the activity but also to the CO tolerance. Furthermore, in a system point of view, there is a fluctuation in the PEMFC operation due to the unstable fuel supply. Therefore, we also modified the methanol reforming by a scaled up reactor and pressurization to produce steady operation of PEMFC. The optimized system with the methanol reformer and PEMFC shows a stable performance for a long time, which is providing a valuable data for the PEMFC commercialization.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.670-676
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• 2016

Hydrogen town in Republic of Korea was established in 2013. Hydrogen as a byproduct produced by various processes of factories is used in hydrogen town facilities. As cell performance is affected by contaminations in fuel gas, various standards about impurities of fuel have been determined by many countries. This study shows performance degradation of single cell with impurities concentrations. Traces of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$)can cause considerable cell performance losses. For comparing the performances by poisoning of CO, acceleration test, I-V curve, constant current are performed. Both the CO and $H_2S$ poisoning rate are a function of their concentration. With the higher concentrations the higher poisoning rates are observed. And, it was confirmed that, oxidation behavior and side reaction generation are not affected. Under the lower $H_2S$ concentration condition, the poisoning rate is much higher than that of CO because of its different adsorption intensity. It can be possible that the result of this study can be used for enacting regulation as a baseline data.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2017

유기성폐기물의 수열처리 기술은 고온에서 운전하여 에너지 소비가 큰 열분해 탄화기술의 단점을 보완하기 위한 방법으로, 세포벽을 파괴하여 탈수성을 향상시켜 탈수공정에서 함수율을 약 40% 수준까지 낮출 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있어 유기성폐기물의 고형연료화 분야에서 전 세계적으로 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 수열처리가 유기성폐기물의 건조효율에 미치는 영향에 대하여 평가하였다. 대상물질로는 대표적인 유기성폐기물인 하수슬러지와 음식물류폐기물을 이용하여 $200^{\circ}C$에서 1시간동안 수열처리한 후 건조효율 변화를 관찰하였다. 유기성폐기물은 수열처리 후에 건조시간이 단축되어 $100^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 음식물류폐기물의 경우 원시료보다 건조시간이 52.9% 감소하였다. 따라서 수열탄화 반응이 하수슬러지와 음식물류폐기물의 건조효율을 상승시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 건조특성곡선의 예열기간에서 건조속도가 원시료 대비하여 각각 148%($80^{\circ}C$ 하수슬러지), 151%($100^{\circ}C$ 하수슬러지), 209%($80^{\circ}C$ 음식물류폐기물), 366%($100^{\circ}C$ 음식물류폐기물)로 모든조건에서 증가되는 것으로 보아 수열반응에서 세포벽이 파괴되면서 표면적이 늘어났음을 간접적으로 파악할 수 있었다. 건조시간이 단축됨에 따라 한계함수율이 높아져 감율건조기간이 증가하였으므로 이에 주의하여야 하며, 탄화정도에 따라 건조효율이 더 개선될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.778-782
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• 2009

Recently, we developed a simple thermopneumatic micropump having neither a membrane nor a valve. This micropump discharges liquid by a thermopneumatic pressure and refill by a capillary attraction. In case of the micropump driven by the capillary attraction, the flow characteristic depends mainly on the geometry of the micropump. In this paper, we investigated the influence of the geometry of the micropump on the performance of the micropump to illustrate the properness of the micropump shape. We analyzed the micropump characteristics of six types having different geometries by FVM simulation with a commercial CFD tool. Also we fabricated the micropumps with PDMS and glass by micromachining, and tested the performances. The simulation and the test results illustrate that the discharge volume and the discharge time depend on the chamber volume. The expansion angle of the inlet channel location has influence on the refill time, while the front air channel direction has influence on the backward flow loss.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.413-416
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• 2006

PtRu catalyst is most widely used as anode catalyst for a direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC). To promote the efficiency of the catalysts, it Is important to increase the triple phase boundary. In this study, we have tried to increase the triple phase boundaries in preparing electrocatalysts of the fuel cells, based on the process of grafting a proton-conducting agent onto the catalyst This grafted proton-conducting agent can act as an ionomer like Nafion, currently widely used ionomer. First, we have prepared the 80wt% PtRu/Ketjen Black electrocatalyst by an improved colloidal method. And, we have grafted methylsulfonate groups $(-CH_2SO_3H)$ into the catalyst as proton-conducting agents. As results of cyclic voltammety and single cell test of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), we can conclude that the activity of the grafted electrocatalysts is superior to that of conventional ones, in performance of DMFCs. For our further study, we will investigate the optimum ratio of catalyst/grafted proton conduct Ing agent with maximum performance of a DMFC.