• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1192-1199
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• 2019

The intention of this study was to confirm the possible use of an ethanol extracts of Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Nodus (NRN) as a cosmetic material. To this end, we extracted NRN with 70% ethanol and performed biological activity evaluation of whitening efficacy and wrinkle reduction. We performed cellular tyrosinase inhibition and melanin contents assay to check the whitening activity of NRN and carried out a toxicity evaluation of NRN via an MTT assay and the amounts of associated proteins that affect melanin production in a melanoma cell line (B16F10). And collagenase inhibitory assay was performed for the evaluation of anti-wrinkle of samples. In addition, a toxicity evaluation using an MTT assay and matrix metalloprotease (MMP-1) and procollagen synthesis inhibition by NRN were evaluated in a fibroblast cell line (CCD-986sk). Western blot results for the whitening activity evaluation revealed that the levels of two proteins related to melanin production, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2), were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, collagenase inhibition activity at a concentration of $500{\mu}g/ml$ NRN by measuring epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was increased by more than 80% compared to the control group. Meanwhile, procollagen synthesis was reduced by 68.8% in the UVB-induced CCD- 986sk cells group whereas collagen synthesis recovered by 80.2% with $25{\mu}g/ml$ NRN. The MMP-1 expression rate showed 20.2% reduction at $25{\mu}g/ml$. The results of the experiments verified the whitening and wrinkle suppression effects of NRN and confirmed that it could be used as a safe natural cosmetic material in the future.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.183-185
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• 2002

To investigate skin whitening natural substances, the effects on melanogenesis by measuring the tyrosinase activity and the melanin contents of three hydrolysable tannins, $1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$ (1), 2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose (2) and pedunculagin (3) in B16 melanoma cells were examined. $1,2,6-Tri-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$ (1), 2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose (2) and pedunculagin (3) inhibited tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2021

Peptides are short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They are widely used as effective and biocompatible active ingredients in cosmetic industry. In this study, we developed novel peptide mixture and identified its anti-pigmentation effect on melanocytes and keratinocytes. Our results revealed that peptide mixture inhibited melanosome biogenesis through the regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, a key factor of melanogenesis in melanocytes. And we observed that peptide mixture inhibited melanosome uptake through the reduction of protease-activated receptor 2, a phagocytosis-related receptor in keratinocytes. Furthermore, peptide mixture activated autophagy system resulting in degradation of transferred melanosomes in keratinocytes. The anti-pigmentation effect of multi-targeting peptide mixture was assessed in a human skin equivalent model (MelanoDerm). Melanin contents in epidermal layer were significantly decreased by topical treatment of peptide mixture, suggesting that it can be applied as a novel cosmetics material having a whitening function.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.341-352
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• 2021

Acerola is an excellent ingredient because of its high natural vitamin C content, but it is difficult to stabilize and has hardly been studied as a cosmetic material. Therefore, this study developed a mixed liposome preparation for stabilizing acerola extract. As a safety test, the skin irritation test was evaluated by BCOP assay and HET-CAM assay. We evaluated the inhibition of tyrosinase activity, the whitening effect of melanin production, and the wrinkle effect of prochloragentype-I C-peptide production, and confirmed the possibility of functional cosmetics. In addition, a cream of liposomes containing acerola extract mixture was developed to evaluate the clinical studies of skin wrinkles and whitening. BCOP assay, HET-CAM assay and human skin primary irritation test results of liposomes containing acerola extract mixture showed no irritation and were safe from skin and eye. The result of tyrosinase activity by 75.8% at 1,000 ㎍/mL. As a result of the melanogenesis inhibition test, liposome with acerola extract showed the melanin content by 46.2% at 1,000 ㎍/mL that does not effect the viability of the B16F10 cell line. The result of collagen production test using ELISA kit, liposomes containing acerola extract mixture showed collagen synthesis ability by 152.1% at 1,000 ㎍/mL that does not affect the viability of the HS68 cell line. But it did not showed any inhibition of collagenase (MMP-1) activity at all concentrations in the MMP-1 activity inhibition test in the HS68 cell line. We performed clinical studies for the whitening and skin-wrinkle activity of cream containing acerola extract mixes liposome, was showed that the melanin contents and wrinkle was statistically significant reduction. These results suggest that liposomes containing acerola extract mixture have safe natural material, and skin wrinkle, whitening effects allowing their application in cosmetics as a natural product.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 1990

The albinic phenomenon of flat-fish (Paralichthys olivaceus) was investigated by measuring protein content, tyrosinase activity, amino acid composition, and contents of vitamin A and C. These materials in the flat-fish feed-stuff were also tested. The amount of skin protein was higher than that of muscle in normal flat-fish. Catechol and L-dopa oxidase activity did not differ between normal and albinic flat-fish. The free amino acid of skin in normal flat-fish was 7.5 times that in albinic one. Sulfur-containing amino acid in normal flat-fish was also 6.3 times that in albinic ones. Vitamin A was not detected in both of flat-fish. The content of vitamin C in normal flat-fish was 7.8 times that in albinic one. The contents of protein, sulfur-containing amino acid and vitamin C in micro-encapsulated feed (one commercial feed in Japan) were the highest among the feed-stuff used in this experiment. The melanin formation of flat-fish skin was affected by substrates such as aromatic amino acid and cofactor such as sulfur amino acid.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.325-335
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• 2018

This study is for checking the possibility of ginseng complex as cosmetic materials. For this we carried out biological active evaluation about anti-inflammatory and whitening effects by using ethanol extract of ginseng complex. Samples were prepared by extracting 70% ethanol from each of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (A), Phellinus linteus (B) and Pinus rigida Mill. (C), and mixing them at a ratio of (A) 1 : (B) 1 : (C) 0.5. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the samples in macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells), MTT assay was used to evaluate the toxicity of the samples and the inhibitory activity of nitric oxide production and the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins and genes. To evaluate the whitening effect of the samples in melanoma (B16F10 cell), MTT assay was used to evaluate the toxicity of the sample, cellular tyrosinase inhibition, and melanin contents. The inhibitory activity of nitric oxide in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was 71.2% at $25{\mu}g/mL$ concentration and western blot analysis showed that the expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity showed 36.8% inhibition at $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of ginseng complex and inhibition of melanin contents showed 47.8% inhibition at $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. From the results of the experiment, it was confirmed that the ginseng complex had excellent anti-inflammatory and whitening effect and could be used as a safe natural cosmetic material in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1239-1247
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• 2020

Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch., a native plant of Korea, has been used in Korean traditional medicine in the form of water extract for its capacity to improve blood circulation and for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Since previous research suggests that S. kamtschaticum Fisch. has excellent antioxidant and mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activities, in this study, the root and stem parts of S. kamtschaticum Fisch. are extracted in 70% ethanol (SKS, SKR), fractionated with and in order of n-hexane (SSH), ethyl acetate (SSE, SRE), chloroform (SSC, SRC) and water (SSW, SRW) according to the polarity of each solvent, and tested for its applicability as a cosmetic material. According to the total polyphenol, flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity of each fraction, the contents and scavenging activity of the root extractions (SKR) were higher than those of the stem extractions (SKS), ethyl acetate fractions (SSE, SRE) being the most effective. In addition, ethyl acetate fractions had the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin synthesis inhibition activity used on B16F10 melanoma cells, at the concentration of 10 ㎍/mL. HPLC analysis detected a variety of polyphenols including gallic acid and quercetin. This study suggests the potential role of S. kamtschaticum Fisch. as a natural cosmeceutical material.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.169-177
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• 2011

To evaluate the whitening effect of Camellia sinensis water extract (CSWE), CSWE was treated to melan-a cells. Total polyphenol contents and flavonoid contents of CSWE were 102 mg/g and 87 mg/g, respectively. The electron-donating ability of CSWE revealed a dose-dependent response, showing the excellent ability of 82% at 800 ${\mu}g$/mL, and which was higher than the arbutin (48%). The CSWE significantly (p<0.001) suppressed the melanin synthesis and the development of melanocyte dendrites was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The CSWE significantly (p<0.001) inhibited both intra-cellular and cell-extracted tyrosinase activities. And inhibitory efficacies of CSWE on both melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were significantly (p<0.001) higher than the arbutin. The tyrosinase protein expression was not influenced by arbutin treatment. However, CSWE treatment significantly (p<0.001) reduced it. Both arbutin and CSWE treatment did not influence on mRNA expressions of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 and tyrosinase related protein-2.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.660-664
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• 2018

Honey is known to have a variety of health-promoting effects. Ethyl acetate fractions (EAFs) of four Korean domestic honeys from basswood, Korean raisin, chestnut, and acacia as well as a New Zealand manuka honey were analyzed comparatively to evaluate their antioxidative and antimelanogenic effects. The EAFs of basswood, Korean raisin, and chestnut honey had higher antioxidant capacities and tyrosinase inhibition activities than those of manuka honey. Pretreatment of B16F1 melanoma cells with EAFs at $100{\mu}g/mL$ resulted in relative retention of melanin contents as follows: acacia honey (141.0%)>basswood honey (134.3%)>manuka honey (131.5%)>Korean raisin honey (107.3%)>chestnut honey (88.0%). Intracellular tyrosinase activities of B16F1 melanoma cells were significantly (p<0.05) lowered by EAFs of Korean raisin and chestnut honey than by EAF of manuka honey. Consequently, these results suggest that Korean domestic honeys from different floral sources serve as good sources of antioxidative and antimelanogenic agents.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2016

We evaluated the antioxidant activity and melanogenic effects of black soybean ethanol extracts, including Rhynchosia nulubilis bean ethanol extract (RNBEE), R. nulubilis leaf ethanol extract (RNLEE), R. volubilis bean ethanol extract (RVBEE), and R. volubilis leaf ethanol extract (RVLEE). The total polyphenol contents of RNBEE, RNLEE, RVBEE, and RVLEE were 16.0, 57.7, 365.9, and 260.1 mg/g, respectively. The total flavonoid contents of RNBEE, RNLEE, RVBEE, and RVLEE were 40.4, 91.7, 84.7, and 216.5 mg/g, respectively. The electron-donating abilities of RNBEE, RNLEE, RVBEE, and RVLEE at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were 32.4%, 12.7%, 83.5%, and 84.5%, respectively. RNBEE, RNLEE, RVBEE, and RVLEE at $50{\mu}g/mL$ significantly increased (p < 0.01) melanin contents by 30.4%, 32.1%, 35.5%, and 37.4%, respectively, compared to that of the control. RNBEE, RNLEE, RVBEE, and RVLEE at $50{\mu}g/mL$ significantly increased (p < 0.01) intracellular tyrosinase activity by 18.4%, 21.8%, 21.5%, and 21.1%, respectively, compared to that of the control. These results demonstrated that black soybean ethanol extracts promote melanogenesis in melan-a cells. Among the black soybean ethanol extracts, R. volubilis was found to be more effective than R. nulubilis, and leaf extract was found to be more effective than bean extract. The potential mechanism underlying the hyperpigmentation effects of black soybeans is the promotion of tyrosinase activity.