• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2004

A short peptide corresponding to the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-l Tat protein, Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Arg, was employed to improve the efficiency of cellular uptake of nucleic acids. The peptide was first mixed with a reporter plasmid and then with cationic liposomes to form a tripartite complex of DNA/peptide/liposomes (DPL). Transfection efficiency of the DPL complex was compared with that of the conventional DNA/liposomes (DL) complex. When the DPL complex was formed with various cationic liposomes, DOTAP/DOPE (DP) liposome exhibited superior transfection efficiency to other liposomes tested in vitro. With the inclusion of the peptide, the DPL complex showed much enhanced transfection in various cancer cell lines. Particularly, transfection of the DPL complex in serum increased cellular uptake of a transgene up to 2 fold when compared with that in a serum free condition. Further, when the DPL complex was infused through the ureteric route of a rat, transfection efficiency was shown to be better in reporter gene expression than that obtained with the DL complex. This study shows that the DPL complex that is easy to formulate can be employed for much enhanced cellular uptake of a trans gene.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.331-336
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• 2012

The retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma ($ROR{\gamma}$) plays critical roles in regulation of development, immunity and metabolism. As transcription factor usually forms a protein complex to function, thus capturing and dissecting of the $ROR{\gamma}$ protein complex will be helpful for exploring the mechanisms underlying those functions. After construction of the recombinant tandem affinity purification (TAP) plasmid, pMSCVpuro $ROR{\gamma}$-CTAP(SG), the nuclear localization of $ROR{\gamma}$-CTAP(SG) fusion protein was verified. Following isolation of $ROR{\gamma}$ protein complex by TAP strategy, seven candidate interacting proteins were identified. Finally, the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) were confirmed to interplay with $ROR{\gamma}$ by co-immunoprecipitation. Interference of HSP90 or/and RIP140 genes resulted in dramatically decreased expression of CYP2C8 gene, the $ROR{\gamma}$ target gene. Data from this study demonstrate that HSP90 and RIP140 proteins interact with $ROR{\gamma}$ protein in a complex format and function as co-activators in the $ROR{\gamma}$-mediated regulatory processes of HepG2 cells.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.314-319
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• 2008

Objective: For patients with giant or dissecting aneurysm, multimodal treatment consisting extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery plus clip or coil for parent artery occlusion may be necessary. In this study, the safety and efficacy of multimodal treatment in 15 patients with complex aneurysms were evaluated retrospectively. Methods: From January 1995 to June 2007, the authors treated 15 complex aneurysms that were unable to be clipped or coiled. Among them, nine patitents had unruptured aneurysms and 6 had ruptured aneurysms. Aneurysms were located in the internal cerebral artery (ICA) in 11 patients (4 in the dorsal wall. 4 in the terminal ICA, 1 in the paraclinoid, and 2 in the cavernous ICA), in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 2, and in the posterior circulation in two patients Results: Fifteen patients with complex aneurysms were treated with bypass surgery previously. Thirteen patients were treated with external carotid middle cerebral artery (ECA-MCA) anastomosis, and one patient with superficial temporal to posterior cerebral artery (STA-PCA) and another patient with occipital artery to posterior inferior cerebellar artery (OA-PICA) anastomosis. Parent artery occlusion was then performed with a clip in 9 patients, with a coil in 4, with balloon plus coil in one patient. All 15 aneurysms were successfully treated with clip or coil combined with bypass surgery. Follow-up angiograms showed good patency of anastomotic site in 10 out of 11 patients, and perfusion study showed sufficient perfusion in 6 out of 9 patients. Conclusion: These findings indicate that for patients with complex aneurysms, clip or coil for parent vessel occlusion with additive bypass surgery can successfully exclude the aneurysm from the neurovascular circulatory system.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.28-39
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• 2016

The multi-mixed complex medical care facility consisting of mainly hospital and other associated facilities such as retail, office, accommodation, healthcare services, and so on, is currently recognized as a new segment in the real estate market. This study intends to identify the customer choice criteria for the development of multi-mixed complex medical care facility. Based on literature review and expert consultation, the 3 criteria with 12 sub-criteria for customer choice have been defined. And the AHP methodology has been implemented for the development of relative weight of those criteria depending on the type of facility including 'medical facility', 'supporting facility', 'healthcare service facility' and 'other ancillary facility'. Research findings indicated the implication for the optimal combination of facility development based on the customer choice criteria controlled by facility. Accordingly, this research intends to provide the guidance toward the development of multi-mixed complex medical care facility.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.357-363
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• 2012

Several species belonging to the Gibberella fujikuroi species (Gf ) complex are commonly associated with rice and corn, not only causing serious diseases, but also producing fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins harmful to animals and humans. To characterize the population structure of the putative fumonisin-producing Gf complex in Korea, we obtained 276 candidate isolates from rice and corn harvested in 2009 and 2010 by diagnostic polymerase chain reaction with several specific primer sets. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using multilocus sequences (combined RPB2 and EF1A, totaling 1.6 kb) from these isolates. Among the 135 isolates from rice, F. fujikuroi (teleomorph: G. fujikuroi; 59.3%) and F. proliferatum (G. intermedia; 13.3%) were predominant, followed by F. concentricum (5.9%). Additionally, twenty-five (18.5%) rice isolates belonged in a distinct subclade of F. commune, a non-member of the Gf complex. In contrast, F. verticillioides was the most predominant species (38.3%) among the 141 corn isolates, and followed by F. fujikuroi (27.7%), F. proliferatum (14.9%), F. subglutinans (7.1%), and F. concentricum (2.8%). A single mating type (MAT1-1) was found predominantly among the Gf complex isolates examined. Possible distinct subclades were detected within the populations of F. fujikuroi and F. proliferatum; however, this needs further confirmation. This is the first reported population-level characterization of putative fumonisin-producing Gf complex associated with rice and corn in Korea.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-116
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• 2010

As Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a new and rare illness, medical cause for it has not yet been clearly found out. Nevertheless, the patients continue to file lawsuits for damage compensation against wrongdoers or their insurers, claiming that the cause of the illness is certain actions of the wrongdoers. Moreover, the claim amount reaches to hundreds of millions of won through billions of won unlike other illnesses. Therefore, CRPS has become an important legal issue in the damage compensation lawsuit. Even though the wound is slight, the development and result may be serious in the case of CRPS. As a result, a sharp conflict arises even regarding medical diagnosis of CRPS in the lawsuit. And, even if the medical diagnosis of CRPS is admitted, severe debates occurs with regard to many issues, which include the causation between accident and CRPS in connection with establishment of damage compensation liability and scope of liability like anamnesis, determination standard of aftereffect disability, and scope of admitted aftereffect medical expense in connection with scope of damage compensation. In this study, I will review fundamental medical research on CRPS up to now and discuss principal legal issues in the damage compensation lawsuit focusing on lower court rulings.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2020

The effects of complex Korean medicine treatment including acupotomy, on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are reported in this case study. A 54-year-old woman with diarrheal symptoms that alternatively improved and worsened for many years and worsening abdominal pain visited the emergency room and was diagnosed with IBS; she was admitted for approximately 2 weeks at the Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department of National Medical Center (NMC). Numerical rating scale (NRS), irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life (IBS-QOL), and gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) scores were evaluated on the day of hospitalization, midway through the hospitalization period, and on the day of discharge. Abdominal pain was measured daily using NRS, and the score decreased from 8 at admission to 0 at discharge. The IBS-QOL percentile score improved from 42 points to 100 points. The total GSRS score also improved, from 30 points to 2 points. These results suggest that complex Korean medicine treatment with acupotomy, is useful for treating internal diseases, such as IBS, as well as musculoskeletal disorders.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.230-235
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• 2013

Nephrin, a structural molecule, is also a signaling molecule after phosphorylation. Inhibition of nephrin phosphorylation is correlated with podocyte injury. The PINCH-1-ILK-${\alpha}$-parvin (PIP) complex plays a crucial role in cell adhesion and cytoskeleton formation. We hypothesized that nephrin phosphorylation influenced cytoskeleton and cell adhesion in podocytes by regulating the PIP complex. The nephrin phosphorylation, PIP complex formation, and F-actin in Wistar rats intraperitoneally injected with puromycin aminonucleoside were gradually decreased but increased with time, coinciding with the recovery from glomerular/podocyte injury and proteinuria. In cultured podocytes, PIP complex knockdown resulted in cytoskeleton reorganization and decreased cell adhesion and spreading. Nephrin and its phosphorylation were unaffected after PIP complex knockdown. Furthermore, inhibition of nephrin phosphorylation suppressed PIP complex expression, disorganized podocyte cytoskeleton, and decreased cell adhesion and spreading. These findings indicate that alterations in nephrin phosphorylation disorganize podocyte cytoskeleton and decrease cell adhesion through a PIP complex-dependent mechanism.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.573-584
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of Korean Medicine on post-stroke patients with upper limb pain due to complex regional pain syndrome diagnosed by three-phase bone scan, digital infrared thermal imaging, and International Association for the Study of Pain diagnostic criteria Methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments, visual analogue scale, medical research council grade, Brunnstrom stage of motor recovery, modified Ashworth scale, and Korean modified Barthel index were used. Results: After Korean medical treatments like acupuncture, herb medication, bee-venom therapy and rehabilitation therapy for 4 weeks, upper limb pain was considerably less and function of upper limbs was improved. Conclusions: Korean medical treatments have some good effects on post-stroke patients with complex regional pain syndrome.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.53-64
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• 2004

Objective: This study was to evaluate the influence of stress on Peripheral Facial Paralysis during the complex traditional korean medical treatment. Methods: We investigated 41 cases of patients with Peripheral Facial Paralysis who were given the complex traditional korean medical treatment. one group had stress as main factor, the other group didn't it. we evaluated the treatment effect of each group by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System. Results : 1. In age, sex, lesion, duration of disease, frequency of treatment, duration of treatment, we found that two groups have no significant differences. 2. Pain back of the ear showed the highest frequency in symptoms at onset. 3. Boyangwhanotang showed the highest frequency in oriental herb medicine treatment. 4. As a result of evaluation by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System, treatment score after 2weeks was marked more higher than score before treatment and treatment score after final treatment was more higher than treatment score after 2weeks on each groups. 5. After final treatment, Non-stress group had signficant result on Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System compared with stress group. Conclusion : These results suggested that patient with Non-stress group should be get better than stress group.