• Title/Summary/Keyword: medial rotation

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Influence of Aqua and Balance Exercise on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression in the Substantia Nigra and Functional Recovery in Hemiparkinsonian Rat Model (수중 및 균형 운동이 파킨슨 유발 백서모델에서 중뇌 흑질의 Tyrosine Hydroxylase 발현과 기능 회복에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Hyun-Min;Kim, Bum-Soo
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.143-150
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    • 2011
  • The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exercise on a hemiparkinsonian rat model. Nigrostriatal dopamine cell lesions were produced by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine at the left medial forebrain bundle of rats. In this study, the rats were divided into the following 4 groups: the control group without any exercise, experimental group I with aqua-exercise (Exp I), experimental group II with balance exercise (Exp II) and experimental group III with complex exercise (aqua-exercise+balance exercise; (Exp III)). Exercises were applied to all the experimental groups after the operation. In order to observe the dopaminergic cell loss, we assessed the level of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the midbrain of rats, and performed the apomorphine-induced rotation test at postoperative days (PDs) 7, 14, and 21. Experimental groups had significantly higher TH-immunoreactivity and behavioral performance than the control group. However, there was no difference in TH-immunoreactivity and behavioral performance across the experimental groups. These results suggest that the application of aqua-exercise and balance exercise could suppress dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra of rat brains and could increase behavioral recovery in hemiparkinsonian rats.

Electrical Stimulation Can Facilitate Vestibular Compensation Following Unilateral Labyrinthectomy in Rats

  • Park, Byung-Rim;Kim, Jin-Ok;Kim, Min-Sun;Lee, Moon-Young;Kim, Jae-Hyo;Jin, Yuan-Zhe;Choi, Myung-Ae
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.123-131
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    • 2001
  • To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on vestibular compensation, which is the recovery of vestibular symptoms following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL), intermittent electrical stimulation was applied to the injured vestibular portion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal reflexes, electrical activity and expression of c-Fos protein in medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) were measured with time following UL. Spontaneous nystagmus occurred with frequency of $2.9{\pm}0.2$ beats/sec at 2 hours after UL and disappeared after 72 hours. Electrical stimulation decreased the frequency of nystagmus significantly till 24 hours after UL. Roll head deviation was $107{\pm}9.7^{\circ}$ at 2 hours after UL and the deviation was maintained till 72 hours, but electrical stimulation decreased the deviation significantly 6 hours after UL. Resting activity of type I neurons in ipsilateral MVN to the injured vestibular side decreased significantly compared with control at 6 and 24 hours after UL, but the activity of type I neurons was recovered to control level by electrical stimulation at 24 hours after UL. Gain of type I neurons induced by sinusoidal rotation of 0.1 Hz decreased significantly till 24 hours after UL, but electrical stimulation restored the activity at 24 hours. The gain of type II neurons decreased significantly at 6 hours after UL, but electrical stimulation restored the activity. Expression of c-Fos protein was asymmetric between bilateral MVN till 24 hours after UL, but the asymmetry disappeared by electrical stimulation 6 hours after UL. These results suggest that electrical stimulation to the injured vestibular portion facilitates vestibular compensation following UL by restoration of symmetry of neuronal activity between bilateral vestibular nuclei resulting from increased activity in ipsilateral vestibular nuclei to the injured side.

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Ligament Injuries of Knee in the Recreational Skiers (스키에 의한 슬관절 인대 손상)

  • Lee Dong Chul;Ko Jin Hyeok;Kim Dong Han
    • Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2003
  • Purpose: This study is to analyse the injury patterns of knee ligament and the factors influencing ligament injuries of knee, and to evaluate the changes of knee function and activity after ski injury. Materials and Methods: Thirty cases of ligament injuries of knee were studied with a questionaire, stress radiographs, magnetic resolution imaging, and physical examination. Mean age was 28.6 years old and mean follow up was 29.6 months. Clinical evaluation of Lysholm knee scoring scale was used for knee function and Tegner activity score was used for activity change after ski injury. Results: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury accompanied with medial collateral ligament(MCL) injury was most in 11 cases and isolated MCL injury was the next in 9 cases. The common types of injury mechanism were Phantom foot phenomenon (13 cases, 43$\%$) and valgus external rotation injury (12 cases, 40$\%$), which constitute 83$\%$ of all case. At the last follow up, the mean Lysholm score was 93.4 and mean Tegner activity score was 4.2. The reduced Tegner activity score after injury was 1.9. Among several injury groups, the evaluation of knee function and activity was best in the isolated MCL injury group and worst in the ACL injury accompanied with MCL injury group. The factors to influence ski injury were participation to ski class, release of binding, and skiing long time more than 2 hours. Conclusions: Lysholm score at last follow up revealed good grading, but sports activity after ski injury was reduced when compared with pre-injury state. It seems to need a active, systemic sports rehabilitation program after sports injury.

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Electromyographic Activities of Lower Leg Muscles During Static Balance Control in Normal Adults (정상성인에서 정적 균형 제어 시 다양한 조건에 따른 하퇴 근육 활성도의 특성)

  • Woo, Young-Keun;Park, Ji-Won;Choi, Jong-Duk;Hwang, Ji-Hye;Kim, Yun-Hee
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.35-45
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation and characteristics between electromyographic (EMG) activities of lower leg muscles and the posturographic assessment of static balance control in normal adults. Twenty-four young, healthy adults(12 males, 12 females) participated in the study. Center of pressure (COP) parameters were obtained using force platform as total path distance, total sway area, X mean frequency and Y mean frequency for 20 seconds in the following conditions: (1) comfortable standing with eyes opened or closed, (2) uncomfortable standing (feet together) with eyes opened or closed, (3) virtual moving surround delivered using Head mount display (HMD) with four different moving patterns. The virtual moving patterns consisted of close-far, superior-inferior tilting (pitch), right-left tilting (roll), and horizontal rotation (yaw) movements. Surface electromyographic activites were recorded on the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius muscles under each condition. Correlation between the posturographic measures and EMG activities were evaluated. Total path distance and total sway area of COP were significantly increased during uncomfortable standing. EMG activity of tibialis anterior was significantly more during uncomfortable standing and virtual moving surround stimulation than during comfortable standing. Total path distance and sway area of COP during comfortable standing with closed eyes showed significant positive correlation with the EMG activities of the lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle. Total path distances and total sway area of COP during muscle. Total path distances and total sway area of COP during presentation of virtual moving surround also had significant positive correlations with EMG activities of the lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle under close-far movement.

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Discoid Meniscal Cyst -Report of 3 Cases- (원판형 연골 낭포 - 3예 보고 -)

  • Cho Sung-Do;Ko Sang-Hun;Hwang Soo-Yeon;Lee Ju-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.220-225
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    • 2003
  • The meniscal cyst of knee joint is a rare disease, and the discoid meniscal cyst has not been reported in Korea. We report 3 cases of the discoid meniscal cyst confirmed by MRI and arthroscopy. In physical examination, all cases have tenderness of the knee joint. One has palpable mass of knee joint and the other one has limitation of knee motion with knee flexion contracture of 10 degrees and positive McMurray test at external rotation of the knee. All cases are complete discoid meniscus, which are, one medial discoid meniscus and two lateral discoid meniscus through MRI. We confirmed horizontal tear of meniscus in all cases and the location of meniscal cysts are anterior hem of meniscus in one and body of meniscus in two. We could get excellent results in all 3 cases that return to normal knee range of motion.

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Postural Control in Brain Damage Patients According to Moving Surround (뇌기능 장애 환자의 가상영상(Moving Sorround) 자극에 따른 자세 균형 제어)

  • 김연희;최종덕;이성범;김종윤;이석준;박찬희;김남균
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.233-244
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of balance control in moving surround using head mount device and force platform and to examine the clinical usefulness of COP parameters. Fifteen patients with stroke and healthy persons were participated. COP parameters were obtained as total path distance, frequency of anterior-posterior and medial-lateral component by FFT analysis, weight-spectrum analysis in the two different conditions; (1) in comfortable standing with opened or closed eyes, (2) in virtual moving surround delivered using HMD to four different moving pattern. In virtual moving surround setting, moving pattern was composed of close-far, superior-inferior tilting(pitch), right-left tilting(roll) and horizontal rotation(yaw) movement. In all parameters, the reliebility of COP analysis system was significantly high. Also, the construct validity compared between fifteen patients with stroke and normal persons was excellent in virtual moving surround condition(p

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The Immediately Effect of Narrow Squats on the Knee Joint Biomechanics During a Gait and Distance Between the Knees of Person With Genu-varum (내로우 스쿼트 운동이 내반슬 성인의 무릎 사이 거리와 보행 시 무릎 관절의 생체역학에 미치는 즉각적인 영향)

  • Han, Seok-kyu;Kim, Tack-hoon;Rho, Jung-suk;Choi, Houng-sik;Lee, Jun-young
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.19-26
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    • 2018
  • Background: Genu varum is also known as bow leg. It is a deformity wherein there is lateral bowing of the legs at the knee. it does give rise to pain, and persistent bowing can often give rise to discomfort in knees, hips and ankles. Objects: This study investigated the effect of narrow squats on the knee joint during a gait and distance between the knees of person with genu varum. Methods: This study analyzed 23 patient with genu varum that grade III, 12 narrow squat group and 11 genenal squat group in motion analysis laboratory. The subjects of experiment took gait before and after intervention, the range of joint motion, moment of knee joint adduction, power, distance of the knees were measured. And in order to make an analysis between groups, an paiered t-test and independent t-test was carried out. For statistical significance testing, it was decided that significance level ${\alpha}$ be .05. Results: It was shown that the group of narrow squat exercise significantly decreased in distance of knees (p<.05),In moment of adduction of knee joint, it was shown to significantly decrease in two groups (p<.05), was significantly decreased in adduction, abduction, and rotation (p<.05). In relation of peak-knee adduction moment and valgus angle, there was significant decrease in narrow squat group (p<.05). Conclusion: When the above result of study were examined, a narrow squat exercise given to the genu varum patients significantly decreased the distance between the knees, range of knee adduction and abduction, knee adduction moment, knee power. And stability gains through the decrease of excursion of knee medial part be effective for the correction of genu varum deformation.

Software development for the visualization of brain fiber tract by using 24-bit color coding in diffusion tensor image

  • Oh, Jung-Su;Song, In-Chan;Ik hwan Cho;Kim, Jong-Hyo;Chang, Kee-Hyun;Park, Kwang-Suk
    • Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.133-133
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    • 2002
  • Purpose: The purpose of paper is to implement software to visualize brain fiber tract using a 24-bit color coding scheme and to test its feasibility. Materials and Methods: MR imaging was performed on GE 1.5 T Signa scanner. For diffusion tensor image, we used a single shot spin-echo EPI sequence with 7 non-colinear pulsed-field gradient directions: (x, y, z):(1,1,0),(-1,1,0),(1,0,1),(-1,0,1),(0,1,1),(0,1,-1) and without diffusion gradient. B-factor was 500 sec/$\textrm{mm}^2$. Acquisition parameters are as follows: TUTE=10000ms/99ms, FOV=240mm, matrix=128${\times}$128, slice thickness/gap=6mm/0mm, total slice number=30. Subjects consisted of 10 normal young volunteers (age:21∼26 yrs, 5 men, 5 women). All DTI images were smoothed with Gaussian kernel with the FWHM of 2 pixels. Color coding schemes for visualization of directional information was as follows. HSV(Hue, Saturation, Value) color system is appropriate for assigning RGB(Red, Green, and Blue) value for every different directions because of its volumetric directional expression. Each of HSV are assigned due to (r,$\theta$,${\Phi}$) in spherical coordinate. HSV calculated by this way can be transformed into RGB color system by general HSV to RGB conversion formula. Symmetry schemes: It is natural to code the antipodal direction to be same color(antipodal symmetry). So even with no symmetry scheme, the antipodal symmetry must be included. With no symmetry scheme, we can assign every different colors for every different orientation.(H =${\Phi}$, S=2$\theta$/$\pi$, V=λw, where λw is anisotropy). But that may assign very discontinuous color even between adjacent yokels. On the other hand, Full symmetry or absolute value scheme includes symmetry for 180$^{\circ}$ rotation about xy-plane of color coordinate (rotational symmetry) and for both hemisphere (mirror symmetry). In absolute value scheme, each of RGB value can be expressed as follows. R=λw|Vx|, G=λw|Vy|, B=λw|Vz|, where (Vx, Vy, Vz) is eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of diffusion tensor. With applying full symmetry or absolute value scheme, we can get more continuous color coding at the expense of coding same color for symmetric direction. For better visualization of fiber tract directions, Gamma and brightness correction had done. All of these implementations were done on the IDL 5.4 platform.

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Arthroscopic Treatment of Metallic Suture Anchor Failures after Bankart Repair (Bankart 수술 후 발생한 금속 봉합 나사못 합병증의 관절경적 치료)

  • Shin, Sang-Jin;Jung, Jae-Hoon;Kim, Sung-Jae;Yoo, Jae-Doo
    • Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.70-76
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    • 2006
  • Purpose: This study presents 5 patients who had metallic anchor protrusion on glenoid after Bankart repair in anterior shoulder instability and reviewed the cause, clinical feature and arthroscopic removal technique. Method and Materials: 5 male with average age of 22 years (range 19 to 25 years) were included. 4 patients had arthroscopic Bankart repair and 1 patient had open repair for anterior shoulder instability. They had protruded metallic suture anchors on glenoid and the protruded suture anchors were removed arthroscopically using larger suture anchor empty inserter. Results: 4 patients had painful clicking sound with motion of abduction and external rotation and 1 patient showed shoulder instability. The ROM showed normal except mild degrees loss of external rotation. The position of protruded metallic anchor was 2, 3 and 5 O'clock in three patients and 4 O'clock in 2 patients. In 2 patients, the metallic suture anchor was malpositioned about 5mm off on the medial side from the anterior glenoid edge. All had Outerbrige classification Grade II-III chondral damage on humeral head and 1 patient showed glenoid cartilage destruction. None had shoulder instability after 2 years of follow-up. Constant score was 65 preoperatively and 89 postoperatively. ASES score was 67 preoperatively and 88 postoperatively. Conclusion: Symptoms of protruded suture anchor are not combined with instability. Most of symptoms were revealed from the rehabilitation period and confused with postoperative pain. Prompt diagnosis and early arthroscopic removal or impaction of protruded metallic suture anchor is recommended because of serious glenohumeral cartilage destruction. This is easy and simple and reproducible method to remove protruded metallic suture anchor arthroscopically.

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Comparison of Radiologic Parameters between Weight Bearing Affected Both Ankle and Single Ankle in Ankle Exam (체중부하 상태의 족관절 검사시 양측 족관절 동시 검사와 편측 족관절 검사의 방사선학적 비교)

  • Cha, Sangyoung;Shin, Jaehan;Choi, Namgil
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.10 no.8
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    • pp.603-610
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    • 2016
  • This study was performed to analyze the results of radiologic parameters compared both leg weight bearing position to single leg weight bearing position in ankle osteoarthritis. Between January 2016 and June 2016, 25 patients (50 ankles) who visited our Hospital to treat ankle pain. In radiographic assessment, We masured tibial anterior surface angle(TAS), tibial medial malleolar angle(TMM), talar tilting angle(TT), joint space width(JSW), tibiotalar joint space, fibulotalar joint space of ankle as radiologic parameters. On the right leg of the both leg weight bearing position, TAS was $87.24^{\circ}$, TT was $6.44^{\circ}$, TMM was $26.76^{\circ}$, fibulotalar joint space was 0.98mm. Right leg of the single leg weight bearing position, TAS was $88.93^{\circ}$, TT was $2.41^{\circ}$, TMM was $19.77^{\circ}$, fibulotalar joint space was 1.6mm. And then, on the left leg of the both leg weight bearing position, TAS was $87.25^{\circ}$, TT was $5.71^{\circ}$, TMM was $23.92^{\circ}$, fibulotalar joint space was 1.22 mm and left leg of the single weight bearing position, TAS was 88.75, TT was $3.19^{\circ}$, TMM $21.45^{\circ}$, fibulotalar joint space was 1.22 mm. There are unsimilarity between measure values of TAS and tibiotalar joint space. As the result of test of weight bearing ankle study, it would be more exact to examine to measure one side in the first time rather than both to conclude on accurate measurement.