• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.22
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• pp.77-106
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• 2003

As globalization of communication is going on and as the media have become increasingly central to the world economy, media policy matters have become the province of world economic organizations like the IMF and the WTO. The WTO service negotiation is focused primarily on the discriminatory and quantitative barriers associated with the trade of audiovisual services. Domestic measures such as subsidization, content regulation including quotas, and licensing requirements and restrictions on foreign ownership and control are at issues here. These measures have been successfully implemented by countries wishing to withstand competition from the American audiovisual industry. The debate about trade in audiovisual services is permeated by the unstated assumption that these programs are pure commodities whose production, distribution, exhibition and in turn, values are solely determined by the market forces. It is therefore presumed that liberalization of trade in audiovisual services will benefit all, serving cultural pluralism and diversity as well as economic efficiency. However, this assumption is not shared by developing countries, the recipients of U.S. television material. They argue audiovisual sector requires a social and cultural approach, since it plays a key role in the preservation of people's identity and social bonds. They claim that it is the each state's right to define its media policy and to implement it through the means it considers fit. These clashing views over the nature of the audiovisual material and the ways in which protect cultural pluralism and diversity do not confine to be the realm of theoretical debate. Each state's interest and motivation to protect its local industry and to have a competitive advantage in the international market is working in this battle. Consolidation with the countries like Australia, Canada, and EU nations, in favour of cultural exemption, seems to be the best policy for us. However, we are not entirely free from the WTO pressures, considering relation to the U. S. This study analyzes Korean Broadcasting Law compared with those of other OECD countries and tries to propose some strategical guidelines facing WTO service negotiation in the area of broadcasting.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.119-132
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• 2007

This study analyzed the difference of learning efficiency by using information media applications for undergraduate students. The survey samples for research were 106 and the results showed significant by simple regulation analysis on computer applications and information media applications with t=2.990(p=0.003), sig=0.05 and on information media applications and learning efficiency with t=41.758(p=0.000), sig=0.05. Otherwise, the result showed no significant on computer applications and learning efficiency with t=-1.756(p=0.082), sig=0.05. As a result, this study provided basic materials on more effective teaching methods than a class using information applications. As providing facts to be consider a class using information media this study found to be new directions on effective information education and teaching methods.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2013

The smart media has changed the patterns of advertising information consumption and media usage behavior drastically. The smart advertisements, however, have failed to perform as sophisticated as the smart devices carried out. In this respect, this study is designed to figure out the current situation and the ecosystem of smart advertising and to prepare its activation plan through a survey(FGI), which will be able to give policy suggestions about smart media and advertising. In conclusion, this study points out that the proliferation of smart advertising needs to install "Smart Media Representative" which provides independable decisions on the regulation of smart advertising, the system of price, standardization of advertising, the development of various forms of advertisements, the scientific measurement of the effectiveness, the protection of privacy, professional manpower training, etc.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.97-111
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• 2019

This study discuss how the meaning and role of the state in the process of globalization are defined by the media and how the regulation is related to the ideology and value inherent in the process of globalization. Specifically, we tried to examine how the meaning and role of neoliberal state, which characterizes globalization process, is justified and reinforced by media. The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of the dominant globalization process inherent in the discourse of national competitiveness by analyzing how the national competitiveness index report released by the World Economic Forum is reported by the media every year. In addition, we sought to understand the significance and role of the state in the globalization process by examining what areas are emphasized and excluded from the national competitiveness index composed of economic infrastructure, economic efficiency, and enterprise innovation activities.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.44
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• pp.123-145
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• 2016

A flow of generative change has existed in the Chinese media following political, economic, and institutional changes. Since a market system was introduced to the field of drama production, people called 'zhipianren' who act as government agents as well as market administrators have spontaneously emerged. The government, by granting legal qualifications and authority to these 'zhipianren', have institutionalized and absorbed them within the system. Through this process, the 'drama zhipianren system', under the unique environment of a socialist market economy, demonstrates a Chinese administrative model that effectively reveals the changing process from a direct administration by the government to indirect administration and self-censorship. Furthermore, with the widespread adoption of the internet, various types of media including grassroots media have emerged, and the participation and production activities of netizens has enabled the development of a new genre of literature called internet literature. Furthermore, some websites that functioned as platforms for video and grassroots media came to self-produce contents so as to function as media in and of themselves. Originally, the internet was cultivated as a portion of the IT industry, but when it began to function as media, forming a new media landscape, regulations and institutions were gradually established and subsequently advanced in the direction of supervision and regulation over all internet media contents. A flow of generative change in the field of media has emerged, and the pattern of generation-convergence repeats itself as the official media policies converge.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.545-548
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• 2001

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metal is common in the natural environment and sulfate reducing bacteria are representative microorganisms for MIC. We found that biofilm fomlation by SRB on the metal surface might be controlled by quorum sensing, which is a cell density dependent regulation of cell metabolism. As cell free culture fluids (spent media) of Desulfovibrio vulgaris and D. desulfuricans were tested for quontrn sensing related test strains, it was found that spent media of two SRB induced increased luminescence of Vibrio harveyi BB886 (sensor 1+, sensor 2-) and BB170 (sensor 1-, sensor 2+). Quorum activities of D. vulgaris and D. desulfuricans appeared to be parallel to growth patterns, i.e., it was low in the lag phase, highly increased in the exponential phase, and reached maximum in the stationary phase. Interestingly, however, luminescence of V. harveyi BB886 and BB170 induced by a unit cell mass of the SHB showed a maximal peak in the late lag phase. Hence, it was suspected that quorum sensing of these two SHB play unknown roles in shifting cells from dormant to growth stages.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.31
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• pp.209-226
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• 2013

With rapidly changing multimedia environment, various artistic changes and digitalized up-to-date social infra, urban environment construction based on culture contents has been activated. The large image in front of urban building that is expressed as media-façade, increasing rapidly in a recent period, is not a new thing at all. In addition, IT technology molten in city space is testing the possibility of new media through the meeting with architecture. However, unlike its infra enlargement, the definition about media-façade is not clear so the system was constructed in a level of night lightscape or outdoor image advertisement. The purpose of this guideline is the regulation from the negative aspect rather than the possibility of various visual, artistic media expressions. Therefore, it could not show essential concept of media-façade. Moreover, most of companies or building owners focus on short-term profit and marketing effect rather than prepare various contents so they can not use constructed infra properly. After all, in many cases, they discolor the meaning of media-façade. This paper is a pilot study to grasp the current definition of media-façade to construct right guideline of media-façade. On the basis of this study, it will prepare academic definition of media-façade and construct the guideline for design evaluation.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.25-32
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• 2012

There is a growing controversy on whether and how to regulate real-time broadcasting services carried on smartphone. Some advocates strict regulation on them but the others minimal regulation. This study aims to suggest guiding rules for how to regulate broadcasting services in smartphone. For this, the study interviewed fourteen (14) executives of broadcasting companies, content providers, policy research center and regulatory body. The analysis indicates that linear channel service in smartphone is similar in form to traditional broadcasting but they should not be regulated at this moment. The supporting reasons are 1) regulating them is technically not effective, 2) they were already regulated in their primary service platforms, 3) they don't have a significant impact on a society. Consequently, the study suggests that the service providers are categorized as value added common carriers as defined in the Telecommunication Business Act.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2018

Recently, it has been continually researched that the advertising regulation should be tightened since suggestive advertising in Internet affect more negatively juveniles. Most of the researches seem to overlook an important fact that the objects of the researches, suggestive advertising are different from the harmful advertising to juveniles defined by the Juvenile Protection Act because they approached with ethical perspectives, not legally. It can be judged that the suggestive advertising in the past researches are not actually harmful advertising regulated by the Act, so the suggestive advertising should be properly managed for protecting juveniles, not banned. In this context, this study suggested that more proper and reasonable advertising regulations in Internet environment for protecting juveniles, with reviewing the problems of regulation system of media product harmful to juveniles, focusing on the differences between 'suggestive' and 'harmful' advertising to juveniles by the Act.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 1997

the pupose of this study was to investigate the effects of gonadotropin and nitric oxide (NO) on the expression of mouse follicular bad and bax genes that are known induce apoptosis. Large and midium size follicles of immature mice were obtained at 0, 24, and 48 hours time intervals after Pregnant Mare's Serum gonadotropins(PMSG, 5 I.U.) injection. Preovulatory follicles collected at 24 hrs after PMSG injection were cultured with or without various chemicals such as gonadotropin, gonadotropin Releasing hormone(GnRH), testosterone, Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for 24 hrs at $37^{\circ}C$. After 24 hrs culture, the culture media was used for nitrite assay and total RNA was extracted, subjected to RT-PCT for the analyses of bad and bax expression. We found that expression of bad and bax genes in follicles was markedly reduced before and after in vivo priming with hCG. When the preovulatory follicles were cultured for 24 hrs in culture media with PMSG and hCG, the expression of bad and bax genes was decreased. Moreover, SNP (NO generating agent) can significantly suppress the expression of bad and bax genes in follicles when apoptosis was induced by GnRH agonist and testosterone. At the same time, nitrite production of culture media was increased in GnRH agonist + SNP, testosterone + SNP and SNP treated groups than control group. These data demonstrated for the first time that peptide hormones and NO may play important roles in the regulation of mouse follicular differentiation and may prevent apoptosis via supressing the expression of bad and bax genes.