• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.315-317
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• 2015

In vitro culture of murine embryos is an important step for in vitro production systems including in vitro fertilization and generations of genetically engineered mice. M16 is widely used commercialized culture media for the murine embryos. Compared to other media such as potassium simplex optimization medium, commercial M16 (Sigma) media lacks of amino acid, glutamine and antibiotics. In the present study, we optimized M16 based embryo culture system using commercialized antibiotics-glutamine or amino acids supplements. In vivo derived murine zygote were M16 media were supplemented with commercial Penicillin-Streptomycin-Glutamine solution (PSG; Gibco) or MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids solution (NEAA; Gibco) as experimental design. Addition of PSG did not improved cleavage and blastocyst rates. On the other hand, cleavage rate is not different between control and NEAA treated group, however, blastocyst formation is significantly (P<0.05) improved in NEAA treated group. Developmental competence between PSG and NEAA treated groups were also compared. Between two groups, cleavage rate was similar. However, blastocyst formation rate is significantly improved in NEAA treated group. Taken together, beneficial effect of NEAA on murine embryos development was confirmed. Effect of antibiotics and glutamine addition to M16 media is still not clear in the study.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.904-911
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• 2008

Covalent cross-links between a number of proteins and peptides explain why transglutaminase may be widely used by food processing industries. The objective of this work was optimization of the fermentation process to produce transglutaminase from a new microbial source, the Streptomyces sp. P20. The strategy adopted to modify the usual literature media was: (1) fractional factorial design (FFD) to elucidate the key medium ingredients, (2) central composite design (CCD) to optimise the concentration of the key components. Optimization of the medium resulted in not only an 86% increase in microbial transglutaminase activity as compared to the media cited in the literature, but also a reduction in the production cost. Optimal fermentation conditions - namely temperature and agitation rate - were also studied, using CCD methodology. Usual conditions of $30^{\circ}C$ and 100 rpm were within the optimal area. All other parameters for enzyme production were experimentally proven to be optimum fermentation conditions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.607-613
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• 2009

In this paper, we made a simple paper feeding system which is one of MTS (media transport system) and controllers. The plant has a flexible paper and two driving rollers and two driven rollers. The control system has two conventional PID controllers. Skew angle and feeding speed of MTS deteriorate the quality of feeding system. In order to control a feeding speed and skew of feeding paper, we control rotational velocity of two driving rollers. Therefore, this controller has two inputs and two outputs as MIMO (multi-input and multi-output) system. The control inputs were the feeding speed and the skew displacement of the paper. The control outputs were the rotational velocity to each driving roller. To find appropriate PID gains of two controllers, we proposed an optimization technique. We assume the system variables and performance of a whole system as follows. PID gains of two controllers for skew and feeding speed are system variables. System performance is both skew and feeding speed. We simulates to making mathematical correlation using global Kriging interpolation. To find appropriate value of system variables, optimization method is simulation in sequence as following method. First, the optimization solver simulates with DOE (design of experiment) tables to find correlation equation of both system variable and performances. Then, the solver guesses the appropriate values and simulates if the system variables are appropriate or not. If the result of validation doesn't satisfy the convergence and iteration tolerance, the solver makes a new Kriging models and iterates this sequence until satisfy the tolerances.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2007

The Digital Multimedia Broadcasting(DMB) system is developed to offer high quality multimedia content to the mobile environment. The system adopts the MPEG-4 standard for the main video, audio and other media format. For providing interactive contents, it also adopts the MPEG-4 scene description that refers to the spatio-temporal specifications and behaviors of individual objects. With more interactive contents, the scene description also needs higher bitrate. However, the bandwidth for allocating meta data, such as scene description is restrictive in the mobile environment. On one hand, the DMB terminal renders each media stream according to the scene description. Thus the binary format for scene(BIFS) stream corresponding to the scene description should be decoded and parsed in advance when presenting media data. With this reasoning, the transmission delay of the BIFS stream would cause the delay in transmitting whole audio-visual scene presentations, although the audio or video streams are encoded in very low bitrate. This paper presents the effective optimization technique in adapting the BIFS stream into the expected bitrate without any waste in bandwidth and avoiding transmission delays inthe initial scene description for interactive DMB content.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.615-621
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• 1993

In order to maximize the riboflavin production by a mutant strain Ashbya gosspyii, the optimization of medium and fed-batch fermentation were performed. As carbon sources, glucose and soybean oil were necessary for the riboflavin overproduction. Optimal concentrations of glucose and soybean oil in the flask cultures were found to be 3.0% and 0.5%, respectively, in a complex medium containing corn steep liquor(CLS) 1%. Among the various organic nitrogen sources tested, CSL was the most effective one both for the cell growth and riboflavin overproduction.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2005

Lactic acid production parameter optimization using Lactobacillus amylovorus NRRL B-4542 was performed using the design of experiments (DOE) available in the form of an orthogonal array and a software for automatic design and analysis of the experiments, both based on Taguchi protocol. Optimal levels of physical parameters and key media components namely temperature, pH, inoculum size, moisture, yeast extract, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_20$, Tween 80, and corn steep liquor (CSL) were determined. Among the physical parameters, temperature contributed higher influence, and among media components, yeast extract, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_20$, and Tween 80 played important roles in the conversion of starch to lactic acid. The expected yield of lactic acid under these optimal conditions was 95.80% and the actual yield at optimum conditions was 93.50%.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.270-280
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• 2013

A fast intra-prediction method is proposed for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) using a fast intra-mode decision and fast coding unit (CU) size decision. HEVC supports very sophisticated intra modes and a recursive quadtree-based CU structure. To provide a high coding efficiency, the mode and CU size are selected in a rate-distortion optimized manner. This causes a high computational complexity in the encoder, and, for practical applications, the complexity should be significantly reduced. In this paper, among the many predefined modes, the intra-prediction mode is chosen without rate-distortion optimization processes, instead using the difference between the minimum and second minimum of the rate-distortion cost estimation based on the Hadamard transform. The experiment results show that the proposed method achieves a 49.04% reduction in the intra-prediction time and a 32.74% reduction in the total encoding time with a nearly similar coding performance to that of HEVC test model 2.1.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.67-69
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• 1998

The cogging torque in the small BLDC motors used in the DVD driving system or HDD driving system can cause some serious vibration problem. In this paper, some core shapes that reduce cogging torque are found by using reluctance network method(RNM) for magnetic field analysis and genetic algorithm(GA) for optimization. The outer rotor type BLDC motor for the DVD ROM driving system has been optimized as an sample model.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose a new approach that enhances the continuous optimization performance of the MAP-Elites algorithm. The existing self-referencing MAP-Elites algorithm employed the "DE/rand/1/bin" operator from the differential evolution algorithm, which, due to its lack of rotational invariance, led to a degradation in optimization performance when there were high correlations among variables. The proposed algorithm replaces the "DE/rand/1/bin" operator with the "DE/current-to-rand/1" operator. This operator, possessing rotational invariance, ensures robust performance even in cases where there are high correlations among variables. Experimental results confirm that the proposed algorithm performs better than the comparison algorithms.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.86-88
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• 2000

A sequence of functions are examined for the gradient-index AR thin film between two dielectric media and are used as the starting profiles in optimization to improve AR performance. Sinusoidal functions were quite efficient to use as components of the index change in the optimization. It is shown that there exist a number of gradient-index profiles which exhibit excellent AR-performance after control of the gradient-index profiles.