• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.172-176
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• 1999

Background: An increasing number of traumatic, infectious, degenerative, benign, and malignant lesions of the clivus and cervical spine are treated by head and neck surgeons. Surgical techniques vary according to the exact level of the lesion. Objectives: The purpose of this article are to introduce the surgical approach and to discript our experience and to analyze the advantage of the each methods. Materials and Methods: Transpalatal approach in clivus chordoma, transoral approach in C2 fibrous dysplasia, trans mandibular approach in clivus meningioma and transcervical approach in neulilemmoma were reviewed from the medical record. Results: Postoperative complications occured. Otitis media with effusion were observed in transoral and trans mandibular approach. Cranial nerve paralysis was observed in transcervical approach. But other complications such as swallowing difficulty persisting over 6 weeks, malunion of mandible, orocutaneous fistula, hemorrhage from major vessel were not observed. Conclusion: The various surgical techniques to be described herein serve to give the best exposure of each level of the lesions. Therefore head and neck surgeon plays a major role in the treatment of lesion in the clivus and anterior cervical spine according to the lower incidence of postoperative morbidity.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2006

3.4-dichloroaniline (DCA)를 함유한 최소배지에서의 집식배양과 배양 후 HPLC에 의한 잔류분석을 통해 3,4-DCA의 분해 능력이 우수한 균주 Arthrobacter sp. YM-14를 여천석유화학공단 인근의 갯벌에서 분리하였다. 분리균 YM-14는 1/10 LB 배지에 함유된 50 ppm의 3,4-DCA를 12 시간 만에 완전히 제거하였다. 이외에도 분리균 YM-14는 3-chloroaniline(CA), 2,5-DCA 및 3,5-DCA의 분해 활성을 나타내었으나 2-CA, 4-CA와 2,4-DCA에 대한 분해활성을 가지고 있지는 않았다. 또한, 분리균 YM-14에서 3,4-DCA의 유도에 의한 catechol 1,2-dioxygenase 활성의 증가가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 catechol 1,2-dioxygenase이 3,4-DCA 분해에 관여하는 중요한 효소군중의 하나로 생각된다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Mobile digital devices are very familiar and useful devices in the daily life of modern people, and are used for various tasks such as communication, reading, writing, and playing media. As the use of mobile digital devices has become more prevalent, user time has also been increasing. In particular, the number of people who use digital devices before sleep is growing. The light pollution associated with these devices is classified into four categories: urban sky glow, glare, light trespass, and clutter. The pattern in which modern people use digital devices corresponds to light pollution caused by light trespass and clutter from light exposure to artificial light at night. The light pollution caused by digital devices can cause melatonin secretion suppression, delayed sleep onset, reduction of sleepiness before bedtime, and periodic rhythm and cognitive function disturbances. In addition, a study of children and adolescents showed there may be disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythm, deterioration of sleep quality, and daytime fatigue due to light pollution caused by artificial light at night from mobile digital devices. A multi-faceted research effort is also necessary to investigate the healthy use of mobile digital devices based on research evidence and insights with an accurate evaluation of the influence of mobile digital devices as a form of light pollution.

• 에너지공학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 최근 10년간의 미세먼지 관련 뉴스 데이터를 수집하여 LDA 분석을 통해 최적 토픽을 도출하였다. 최적 토픽으로 선별된 80개의 이슈를 미세먼지 정책의 시각에서 해석하였다. 연구결과, 기온과 같은 날씨와 관련된 정보와 미세먼지 농도가 관련되어서 이슈화되는 경향이 있었다. 다음으로 미세먼지 저감 대책의 일환으로 노후경유차 운행 제한 제도와 저감 장치 부착과 같은 이슈의 빈도수가 높았다. 국민에 대한 제도 변경 안내를 포함하여 시민과 운수업자와의 갈등도 주요한 토픽으로 나타났다. 미세먼지 문제의 해결을 위한 수소차 보급과 같은 대안도 주요 토픽으로 분석되었다. 또한 미세먼지 관련 공기청정기 등 제품 관련 주제, 취약계층을 미세먼지로부터 보호하는 정책과 관련된 주제, 연구개발을 통한 미세먼지 저감 관련 주제가 주요 화두로 제기되었다. 미세먼지 대책은 사회 이슈로 정부 정책과 밀접한 관련이 있다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 본 연구를 통해 토픽 상에서는 거시적인 정부정책 자체보다는 시민의 안전, 시혜적인 정책이나 이해관계자간의 갈등이 정부정책 변화와 연동하여 중요한 의미를 지니는 것으로 나타났다.

• 복식
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.157-175
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are to establish a theoretical concept of nudism from sociocultural context, to examine its formative characteristics, to analyze the cultural meaning of nudism style showing in the 2000's fashion world, and to analyze and examine its aesthetic qualities. The way of a study was based on analysis and review on philosophy, aesthetics, sociology, popular culture and various documents at home and abroad and previous study and research materials about art and clothes for theoretical study. Also, we carried out a case study by analyzing photo data from fashion books, magazines and internet websites, considering the body and dress as visual objects. The summary and conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. Nudism of the sociocultural context was divided into change of understanding of the body and liberation of the body; naturalism; resistant culture; psychoanalysis context. 2. The formative characteristics of nudism style in fashion are classified in Exposure, Transparency and Body Conscious. 3. The cultural meaning of nudism style expressed in the 2000's fashion are sexual opening, surfeit of mass media, pursuit of naturalism, lookism, and individualism. 4. Nudism style expressed in 2000's fashion is drawn as three aesthetic qualities: Eroticism, Primitivism and Futurism. First, Eroticism of nudism style fashion which seeks for sexual stimulus is classified in Sensualism, Provocation and Innocence. Second, Primitivism of nudism style fashion which tends towards naturalism objecting to mechanic and digital civilization and hoping for return to the origin is classified in Primitivism, Naturalism and Sensualism as per aesthetics qualities. Futurism which is the nudism style presenting futuristic expression through using a new material is analyzed as High Technology, Cyber Sexism and functional Future.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.862-879
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze Alexander Wang's collections representing the athleisure look, and suggest a multilateral direction for fashion design based on the data. The present study examines literature, journals, and mass media to define the athleisure look and understand the background of its emergence, and assess its key design characteristics. The collections examined are from 2007 fall/winter to 2017 spring/summer, and T by Alexander Wang from 2011 spring/summer to 2016 fall/winter. A total of 446 photos were collected and verified by a group of experts. The characteristics of the athleisure look in Alexander Wang's collections were described by the following themes: dynamism (39.46%), unexpectedness (34.30%), sensuality (14.57%), and resistance (11.65%). Results revealed a number of findings: First, regarding the sensuality of the athleisure look found in Alexander Wang's collections, it was found to exhibit the lines of the human body and highlight sexiness and healthy beauty - with either direct or indirect body exposure. Second, the concept of dynamism is the most frequently seen - utilizing items with a comfortable or loose fit or materials that are flexible to enhance activity. Third, resistance appears as a specific style using aggressive and rough decorations. Alexander Wang's signature color, black, appears often, and showcases resistance through black clothing and fashion. Fourth, the unexpectedness of the athleisure look found in Alexander Wang's collections creates its own uniqueness with playful expressions made by various materials' mixed and matched or made visually fun.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2015

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced loss of dermal extracellular matrix is associated with skin photoaging. Recent studies demonstrated that keratinocyte-releasable stratifin (SFN) plays a critical role in skin collagen metabolism by inducing matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) expression in target fibroblasts. In the present study, we examined whether SFN released from UVB-irradiated epidermal keratinocytes increases MMP1 release from dermal fibroblasts, and whether these events are affected by p-coumaric acid (p-CA), a natural phenolic compound with UVB-shielding and antioxidant properties. HaCaT cells were exposed to UVB in the absence and presence of p-CA, and the conditioned medium was used to stimulate fibroblasts in medium transfer experiments. The cells and media were analyzed to determine the expressions/releases of SFN and MMP1. UVB exposure increased SFN release from keratinocytes into the medium. The conditioned medium of UVB-irradiated keratinocytes increased MMP1 release from fibroblasts. The depletion of SFN using a siRNA rendered the conditioned medium of UVB-irradiated keratinocytes ineffective at stimulating fibroblasts to release MMP1. p-CA mitigated UVB-induced SFN expression in keratinocytes, and attenuated the MMP1 release by fibroblasts in medium transfer experiments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the use of UV absorbers such as p-CA would reduce UV-induced SFN-centered signaling events involved in skin photoaging.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.954-959
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• 2011

There have been a number of studies conducted in order to compare the efficiencies of recovery rates, utilizing different protocols, for the isolation of L. monocytogenes. However, the severity of multiple cell injury has not been included in these studies. In the current study, L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was injured by exposure to extreme temperatures ($60^{\circ}C$ and $-20^{\circ}C$) for a one-step injury, and for a two-step injury the cells were transferred directly from a heat treatment to frozen state to induce a severe cell injury (up to 100% injury). The injured cells were then subjected to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the ISO-11290, and the modified United States Department of Agriculture (mUSDA) protocols, and plated on TSAyeast (0.6% yeast), PALCAM agar, and CHROMAgar Listeria for 24 h or 48 h. The evaluation of the total recovery of injured cells was also calculated based on the costs involved in the preparation of media for each protocol. Results indicate that the mUSDA method is best able to aid the recovery of heat-injured, freeze-injured, and heat-freeze-injured cells and was shown to be the most cost effective for heat-freeze-injured cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.856-865
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• 2012

We describe the construction and immunobiological properties of a novel whooping cough vaccine candidate, in which the aroQ gene, encoding 3-dehydroquinase, was deleted by insertional inactivation using the kanamycin resistance gene cassette and allelic exchange using a Bordetella suicide vector. The aroQ B. pertussis mutant required supplementation of media to grow but failed to grow on an unsupplemented medium. The aroQ B. pertussis mutant was undetectable in the trachea and lungs of mice at days 6 and 12 post-infection, respectively. Antigen-specific antibody isotypes IgG1 and IgG2a, were produced, and cell-mediated immunity [CMI], using interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma as indirect indicators, was induced in mice vaccinated with the aroQ B. pertussis vaccine candidate, which were substantially enhanced upon second exposure to virulent B. pertussis. Interleukin-12 was also produced in the aroQ B. pertussis-vaccinated mice. On the other hand, neither IgG2a nor CMI-indicator cytokines were produced in DTaP-vaccinated mice, although the CMI-indicator cytokines became detectable post-challenge with virulent B. pertussis. Intranasal immunization with one dose of the aroQ B. pertussis mutant protected vaccinated mice against an intranasal challenge infection, with no pathogen being detected in the lungs of immunized mice by day 7 post-challenge. B. pertussis aroQ thus constitutes a safe, non-reverting, metabolite-deficient vaccine candidate that induces both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses with potential for use as a single-dose vaccine in adolescents and adults, in the first instance, with a view to disrupting the transmission cycle of whooping cough to infants and the community.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2020

본 연구는 요리 레시피 공유 애플리케이션 내 기능적 서비스를 제안하는 것이다. 많은 1인 가구는 혼자 식사하는 경우가 잦고 외식에 의존하며 평소 식습관은 영양이 잘 고려되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 홀로 거주 시 다인 가구 대비 우울증 등 정신 질환으로부터 노출될 위험성이 커지며 영양이 불균형하면 질병에도 쉽게 노출될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 정의하여 1인 가구들이 신체적, 정신적으로 건강함을 유지하는 것이 매우 중요하다는 점을 강조하려하고 20-30대 1인 가구들이 많이 이용하는 백주부 요리 레시피를 중심으로 카노모델을 통해 사용자 경험과 기대를 탐색하였다. 보완된 기능적 서비스 제안으로 이용자들은 조리과정을 번거로움이 아닌 즐거움으로 느껴 외식 및 배달 음식을 줄이고 직접 조리를 통해 신체적 건강을 관리할 수 있게 되며 이웃과의 소통을 통해 정신적 건강까지도 스스로 관리할 수 있게 되는 데 의의가 있다.