• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2007

A photo-reactive methacrylate monomer having triazine as a core component was examined for photochromic diffractive image formation. Photochromic photopolymer films as a recording media contained a monomer mixture of triazine difunctional metharylate (DT) and ethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate, binder polymer, photo initiator, and a photochromic spiro-oxazine dye. The content of photochromic dye was changed to examine the effect of photochromophore on diffraction efficiency and real holographic image formation. Holographic recording was performed on the photopolymer film by the combination of reference and probe beam. The diffraction efficiency of the photopolymer film in real-time measurement reached a maximum of $\sim90%$ within 30s. It was highly dependent on the photochromophore contents. After holographic recording, the color of the recorded area was changed under UV light (365 nm) and reversibly bleached to original color upon exposure to a visible light source. Films containing only photochromophore without monomer mixture were not reactive under the recording beam (491nm). Diffractive image formation and mechanism of the holographic recording in the presence of photochromophore will be presented.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2017

Preconceptual sex selection is still a highly debatable process whereby X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa are isolated prior to fertilization of the oocyte. Although various separation techniques are available, none can guarantee 100% accuracy. The aim of this study was to separate X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa using methods based on the viability difference between the X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa. A total of 18 experimental semen samples were used, written consent was obtained from all donors and results were analysed in a blinded fashion. Spermatozoa were exposed to different pH values (5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5), increased temperatures ($37^{\circ}C$, $41^{\circ}C$, and $45^{\circ}C$) and ROS level ($50{\mu}M$, $750{\mu}M$, and $1,000{\mu}M$). The live and dead cell separation was done through a modified swim-up technique. Changes in the sex-chromosome ratio of samples were established by double-label fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) before and after processing. The results indicated successful enrichment of X-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa upon incubation in acidic media, increased temperatures, and elevated $H_2O_2$. This study demonstrated the potential role for exploring the physiological differences between X-and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa in the development of preconceptual gender selection.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제68권
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• pp.238-245
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• 2018

The skin experiences constant physical stimuli, such as stretching. Exposure to excessive physical stimuli stresses the skin and can accelerate aging. In this study, we applied a method that allowed human fibroblasts and keratinocytes to be perfused with media to form 3D skin equivalents that were then uniaxially 10%-stretched for 12 h per day (at either 0.01 or 0.05 Hz) for up to 7 days to form wrinkled skin-on-a-chip (WSOC). There was more wrinkling seen in skin equivalents under 0.01 Hz uniaxial stretching than there was for non-stretched skin equivalents. At 0.05 Hz, the stratum corneum almost disappeared from the skin equivalents, indicating that stretching was harmful for the epidermis. At both frequencies, the production of collagen and related proteins in the skin equivalents, such as fibronectin 10 and keratin, decreased more than those in the non-stretched equivalents, indicating that the dermis also suffered from the repeated tensile stress. These results suggest that WSOCs can be used to examine skin aging and as an in vitro tool to evaluate the efficacy of anti-wrinkle cosmetics and medicines.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2021

Background: This study aims to report how the practice of plastic surgeons and their attitude was during the first measure period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A survey study was held among members of the Indonesian Association of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons during week 5 after the first report of COVID-19. A 10 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and 1 essay covered key questions on the area of surgery and operating room, clinics, internal meeting, and consultation. The only open-ended question relates to the last MCQ addresses a future "flipped" medical practice. Results: Response rate was 45.6% among 228 members, with 89.4% did no practice or limited their service to emergency and urgent cases only. Only 1.9% kept their official meeting as usual, while the majority modified it. The practice in the operating theatre and clinic were also altered to comply with the measures; with 21.2% from the total respondents only allowed patients with exposure to come for visit after taking 14 days of self-quarantine. Teleconsultation was practiced by 50% of the respondents, while 41.3% agreed and 10.6% disagreed upon the future "flipped" medical practice. Conclusion: In general plastic surgeons have made supportive actions during the pandemic. Surgery was performed with all precautions at the utmost as a reflection of high alert of viral infection. Teleconsultation has been embraced via existing social media. Agreement upon the future "flipped" medical practice is reasonable. All in all, the actions were considered as most relevant.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2022

최근 대한민국에서는 국제대회에서의 좋은 성적과 미디어에서의 노출로 인하여 펜싱에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 하지만 펜싱에 입문하는데 있어서 어려운 요소 중 하나가 초기 장비 구입 비용 문제이다. 이를 해결하여야 펜싱 저변 확대에 기여를 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 블루투스 통신을 활용한 모바일 애플리케이션으로 리모콘의 기능을 대체하고, 펜싱 스코어보드의 기능과 프랑스어로 된 펜싱 용어를 학습할 수 있는 시스템을 설계하고 개발하였다. 펜싱 지도자와 동호인들에게 인터뷰를 통하여 본 연구에서 필요한 사항을 알아내고, 시험 작동하여 본 결과 장단점을 언급하도록 하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 펜싱 스코어보드의 경량화 및 소량화를 이뤄내고 비용절감을 통하여 펜싱의 보급에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2020

Angioleiomyoma is an infrequent benign smooth muscle tumor that arises from smooth muscle cells of arterial or venous walls in the tunica media layer. It would be found in the dermis, the subcutaneous tissue, or the superficial fascia of the anywhere in the body and is most often seen in the lower extremities. The typical lesion is a small, slowly growing, round, but firm and mobile nodule. We report a case of angioleiomyoma located on the anterior aspect of the elbow, which was mistaken for extradigital glomus tumor after history taking, physical examination. With point tenderness and worsening sharp pain in cold exposure for several years, the patient was referred for a further evaluation, and the lesion was 5 mm sized well-circumscribed mass in the anterior elbow with vascular signals on color and power Doppler by ultrasonography and finally diagnosed as angioleiomyoma following complete excision and histological evaluation.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.1167-1191
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• 2012

For Romantic women writers the paratext itself is essentially a masculine literary space affiliated with established writing practices; however, this paper suggests that Charlotte Turner Smith's mode of discourse in her use of notes and their relation to the text proper are never fixed in her contemplative blank-verse long poem, Beachy Head (1807). Even though the display of learning in the paratext partly supports the woman writer's claim to authority, this paper argues that Smith's endnotes also indicate her way of challenging the double bind for women writers, summoning masculine authority on the margins of her book while simultaneously interrogating essentialist thinking and instructions about one's identity in a culture and on the printed page. The poem shows how the fringes of the book can be effectively transformed from a masculine site of authority to an increasingly feminized site of interchange as Smith writes with an awareness of patriarchal, imperial abuses of power in that area of the book. There is a persistent transgression of cultural/textual boundaries occurring in Beachy Head, which explores the very scene and languages of imperial encounter. Accordingly, if Wordsworth's theory of composition suggests a subjective and abstract poetic experience-an experience without mediation-in which its medium's purpose seems to be to disappear from the reader's consciousness, an examination of the alternative discourse of self-exposure in Smith's poem reveals the essentially fluid nature of media-consciousness in the Romantic era, which remains little acknowledged in received accounts of Romantic literary culture.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2024

The addition of oxygen scavengers to food products helps to reduce oxygen exposure, thereby mitigating deterioration, including changes in taste, odor, and color, as well as inhibiting microbial growth. Despite the advantages of the existing non-metallic oxygen removal materials in terms of safety for the human body and suitability for use in microwave ovens, their utilization has been limited due to their slow reaction initiation speed. Therefore, in the current study, sodium metabisulfite was impregnated into various porous media, including halloysite nanoclay, activated carbon, montmorillonite, and silica gel. The oxygen scavenger, produced by impregnating silica gel with sodium metabisulfite, demonstrated a 425% improvement in the initial oxygen removal rate compared to pure sodium metabisulfite. Additionally, sachets containing an oxygen-removing composition with an enhanced oxygen removal rate effectively decreased the oxygen concentration to less than 0.5% on the third day of storage in apple packaging, without elevating carbon dioxide levels. Moreover, it proved effective in preventing the browning of the apple surface. Therefore, the SM/SG oxygen-removal composition can be effectively applied to active food packaging by controlling the oxygen concentration within the packaging.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.305-312
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• 1996

Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are usually disclosed by exposure of cell to anisotonic media. If a cell is suddenly exposed to hypotonic media, it swells initially like an osmometer but within minutes regains its original cell volume. This behavior has been labelled as regulatory cell volume decrease(RVD). RVD is believed to result from the loss of permeable ions through the membrane. In this study, we examined hypotonically induced changes in the membrance currents involved in RVD by using whole cell voltage clamp technique in the unfertilized hamster egg. At -40mV of the holding potential, the stationary current was maintained in the hamster egg exposed to isotonic solution composed of, mainly, 115mM NaCl and 40mM mannitol. Hypotonic solution was prepared by removing mannitol. Therefore, the concentrations of $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ in this hypotonic media were the same as those in the isotonic solution. Following 30 to 60 sec after applying the hypotonic media to the egg, the inward current was evoked. This inward current was eliminated by $100{\mu}M$ 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostil-bene-2,2'-disulfonic acid(SITS), an anion channel blocker, leaving the small outward current component. Further addition of 2mM $Ba^{2+}$, a broad $K^+$ channel blocker, completely abolished the small outward current left even in the presence of SITS during hypotonic stress. These results suggest that $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ move out of cells, resulting in RVD. To test the involvement of $Na^+$ in RVD, 20mM Na-isethionate was substituted for mannitol in isotonic media(135mM $Na^+$) and Na-isethionate (20mM) was freed the hypotonic solution. Only $Cl^-$ concentration in both isotonic and hypotonic media was kept constant at 115mM, whereas concentration of $Na^+$ was lowered in hypotonic solution to 115mM from 135mM in isotonic solution. Hypotonic medium induced the outward current in the egg equilibrated isotonically. This current was reduced by $100{\mu}M$ SITS but was augmented by 2 mM $Ba^{2+}$. In terms of RVD, these results imply that $Cl^-$ efflux is coupled with $K^+$, maybe for electroneutrality during hypotonic stress and/or with $Na^+$ via unknown transport mechanism(s). From the overall results, the hypotonic stress facilitates the movement of $Cl^-$ and $K^+$ out of the hamster egg to regain cellular volume with electroneutrality. If there exist a difference in $[Na^+]_0$ between isotonic and hypotonic solution, another transport mechanism concerned with $Na^+$ may, at least partly, participate in regulatory volume decrease.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1256-1262
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• 2010

본 연구는 상당히 활발히 이루어지고 있는 게임에서의 PPL 현실에 비해 그 효과를 다룬 연구들이 많이 수행되지 못한 현실을 고려하여, 게임 속 PPL에 효과에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관하여 연구를 수행하였으며, 구체적으로는 게임의 장르와 게이머의 게임 숙련도에 따라 게임 속에서 PPL 브랜드의 인지도와 선호도에 미치는 영향력이 어떻게 나타나는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 게임의 장르는 크게 역동적인 게임과 정적인 게임으로 분류하여 분석하였으며, 구체적으로는 역동적인 게임으로 레이싱게임인 포르자모터스포츠를 대상으로 하였으며, 정적인 게임으로는 보드게임인 숨은그림찾기를 대상으로 하였다. 게임의 숙련도는 높음과 낮음으로 분류하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 화면의 변화가 심한 역동적인 레이싱 게임에 비해 정적인 게임 진행방식을 갖고 있는 보드게임에 삽입된 PPL 브랜드에 더 큰 효과를 나타낼 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 그리고 레이싱 게임과 보드 게임에서 모두 게임의 숙련도가 더 높은 사람에게 PPL 효과가 더 있는 것으로 분석되었다.