• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.244-246
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• 2005

The Tonpiltz transducer is one of the essential elements in sonar application. The characteristics of transducer depend on the piezoelectric ceramics and mechanical elements such as head mass, tail mass, pre-stress rod and so on. One of the important characteristics is stable electric resistance for high power transmitting operation. This paper presents characteristics variation of the underwater acoustic transducer with material variation of electric decoupler.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.972-981
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• 2000

The phased array transducer has two distinct advantages. One is rapid scanning comparing with the conventional mechanical or manual scanning system. Therefore, output image is represented in real-time. The other is the dynamic focusing and the dynamic steering of ultrasonic beam. Only the delay times that are controlled electrically are used to focus and to steer beam without any lenses or wedges. In this study, the profile of the ultrasonic beam for the phased array transducer has been simulated in the Huygens principle with varying the inter-element spacing of the linear phased array transducer. From the result of this study, it was found that the ultrasonic beam spread wider as the inter-element spacing was decreased. However, the focusing effect was improved, even when the number of the element was not big. In addition, there was grating lobes that are constructed when the inter-element spacing is more than half wavelength. However, this grating lobe has lower amplitude than the main lobe.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 압전단결정으로 구성된 $64{\times}8$ 채널 1.75D 초음파 트랜스듀서의 설계, 제작 및 평가를 하였다. 우선, 평면 배열된 독립소자에 전기적 연결이 가능한 트랜스듀서의 구조를 선정하고 구조에 맞게 구성소자를 제작하였다. 그리고 유한요소 해석을 통해 트랜스듀서의 세부 구조를 설계하였다. 트랜스듀서의 주요 성능요소로서, 치폭의 너비와 재료를 조절하여 소자간 상호간섭의 영향을 줄이고, 압전단결정 및 정합층의 최적 두께를 설계함으로써 트랜스듀서의 원하는 대역폭을 구현하였다. 설계에 맞게 트랜스듀서 시편을 제작하고 실험적으로 그 특성을 측정한 후, 그 결과를 유한요소 해석 결과와 비교함으로써 개발된 트랜스듀서의 성능을 평가하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.332-335
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• 2007

This paper presents a theoretical approach to describe the vibration characteristics of a piezoelectric shell transducer. Governing equations for the motion of the piezoelectric shell are classified and simplified according to the boundary conditions. Applied mechanical and electrical boundary conditions have yielded each characteristic equation for circumferential, longitudinal, and radial motions of the piezoelectric shell transducer. Theoretical calculations of the resonance frequencies have been compared with the results obtained by the experiment and have shown a good agreement.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1055-1065
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• 2016

An anisotropic ultrasonic transducer is proposed for Lamb wave applications, such as passive damage or impact localization based on ultrasonic guided wave theory. This transducer is made from a PMNPT single crystal, and has different piezoelectric coefficients $d_{31}$ and $d_{32}$, which are the same for the conventional piezoelectric materials, such as Lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Different piezoelectric coefficients result in directionality of guided wave generated by this transducer, in other words, it is an anisotropic ultrasonic transducer. And thus, it has different sensitivity in comparison with conventional ultrasonic transducer. The anisotropic one can provide more information related to the direction when it is used as sensors. This paper first shows its detailed properties, including analytical formulae and finite elements simulations. Then, its application is described.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1211-1216
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• 2005

Underwater acoustic transducers are widely used for SONAR application, whose important design parameters are shapes. materials, dimensions and supporting structures. Practical design method of transducers consists of manufacturing, experiments and modifications so that it requires much time and expenses. In this study, an analytical method was developed for the Tonpilz type transducers using the commercial finite element analysis code ATILA which can solve the electro-mechanical coupling problems. A finite element model was established including the transducer elements such as ceramic stack, head mass, tail mass, tensile bolt, and molding layers. The proposed model was verified and modified by comparing the in-air and in-water test results of prototypes. The developed analysis method will be effectively used for the sensitivity analysis of design parameters in transducer design process.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제25권A호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2005

Three-dimensional ultrasonic probes being applied to the medical imaging can be grouped into three depending on the scanning methods, which are a mechanical type system, a free-hand system, and 2D phased arrays system. A mechanical type scanner uses a mechanically driven transducer to acquire series of 2D plane images. By integrating these images, a 3-D medical image can be constructed. A motor driving mechanism is a conventional choice for mechanically driving a transducer assembly which picks the raw ultrasonic images up. In this paper we attempt to design a 3D ultrasonic probe which has a operating mechanism of s tilting 3-D scanning. The motion of a transducer assembly of the ultrasonic probe is analytically modelled. We propose a selection procedure for the diameter of a wire rope driving the transducer assembly and the size of torsional spring which gives an initial tension to wire ropes.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.441-446
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• 2014

A 3D ultrasound image is desired in many medical examinations. However, the implementation of a 2D array, which is needed for a 3D image, is challenging with respect to fabrication, interconnection and cabling. A 2D sparse array, which needs fewer elements than a dense array, is a realistic way to achieve 3D images. Because the number of ways the elements can be placed in an array is extremely large, a method for optimizing the array configuration is needed. Previous research placed the target point far from the transducer array, making it impossible to optimize the array in the operating range. In our study, we focused on optimizing a 2D sparse array transducer for 3D imaging by using a simulated annealing method. We compared the far-field optimization method with the near-field optimization method by analyzing a point-spread function (PSF). The resolution of the optimized sparse array is comparable to that of the dense array.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.515-521
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• 1986

Performances of a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer are analyzed considering the internal losses of a piezoleelctric material and fabricated layers. The KLM-model is adopted for the equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric resonator, and the attenuation coefficient is introduced to represent the internal losses of the transducer. The attenuation coefficient of a piezoelectric resonator is inversely proportional to the maximum value of the input electrical resistance, and is confirmed to be an efficient parameter for the analysis of the considerable lossy piezo-electric resonator operating in a thickness mode. Also, the experimentla RTII is obtained by pulse-echo method. The experimental result is deviated from the predicted one within 3 dB over the 20dB frequency bandwidth.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2005

One of the major problems limiting the accuracy of piezoelectric transducers fur cylinder pressure measurements in an internal combustion (IC) engine is the thermal shock. Thermal shock is generated from the temperature variation during the cycle. This temperature variation results in contraction and expansion of the diaphragm and consequently changes the force acting on the quartz in the pressure transducer An empirical equation for compensation of the thermal shock error was derived from consideration of the diaphragm thermal deformation and actual pressure data. The result indicate that the thermal shock equation provides reliable correction based on known surface temperature swing.