• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2016

With the recent increase in size of ships and offshore structures, there are more demand for thicker plates. As the thickness increases, it is known that fatigue life of the structures decrease. To improve the fatigue life, post weld treatments techniques, such as toe grinding, TIG dressing and hammer peening, are typically employed. However, these techniques require additional construction time and production cost. Therefore, it is of crucial interest steels with longer fatigue crack growth life compared to conventional steels. This study investigates fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behaviours of conventional EH36 steel and Ferrite-Bainite dual phase EH36 steel (F-B steel). F-B steel is known to have improved fatigue performance associated with the existence of two different phases. Ferrite-Bainite dual phase microstructures are obtained by special thermo mechanical control process (TMCP). FCGR behaviours are investigated by a series of constant stress-controlled FCGR tests. Considering all test conditions (ambient, low temperature, high stress ratio), it is shown that FCGR of F-B steel is slower than that of conventional EH36 steel. From the tensile tests and impact tests, F-B steel exhibits higher values of strength and impact energy leading to slower FCGR.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

The coniferous fallen leaf is one of the major forestry residues. Since the coniferous fallen leaf would not be easily decayed, the large amount of the coniferous fallen leaves in forestry could be the source of forest fire. The applicability of the fallen leaves to the pulp mold were evaluated for developing new utilization of coniferous fallen leaves. The morphological properties and the chemical composition of the fallen leaves of Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis were evaluated by the comparison with those of fresh leaves. The applicability of the coniferous fallen leaves to the pulp mold and the effects on the pulp mold properties including the scent diffusion were investigated. The fallen leaves showed the shrunk structure by losing the hot water extract component, which leaded to better grinding properties than that of fresh leaves. The pulp mold with fallen leaves showed higher strength properties than the pulp mold with fresh leaves. Although the scent of the pulp mold with fresh leaves was stronger, the pulp mold with fallen leaves had coniferous scent too. The application of fallen leaves to pulp mold for the functional properties could be possible by improving the mechanical properties and the scent lasting treatments.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.2596-2601
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• 2009

후판의 맞대기 용접 시 용접부의 이면에 홈을 파는 가우징 작업은 숙련된 용접 작업과 그라인딩 작업을 필요로 한다. 기존의 가우징은 산소 아크 용접기를 이용하여 제거하고자 하는 부분을 용융시킨 뒤 고압 산소로 불어내는 방식으로 제거된 분진이 작업환경을 열악하게 하며 제거된 부분을 다시 그라인딩 작업으로 평탄화하는 후처리 작업이 필요하기 때문에 생산성을 크게 떨어뜨리고 있다. 이를 절삭에 의한 기계적 제거 작업으로 바꾸어 기존 용접법에 의한 가우징 작업의 단점을 보완하고 생산성을 향상시키고자 절삭 가우징 장치를 개발하고 실험하였다. 개발된 절삭 가우징 장치는 분당 재료제거량이 $13,565mm^3/min$으로 기존 용접법에 의한 가우징에 비해 작업효율이 약 3배 개선되었다. 또한 가공인건비가 1/3 수준으로 감소되는 것을 기대할 수 있으며 소음과 분진으로 인한 작업환경문제가 크게 개선됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2012

곡면 FRP 패널 부재는 생산방식 및 생산설비 등의 제한으로 일정한 폭을 갖는 제품으로 생산되며, 이러한 곡면 FRP 부재를 이용하여 제작 공장 또는 현장에서 FRP 부재간 연결을 통한 연속 시공으로 목적대상 구조물을 시공할 수 있다. FRP 부재간 연결방법은 크게 화학적 연결, 기계적 연결, 그리고 복합적인 연결방법 등이 있으며, 이 가운데 접착용 수지를 이용한 화학적 연결이 가장 보편적으로 적용되고 있다. 따라서 FRP 부재의 연결부 최적화설계를 위하여 표면처리 조건 및 접착제 종류 등을 매개변수로 직접전단 시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과 sand paper를 이용한 연마 또는 sand blasting으로 FRP 부재 표면 처리 조건 및 에폭시 또는 아크릴계 접착제가 가장 효과적인 접합방식인 것으로 나타났다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.103-103
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• 2014

Manufacturing of lens and mirror using Diamond Turning Machine (DTM) offers distinct advantages including short fabrication time and low cost as compared to grinding or polishing process. However, the DTM process can leave mid-frequency error in the optical surface which generates an undesirable diffraction effect and stray light. The mid-frequency error is expected to be eliminated by mechanical polishing after the DTM process, but polishing of soft surface of ductile aluminum is extremely difficult because the polishing process inevitably degrades the surface form accuracy. In order to increase its surface hardness, we performed electroless nickel plating on the surface of diamond-turned aluminum (Al-6061T6) off-axis mirrors, which was followed by the 6-hour-long baking process at $200^{\circ}C$ for improving its hardness. Then we polished the nickel plated off-axis mirrors to remove the mid-frequency error and measured polished mirror surfaces using the optical surface profilometer (NT 2000, Wyko Inc.). Finally, we ascertained that the mid-frequency error on the mirror surface was successfully removed. During the whole processes of nickel plating and polishing, we monitored the form accuracy using the ultra-high accurate 3-D profilometer (UA3P, Panasonic Corp.) to maintain it within the allowable tolerance range (< tens of nm). The polished off-axis mirror was optically tested using a visible laser source and a pinhole, and the airy pattern obtained from the polished mirror was compared with the unpolished case to check the influence of mid-frequency error on optical images.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 SBFC의 기본 성능을 분석하고, 페이스트 및 모르터에서의 공학적 특성을 검토하여, 향후 경제적인 조강콘크리트 개발을 위한 방안으로 활용하고자 하였다. 실험결과 SBFC의 우수한 조기강도 발현 성능을 확인 할 수 있었고, 유동성을 고려했을 때 OPC와 SBFC와의 적정 혼입율을 도출하여 사용하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2011

전자기기의 고집적화를 위해 실리콘 웨이퍼의 두께가 점점 얇아지고 있으며 이로 인해 제조공정 중 균열이나 파손이 발생할 가능성이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 300 ${\mu}m$~100 ${\mu}m$ 두께의 반도체용 단결정 실리콘 웨이퍼의 파단 강도 및 파괴특성을 평가하였다. 기계적 연마를 통해 두께 (300, 200, 180, 160, 150, 100 ${\mu}m$)가 다른 실리콘 웨이퍼를 준비하였다. 하나의 웨이퍼에서 40개의 실리콘 다이(크기 : 62.5 mm${\times}$4 mm)를 얻어 4점 굽힘시험을 통해 평균 강도값을 구하였다. 강도분포의 통계적 해석을 위해 와이블 선도를 이용하여 형상인자(와이블 계수)와 크기인자(확률적 파괴강도)를 얻었다. 취성 실리콘 다이의 시편 크기(두께)효과와 파단 확률이 고려된 통계적 파단강도 값을 실리콘 다이 두께의 함수로 얻었다. 관찰된 파괴양상을 측정된 파단강도와 관련하여 고찰하였다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2017

PURPOSE. Temperature increase of $5.5^{\circ}C$ can cause damage or necrosis of the pulp. Increasing temperature can be caused not only by mechanical factors, e.g. grinding, but also by exothermic polymerization reactions of resin materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate influences of the form material on the intrapulpal temperature during the polymerization of different self-curing resin materials for temporary restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 30 provisonal bridges were made of 5 resin materials: Prevision Temp (Pre), Protemp 4 (Pro), Luxatemp Star (Lux), Structure 3 (Str) and an experimental material (Exp). Moulds made of alginate (A) and of silicone (S) and vacuum formed moulds (V) were used to build 10 bridges each on a special experimental setup. The intrapulpal temperatures of three abutment teeth (a canine, a premolar, and a molar,) were measured during the polymerization every second under isothermal conditions. Comparisons of the maximum temperature ($T_{Max}$) and the time until the maximum temperature ($t_{TMax}$) were performed using ANOVA and Tukey Test. RESULTS. Using alginate as the mould material resulted in a cooling effect for every resin material. Using the vacuum formed mould, $T_{Max}$ increased significantly compared to alginate (P<.001) and silicone (P<.001). In groups Lux, Pro, and Pre, $t_{TMax}$ increased when the vacuum formed moulds were used. In groups Exp and Str, there was no influence of the mould material on $t_{TMax}$. CONCLUSION. All of the mould materials are suitable for clinical use if the intraoral application time does not exceed the manufacturer's instructions for the resin materials.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2007

FRP선박의 친환경적 recycle에 있어서 현재 가장 선호되는 방법은 기계적 방법에 의한 파쇄와 분쇄를 거친 후 화학적 처리 또는 추가 첨가제 등을 활용하여 재활용 또는 재사용하는 방법이다. 재활용 방법 중에서는 콘크리트 제품의 잔골재 대용으로 사용하는 것이 주된 재활용 방법이다. 따라서 세계 각국에서는 FRP선박의 재활용(재자원화)을 위하여 실용성과 안정성을 지니는 많은 기계적 처리 및 활용방법에 대한 연구 개발을 진행하여왔다. 특히 국제적으로 파쇄된 FRP재료를 폴리머시멘트에 활용한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔음에도 기계적 처리 방법의 환경적 문제(2차오염)와 폴리머시멘트의 활용도의 한계가 FRP재활용 사업의 확대를 어렵게 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 FRP선박을 친환경적으로 일괄처리 할 수 있는 재처리시스템과 그 결과물을 재활용한 콘크리트제품의 실용화 가능성을 실험하였다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.462-467
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• 2014

PURPOSE. This study investigated the influence of surface conditioning procedures and repeated firings on monoclinic content and strength of zirconia before cementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sintered bar-shaped zirconia specimens were subjected to no surface treatment (control), air abrasion, or grinding (n=21). Their roughness was evaluated using a profilometer, and microscope analysis was performed on one specimen of each group. Then, 2 or 10 repeated firings (n=10) were executed, the monoclinic content of specimens was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and a three-point flexural strength test was performed. Surface roughness values were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) tests, the monoclinic content values were tested using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, and the flexural strength values were tested using two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (P=.05). Spearman's correlation test was performed to define relationships among measured parameters. RESULTS. Surface-treated specimens were rougher than untreated specimens and had a higher monoclinic content (P<.005), and the relationship between roughness and monoclinic content was significant (P<.000). Neither surface treatment nor firing significantly affected the flexural strength, but Weibull analysis showed that for the air-abraded samples the characteristic strength was significantly lower after the $10^{th}$ firing than after the $2^{nd}$ firing. CONCLUSION. After firing, a negligible amount of monoclinic content remained on the zirconia surfaces, and rougher surfaces had higher monoclinic contents than untreated surfaces. Multiple firings could be performed if necessary, but the fracture probability could increase after multiple firings for rougher surfaces.