• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.325-338
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• 2011

Investigations into fatty acid composition in meats are becoming more important due to consumer demand for high quality healthy food. Marker-assisted selection has been applied to livestock to improve meat quality by directly selecting animals for favorable alleles that affect economic traits. Quantitative trait loci affecting fatty acid composition in cattle and pigs were investigated, and five candidate genes (ACACA, FASN, SCD, FABPs, and SREBP-1) were significantly associated with fatty acid composition. The information presented here should provide valuable guidelines to detect causative mutations affecting fatty acid composition in cattle and pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic relationship between weaning weight (WW) and carcass traits. Carcass traits were eye muscle area(EMA), back fat thickness(BFT), marbling score 1(MS1) in 21 grade scales, marbling score 2(MS2) in 7 grade scales and meat color scores(Mcolor). Parameters were estimated by REML procedure with MTDFREML package. Models included contemporary group as defined by the same year-season-sex at birth, linear covariates of age(days) at weaning, age of dam(days) and age at slaughter(days) as fixed effects and animal random effects for all the traits. Heritability estimates of WW, EMA, BFT, MS1, MS2 and Mcolor were 0.25, 0.20, 0.20, 0.32, 0.32 and 0.22, respectively. Genetic(phenotypic) correlation coefficients of WW with EMA, BFT, MS1, MS2 and Mcolor were 0.75(0.16), 0.18(0.05), －0.41(－0.09), －0.40(0.11) and －0.07(0.05), respectively. Results from this study suggest that single trait selection for weaning weight would lead to progeny population having carcass with large EMA, thick BFT and decreased MS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1812-1819
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• 2007

Heart fatty acid-binding protein gene (H-FABP) is an important candidate gene for meat quality. One of the objectives of this study was to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of chicken H-FABP gene among 252 individuals that included 4 Chinese domestic chicken breeds (Fengkai Xinghua (T04), Huiyang Huxu (H), Qingyuan Ma (Q), Guangxi Xiayan (S1)), 2 breeds developed by the Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Lingnan Huang (DC), dwarf chicken (E4)) and one introduced broiler (Abor Acre (AA)). Another objective of this study was to analyze the associations between polymorphisms of the H-FABP gene and fat deposition traits in chickens. PCR-SSCP was used to analyze SNPs in H-FABP and 4 SNPs (T260C, G675A, C783T and G2778A) were detected. Associations between polymorphic loci and intramuscular fat (IMF), abdominal fat weight (AFW) and abdominal fat percentage (AFP) were analyzed by ANCOVA method. The results showed that the T260C genotypes were significantly associated with IMF (p = 0.0233) and AFP (p = 0.0001); the G675A genotypes were significantly associated with AFW, AFP (p<0.01) and IMF (p<0.05); at the C783T locus, AFW and AFP differed highly between genotypes. However, the G2778A loci did not show any significant effect on fat deposition traits in this study. In addition, we found that there were some differences between AFP and definite haplotypes through a nonparametric statistical method, so the haplotypes based on the SNPs except G2778A loci were also significantly associated with IMF, AFW (g) (p<0.05) and AFP (%) (p<0.001). Significantly and suggestively dominant effects of H4H4 haplotype were observed for IMF and the H2H3 was dominant for AFW (g) and AFP (%). The results also revealed that H5H7 haplotype had a negative effect on IMF, while the H5H6 had a positive effect on AFW (g) and AFP (%).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.779-783
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• 2006

The adiponectin gene is known to be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis involving food intake, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Human adiponectin gene polymorphisms have been recently reported to be associated with obesity, insulin sensitivity and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The present study was carried out to investigate the porcine adiponectin gene as a candidate gene for fat deposition and carcass traits. A mutation of A178G of the porcine adiponectin gene that resulted in substitution of the amino acid Isoleucine to Valine was identified. AcyI PCR-RFLP was used to detect the polymorphism of the genotypes in five different pig populations (Large White, Landrace, Duroc, Chinese breeds Meishan and Qingping). The A allele frequency was significantly higher among subjects from Chinsese lard type breeds, while the G allele was the only one present in those from Western lean type breeds. To determine if there was an association of the polymorphism with phenotypic variation, the mutation was tested in 267 pigs of the "Large $White{\times}Meishan$" F2 resource population. The results of association analyses showed significant associations of the genotypes with fat deposition and carcass traits. Allele G was significantly associated with increase in loin eye height, loin eye area and lean meat percentage and bone percentage, and decrease in fat mean percentage, ratio of lean to fat, shoulder fat thickness, 6-7 rib fat thickness, thorax-waist fat thickness and buttock fat thickness. The substitution of A178G (Ile60Val) happened to be located at amino acid 60 in the collagenous domain of porcine adiponectin which might affect the association into higher-order structures, and accordingly affect the posttranslational modifications and optimal biological activity of the multimeric forms. The identified functional polymorphism provides new evidence of adiponectin as an important candidate gene affecting fat deposition and carcass traits in pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to identify the polymorphism on exostosin-1 (EXT1) gene and to associate with economic traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). We sequenced for detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with 24 unrelated individuals and identified four SNPs (T272196A, C272359T, G290964A and A302092G). Relationship between the genotypes of 583 Hanwoo individuals by PCR-RFLP and economic traits were analyzed by general linear model. In EXT1 gene, there were four SNPs associated with economic traits such as eye muscle area breeding value, marbling score breeding value, backfat and thickness breeding value (p<0.05 to p<0.01). In conclusion, this study indicates an important role of EXT1 gene in determining the meat quality or economic characteristics in Hanwoo.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.760-766
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• 2017

Genotypes of the nucleotide substitution g.23655332G>C of SNP marker rs385360448 at Lysophospholipase I (LYPLA1) gene intron 7, were tested for their effect on the carcass traits of Hanwoo and Jeju Crossbred cattle ($F_1$ progeny produced between Hanwoo ${\times}$ Jeju Black cattle) populations on Jeju Island. In the Hanwoo steer population, the meats containing LYPLA1 rs385360448 G/- genotypes showed significantly higher marbling scores and greater texture indices, compared to those of rs385360448 C/C homozygous animals (p<0.05). However, the LYPLA1 genotypes were not associated with the levels of carcass weight, backfat thickness, eye muscle area (EMA), meat color, and fat color (p>0.05). On the other hand, in the JCC steer population, the LYPLA1 G/- harboring meats showed significantly greater EMA levels, compared to those of C/C homozygotes (p<0.05). The results of the present study indicate that the LYPLA1 genotypes could alter the levels of intramuscular fat deposition, texture index, and eye muscle area via phospholipid metabolism in the Longissimus dorsi muscle of the cattle. These findings suggested that LYPLA1 genotypes may effect molecular genetic markers in the improvement of carcass traits of Hanwoo and Jeju Black industrial cattle populations on Jeju Island.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.834-845
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• 2024

Currently, in pork auctions in Korea, only carcass weight and backfat thickness provide information on meat quantity, while the production volume of primal cuts and fat contents remains largely unknown. This study aims to predict the production of primal cuts in pigs and investigate how these carcass traits affect pricing. Using the VCS2000, the production of shoulder blade, loin, belly, shoulder picnic, and ham was measured for gilts (17,257 pigs) and barrows (16,365 pigs) of LYD (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) pigs. Single and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analyze the relationship between the primal cuts and carcass weight. The study also examined the correlation between each primal cut, backfat thickness (1st thoracic vertebra backfat thickness, grading backfat thickness, and Multi-brached muscle middle backfat thickness), pork belly fat percentage, total fat yield, and auction price. A multiple regression analysis was conducted between the carcass traits that showed a high correlation and the auction price. After conducting a single regression analysis on the primal cuts of gilt and barrow, all coefficients of determination (R²) were 0.77 or higher. In the multiple regression analysis, the R² value was 0.98 or higher. The correlation coefficient between the carcass weights and the auction price exceeded 0.70, while the correlation coefficients between the primal cuts and the auction prices were above 0.65. In terms of fat content, the backfat thickness of gilt exhibited a correlation coefficient of 0.70, and all other items had a correlation coefficient of 0.47 or higher. The correlation coefficients between the Forequarter, Middle, and Hindquarter and the auction price were 0.62 or higher. The R² values of the multiple regression analysis between carcass traits and auction price were 0.5 or higher for gilts and 0.4 or higher for barrows. The regression equations between carcass weight and primal cuts derived in this study exhibited high determination coefficients, suggesting that they could serve as reliable means to predict primal cut production from pig carcasses. Elucidating the correlation between primal cuts, fat contents and auction prices can provide economic indicators for pork and assist in guiding the direction of pig farming.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.674-680
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of feeds naturally contaminated with mycotoxins on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, carcass traits, and splenic heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) mRNA expression levels in broiler chickens. The efficacy of yeast cell wall (YCW) adsorbent in preventing mycotoxicosis was also evaluated. Three hundred 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 3 treatments in completely randomized design for 42 d. Each treatment group had 5 replicate pens with 20 birds. The treatments were as follows: i) basal diet (control), ii) naturally contaminated diet (NCD), and iii) NCD+0.2% YCW adsorbent (NCDD). The NCD decreased average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.01) of 0 to 21 d, 22 to 42 d, and 0 to 42 d, and increased feed conversion ratio (p<0.01) of 22 to 42 d and 0 to 42 d. Both the breast meat percentage and thigh meat percentage of the NCD group were significantly higher (p<0.01) than that of the control group on d 21. The NCD group showed significantly increased levels of triglycerides (p<0.05) and cholesterol (p<0.05) on both d 21 and d 42 compared to the control group. However, the NCD significantly reduced (p<0.01) the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on d 42 compared to controls. Compared with the NCD, supplementation with YCW significantly improved (p<0.01) the ADG of 0 to 21 d and 0 to 42 d, and increased (p<0.01) concentrations of HDL on d 42, and on d 21, and triglycerides (p<0.05) on d 21 and d 42. Supplementation with YCW reduced (p<0.01) the breast meat percentage, the thigh meat percentage, the concentrations of cholesterol (p<0.01) and the low-density lipoprotein (p<0.05) on d 21, and improved (p<0.01) the splenic Hsp70 mRNA expression levels compared with the NCD group. The results of this study indicated that feeding NCD for 42 d had adverse effects on broiler chickens, and that YCW might be beneficial in counteracting the effects of mycotoxins.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1348-1352
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• 2005

Most breeds of sheep in Iran are adapted to their agro ecological niches where it is likely that they were also artificially selected by their owners. In general, most of sheep breeds are multipurpose producing lambs, wool and milk. To compare the physical and chemical composition of the carcasses of ten Iranian native fat-tailed sheep breeds, 243 male lambs (6-7 months of age) of ten fattailed, Iranian breeds of sheep, Sanjabi (S), Ghezel (G), Afshari (A), Mehrabani (M), Lori (L), Lori Bakhtiari (LB), Kordi Khorasan (K), Sangesari (Sa), Baluchi (B) and Chal (C) were studied. Lamb breed group had a significant (p<0.05) effect on all the carcass traits measured. The LB and C lambs showed the same live weight which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other breeds. Carcass dressing- out percentage in S lambs was lowest (p<0.05), but not different from G lambs. K and Sa breeds showed the highest (p<0.05) carcass dressing-out percentage. The S lambs had the highest (p<0.05) lean meat percent. Lean meat percentage was not significantly (p>0.05) different in the G, A, M and C breeds. The Sa and K breeds showed the lowest lean meat percent. The S lambs showed the lowest (p<0.05) fat percent in their carcass, while K and Sa showed the highest (p<0.05). Subcutaneous fat in K, Sa and B was higher (p<0.05) than the other breeds. Lambs of S, G, A and M breeds had the lowest subcutaneous fat in their carcasses (p>0.05). Intramascular fat was significantly (p<0.05) lower in M, S and C despite the fact that this values were highest in B and K lambs. The K and Sa breeds had highest fat-tail percentage (p<0.05) in their carcass, whereas S and G showed lowest. Lambs of G, S and A breeds had higher bone percent than other breeds (p<0.05). Lowest bone percent (p<0.05) was seen in K and Sa lambs. The carcass moisture percent was not significantly (p>0.05) different in S, G, A, M, L and C breeds. M lambs showed the lowest crude protein percentage and S breed the highest (p<0.05). There were no significant (p>0.05) differences among other lamb breeds for this trait. Chemical fat percentage was the same in S, G, A, C and M breeds, but significantly (p<0.05) lower from LB, K, Sa and B. Ash percent in S, G and A had no significant (p>0.05) difference. According to higher lean meat and lower fat percentages in the carcass, the ranking of breeds would be S, G, A, M and C.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.416-423
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• 2020

Objective: This study examined the effects of divergence in residual feed intake (RFI) on expression profiles of key genes related to lipid transport in the liver and duodenal epithelium and their associations with feed efficiency traits in meat-type ducks. Methods: A total of 1,000 male ducks with similar body weight (1,042.1±87.2 g) were used in this study, and their individual RFI was calculated from 21 to 42 d of age. Finally, the 10 highest RFI (HRFI) and 10 lowest RFI (LRFI) ducks were chosen for examining the expression of key genes related to lipid transport in the liver and duodenal epithelium using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: In the liver, expression levels of albumin (ALB), CD36 molecule (CD36), fatty acid hydroxylase domain containing 2 (FAXDC2), and choline kinase alpha (CHKA) were significantly higher in LRFI ducks than in HRFI ducks (p<0.01); negative correlations (p<0.05) between expression levels of ALB, CD36, FAXDC2, and CHKA and RFI were detected in the liver. Additionally, ALB expression was strongly positively correlated (p<0.05) with CD36, FAXDC2, CHKA, and apolipoprotein H (APOH) expression in the liver. In duodenal epithelium, we found that mRNA levels of ALB, CD36, FAXDC2, and APOH were significantly higher in LRFI ducks than in HRFI ducks (p<0.01); RFI was strongly negatively correlated (p<0.05) with ALB, FAXDC2, and APOH expression, while ALB expression was strongly positively correlated with APOH expression (p<0.01) in duodenal epithelium. Furthermore, expression levels of both ALB and FAXDC2 genes were significantly associated with feed conversion ratio and RFI in both liver and duodenal epithelium (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings therefore suggest that ALB and FAXDC2 genes might be used as potential gene markers designed to improve feed efficiency in future meat-type duck breeding programs.