• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.754-760
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• 1996

Effects of washing and additives on the texture of squid surimi gel which has been known to hard to gelation due to high protease activities and many water solubles were studied by SDS-PAGE, compression test, jelly strength and transmission electron microscopy analysis (TEM). Myosin (205 kDa) heavy chain was the major protein in water soluble fractions. It was impossible to make a gel after washing of the minced squid meat. These results suggested that squid (Todarodes pacificus) minced meat does not need a washing for good jelly products. $3.0\%$ of bovine plasma protein (BPP) produced the hardest gel ($16\%$ harder than the control) among the additives including egg white (EW), potato extracts (PE) and transglutaminase-K (TG-K) by compression test (P>0.05). Microstructure of control, $2\%$ EW and $4\%$ TG-K treated gels showed a sponge-like structure with more vacant space. Gels containing $3\%$ BPP formed the most rigid and arranged networks. Those results indicates that poor gel-network formation Was due to the degradation of myofibrillar proteins by proteases contained in the minced meat, which result in non-interlinkage.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.32-56
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• 2023

This review explores the factors that improve meat protein digestibility and applies the findings to the development of home meal replacements with improved protein digestion rates in older adults. Various methods improve the digestion rate of proteins, such as heat, ultrasound, high pressure, or pulse electric field. In addition, probiotics aid in protein digestion by improving the function of digestive organs and secreting enzymes. Plant-derived proteases, such as papain, bromelain, ficin, actinidin, or zingibain, can also improve the protein digestion rate; however, the digestion rate is dependent on the plant enzyme used and protein characteristics. Sous vide processing improves the rate and extent of protein digestibility, but the protein digestion rate decreases with increasing temperature and heating time. Ultrasound, high pressure, or pulsed electric field treatments degrade the protein structure and increase the proteolytic enzyme contact area to improve the protein digestion rate.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2003

난백, bpp, gelatin 및 gluten을 농도별로 첨가하였을 때 페루산과 포클랜드산 오징어 모두에서 각각 4%, 5%, 3% 및 4% 첨가구가 가장 높은 jelly강도를 나타내었고, 그 이상의 첨가에서는 큰 변화가 없었다. 이때의 물성 특성 값들을 보면 절곡시험 값은 모두 B를 나타내어 두겹으로 접어 1/2정도만 균열이 생겼으며, 페루산 오징어 연제품의 경우 수분함량은 72.06~73.78%, 보수력은 88.53~91.11%사이였고, 포클랜드산 오징어 연제품의 경우 수분함량은 71.91~72.89%, 보수력은 90.21~93.25%사이였다. 그리고 가장 높은 jelly강도 값을 나타낸 경우는 bpp를 5% 첨가하였을 때이며 이때 페루산과 포클랜드산 오징어 연제품에서 각각 872$\pm$29g.cm와 982$\pm$26g.cm를 나타내었다. Gluten 4% 첨가의 경우 jelly강도의 증가폭에 비하여 탄력성과 깨짐성의 힘이 크게 나타났으며 보수력도 크게 증가되는데 반해 경도의 변화는 크지 않았으며, 이때의 절곡시험 값은 B, 수분함량은 페루산이 73.74%, 포클랜드 산이 72.89%로 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 오징어를 이용한 연제품제조시 적절한 단백질류 첨가는 제품의 품질 향상에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

The utilization of coatings composed of bio-based materials in the processing and preservation of meat presents an environmentally conscious, secure, cost-effective, and superior method for prolonging the storage life of meat while also preserving its nutritional value. In this study, changes in physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of freshly cut beef coated with distilled water (control) and keratin-starch composites (K-S) functionalized with 0.0-, 0.2-, 0.6-, and 1.0-mL avocado peel polyphenolic-rich extract (APPPE) kept at 4℃ for 12 days were evaluated periodically at 3-day interval using standard techniques. Keratin was extracted from waste feathers, while starch was obtained from ginger rhizomes. Following a 12-day storage period, beef coated with APPPE-enriched K-S composites exhibited a significant (p<0.05) improvement in shelf life by minimizing deteriorative changes in pH and color (as determined by metmyoglobin level) in addition to inhibiting oxidative changes in lipids (as determined by TBARS level) and proteins (protein carbonyl level) in comparison to control and K-S composite without APPPE. Furthermore, microbial growth was significantly (p<0.05) suppressed in meat coated with K-S composite functionalized with APE at 0.6 and 1.0 mL compared to the control. The study suggested that APPPE-enriched K-S composite could offer an eco-friendly and safe food preservation technique for fresh meat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1653-1663
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• 2016

Meat quality is a complex trait influenced by many factors, including genetics, nutrition, feeding environment, animal handling, and their interactions. To elucidate relevant factors affecting pork quality associated with oxidative stress and muscle development, we analyzed protein expression in high quality longissimus dorsi muscles (HQLD) and low quality longissimus dorsi muscles (LQLD) from Duroc pigs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic analysis. Between HQLD (n = 20) and LQLD (n = 20) Duroc pigs, 24 differentially expressed proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS. A total of 10 and 14 proteins were highly expressed in HQLD and LQLD, respectively. The 24 proteins have putative functions in the following seven categories: catalytic activity (31%), ATPase activity (19%), oxidoreductase activity (13%), cytoskeletal protein binding (13%), actin binding (12%), calcium ion binding (6%), and structural constituent of muscle (6%). Silver-stained image analysis revealed significant differential expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) between HQLD and LQLD Duroc pigs. LDHA was subjected to in vitro study of myogenesis under oxidative stress conditions and LDH activity assay to verification its role in oxidative stress. No significant difference of mRNA expression level of LDHA was found between normal and oxidative stress condition. However, LDH activity was significantly higher under oxidative stress condition than at normal condition using in vitro model of myogenesis. The highly expressed LDHA was positively correlated with LQLD. Moreover, LDHA activity increased by oxidative stress was reduced by antioxidant resveratrol. This paper emphasizes the importance of differential expression patterns of proteins and their interaction for the development of meat quality traits. Our proteome data provides valuable information on important factors which might aid in the regulation of muscle development and the improvement of meat quality in longissimus dorsi muscles of Duroc pigs under oxidative stress conditions.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2005

현대에는 식생활 양상의 변화와 가공식품의 이용증가, 그리고 외식산업의 발달로 비만인구가 증가되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 현상은 성인병 발병률 증가시켰으며, 암과 같은 질병의 서구화를 가져오는 원인이 되고 있다. 흑염소고기는 지방과 콜레스테롤이 낮고 단백질이 풍부한 영양식품으로서 성인병이나 몸매관리에 적합한 식품이다. 현재 흑염소의 섭취는 주로 육골즙이나 흑염소 소주 등으로 특수한 상황에서만 이루어지는 것이 현실이다. 그러나 영양 성분 분석과 관능 검사 결과 기능성 음료로서의 가능성도 있는 식품으로 나타났다. 따라서 흑염소 음료의 섭취는 성인병의 예방 효과와 체중 조절에도 효과가 있다고 사료되며, 흑염소 농가에도 높은 이익을 창출할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 흑염소의 조단백질량은 쇠고기, 돼지고기보다도 높았지만 조지방 함량은 가장 낮게 나타났다. 또한 무기질 분석 결과 나트륨 함량이 쇠고기와 돼지고기보다도 낮게 나타난 반면 칼슘과 철분의 함량은 높았다. 성인병과 비만을 예방할 수 있고 중년 여성의 질병인 골다공증과 청소년들에게 흔히 나타나는 철분 결핍성 빈혈을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 또한 홍삼꿀을 첨가한 흑염소 육골액에 대한 관능검사 결과 홍삼꿀을 7.5mL와 8.0mL 첨가한 육골액이 아주 좋은 경향을 나타내었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2009

In this study, food protein hydrolysates were prepared from six types of food protein: purified meat protein, whole egg protein, casein, isolated soy protein, concentrated rice protein, and gluten. Food proteins were hydrolyzed with pepsin and ethanol (80%)-soluble fractions of pepsin hydrolysates were employed for analysis. The products were colorless and odorless powders with low fat content and good solubility. The MW (molecular weight) of the protein hydrolysates was confirmed to be $200{\sim}1,800$ via gel filtration. Free amino acid contents accounted for less than 5% of the samples. The results of our amino acid analysis revealed that all food protein hydrolysates preserved their original amino acid compositions and nutritional values of their source proteins with highly pure oligopeptide mixtures. These results show that the food protein hydrolysates prepared in these investigations should prove excellent dietary nitrogen sources for a variety of applications.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.466-472
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• 1990

우육에 7.5%의 당을 첨가하고 $121^{\circ}C$에서 가열처리하여 단백질 추출량의 변화를 알아보았다. 갈변반응은 가열시간이 길어짐에 따라 심하게 발생하였으며 glucose 첨가에서 가상 심하게 발생하였다. 단백질의 추출량은 전체적으로 가열시간이 길어질수록 감소하였으며 갈변반응이 심하게 발생한 glucose 첨가구에서 크게 감소하였다. 시료에 peptidase를 작용시켰을 때 단백질 추출량은 거의 변화가 없었으며, chymotrypsin을 작용시켰을때 단백질 추출량이 많이 증가하였으나, glucose 첨가구에서는 약간의 증가만 나타내었고 trypsin을 작용시켰을 때 전체적으로 chymotrysin을 작용시켰을 때보다 단백질 추출량이 많이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Peptidase, chymotrypsin 및 trypsin을 동시에 작용시켰을 때에는 단백질 추출량이 상당히 증가하였지만 갈변반응이 심하게 발생하였던 glucose 첨가구에서는 약간의 증가만 나타내었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2010

식품과민반응의 선천적 이력(natural history)과 방어의 이해는 식품 알레르기 환자의 관리에 매우 중요하다. 이러한 주제에 관하여 많은 연구내용들이 완전히 일치하지는 않지만 데이터에서 몇 가지 분명한 교훈을 얻을 수 있다. 첫째, 식품 알레르기는 매우 일반적인 것이다. 둘째, 식품 알레르기의 거의 대부분은 생후 1~2살에 시작한다. 셋째, 모든 식품 알레르기는 일반적으로 긍정적인 결과에 대한 예외가 있지만 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 넷째, 식품 알레르기는 대부분의 어린이들이 시간이 지나면서 없어지지만 일부는 호흡기 알레르기로 발달하여 종종 아토피질환의 시초가 된다. 마지막으로 적어도 몇 가지 식품 알레르기는 유아기와 어린이 시기에 주요 식품알레르겐들을 피함으로써 막을 수 있다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2019

The objectives of this study were to determine the interaction between porcine myofibrillar proteins and various gelatins (bovine hide, porcine skin, fish skin, and duck skin gelatins) and their impacts on gel properties of porcine myofibrillar proteins. Porcine myofibrillar protein was isolated from pork loin muscle (M. longissimus dorsi thoracis et lumborum). Control was prepared with only myofibrillar protein (60 mg/mL), and gelatin treatments were formulated with myofibrillar protein and each gelatin (9:1) at the same protein concentration. The myofibrillar protein-gelatin mixtures were heated from $10^{\circ}C$ to $75^{\circ}C$ ($2^{\circ}C/min$). Little to no impacts of gelatin addition on pH value and color characteristics of heat-induced myofibrillar protein gels were observed (p>0.05). The addition of gelatin slightly decreased cooking yield of heat-induced myofibrillar protein gels, but the gels showed lower centrifugal weight loss compared to control (p<0.05). The addition of gelatin significantly decreased hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of heat-induced myofibrillar gels. Further, sodium dodecyl poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed no interaction between myofibrillar proteins and gelatin under non-thermal conditions. Only a slight change in the endothermic peak (probably myosin) of myofibrillar protein-gelatin mixtures was found. The results of this study show that the addition of gelatin attenuated the water-holding capacity and textural properties of heat-induced myofibrillar protein gel. Thus, it could be suggested that well-known positive impacts of gelatin on quality characteristics of processed meat products may be largely affected by the functional properties of gelatin per se, rather than its interaction with myofibrillar proteins.