• Title/Summary/Keyword: measuring activity of DO

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Antioxidative Activity of Ethanol Extraction Fraction from the Korean Red Tail Ginseng (홍미삼 에탄올 추출분획의 항산화 활성)

  • Lee, Jong-Won;Do, Jae-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.497-500
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the extraction method and antioxidative activities of phenolic compounds from Korean red tail ginseng. Antioxidative activities of red tail ginseng were evaluated with its ability to donate hydrogen to DPPH, and to inhibit the oxidation of linoleic acid and LDL induced by $H_2O_2$ and $FeCl_2$, respectivly by measuring the MDA formation. Total phenolic compounds expressed as % caffeic acid were 0.80%, 0.12%, 0.06%, 0.03%, 0.01% when red tail ginseng was consecutively extracted with 60% ethanol for 5 times, most of the phenolic compounds was recovered in the extract obtained after 3 times of extraction. The extraction efficacy of 60% ethanol was superior to that of water in extraction phenolic compounds, and the efficacy did not change after evaporating the extract followed by dissolving with water. 60% ethanol extract of red tail ginseng had weak ability to donate hydrogen to DPPH. MDA determination showed the antioxidative effect with inhibition ratio of 72.23% on linoleic acid oxidation by addition of red tail ginseng extract at the concentration of 1,500 ppm. 22.52% of LDL oxidation was inhibited by addition of 250 ppm.

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Conversion of Acidic Polysaccharide and Phenolic Compound of Changed Ginseng by 9 Repetitive Steaming and Drying Process, and Its Effects of Antioxidation (인삼의 구증구포에 의한 산성다당체, 페놀성화합물의 변환 및 항산화능)

  • Kim, Do-Wan;Lee, Yun-Jin;Min, Jin-Woo;Kim, Yu-Jin;Rho, Young-Deok;Yang, Deok-Chun
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.121-126
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    • 2009
  • Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) has been used as an important medicinal plant in the Orient for a long time. It has been claimed that ginseng has many beneficial bioactive effects on human health, such as antitumor, antistress, antiaging and enhancing immune functions. Red ginseng possibly have new ingredients converted during steaming and dry process from fresh ginseng. In this study, pharmacological efficacy and ingredient conversion of ginseng by 9 repetitive steaming and drying process were investigated measuring conversion efficiency of acidic-polysaccharide, phenolic compounds and inhibition of peroxide lipides. It was found that acidic-polysaccarides were increased by heat treatment. In addition, maltol of phenolic compounds, strong antioxidant, produced during the process of red ginseng by Maillard reaction. Acidic-polysaccarides and maltol were increased after the 1st and 3rd steaming and drying treatments, but they were decreased gradually after 5th, 7th, and 9th treatments. Antioxidant activity was increased as increasing treatment times of steaming and drying without significance. Effect of red ginseng extract on inhibition of peroxide was increased gradually until after the 7th treatment, but remarkably decreased after the 9th treatment.

Evaluation of Functional Properties of the Tissue Cultured Wild Ginseng Fermented by Lactobacillus sp. (Lactobacillus sp.균주를 이용한 산삼 배양근 발효물의 기능성 평가)

  • Shin, Eun Ji;Cho, Chang-Won;Kim, Young-Eon;Han, Daeseok;Hong, Hee-Do;Rhee, Young Kyoung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.743-750
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    • 2012
  • A tissue cultured wild ginseng (TCWG) suspension was inoculated with lactic acid bacteria and fermented to improve the functionality of TCWG. The utilization of TCWG was increased directly using the freeze-dried powder. The optimal ratio of TCWG powder and water for fermentation was 1:19 (5%), which was selected by measuring the fluidity and viable cell count according to concentration. The effects on ADH activation and immune cell activation by each ferments with 10 kinds of Lactobacillus sp. strains were examined. The ferments with the Lactobacillus casei KFRI 692 strain showed 5.4 times higher ADH activity and 1.3 times higher ALDH activity than the non-fermented TCWG powder (control). The level of NO production and cytotoxicity was also measured by Raw 264.7 cells. The ferment with the Lac. casei KFRI 692 strain showed the highest level of NO production and lower cytotoxicity than the others. Therefore, the Lac. casei KFRI 692 strain was selected as a strain for fermentation of a TCWG suspension to maximize its functionality. To identify the optimal fermentation time of the selected Lac. casei KFRI 692 strain on the 5% TCWG suspension, the viable cell count of lactic acid bacterial and the changes in pH were observed for 72 hours. 24-hrs was found to be the optimal fermentation time. In this way, fermented TCWG with lactic acid bacteria showed higher ADH activation efficacy and immune cell activation than non-fermented TCWG.

사람의 Serine palmitoryl transferase II 및 ceramidase의 promoter에 대한 연구

  • Kim, Hui-Suk;Song, Seong-Gwang;Lee, Eun-Yeol;Lee, Sang-Do;Linn, Steve;Merrill, Alfred H.
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2000.04a
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    • pp.588-591
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    • 2000
  • Serine palmitoyl transferase(SPT) and ceramidase are the key enzymes in sphingolipid biosynthesis. To study sphingolipid metabolism, we have got the 5'-upstream regions of human serine palmitoyl transferase subunit II and acid ceramidase gene by using GenomeWalker kits(Clontech Co.). Human genomic DNA was purified from HT29, human colon canser cell line by using DNAzol. We got several bands after secondary PCR and subcloned them to T7bule vector. Human SPTII promoter which we got was 2690bp but we cut it with Bgl II and vector with Bgl II and BamH I, and subcloned 1782bp to pGL2-enhancer vector and pGL2-basic vector with luciferase reporter gene. Human acid ceramidase promoter which we got were 2028bp and 1034bp and subcloned to pGL2-enhancer vector and pGL2-basic vector. We transfected these promoters to HT29 cell and assayed luciferase activity. For measuring transfection efficiency, pRL-TK vector with seapancy luciferase reproter gene was cotransfected with these promoters.

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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol and Hot Water Extracts of Pholiota nameko Fruiting Bodies (맛버섯 자실체의 메탄올 및 열수추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 활성)

  • Nguyen, Trung Kien;Shin, Do Bin;Lee, Su Min;Im, Kyung Hoan;Lee, Tae Soo;Lee, U Youn
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.97-103
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    • 2013
  • Pholiota nameko is an edible mushroom belonged to Family Strophariaceae of Agaricales, Basidiomycota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities for the methanol and hot water extracts prepared from fruiting bodies of Pholiota nameko. Besides measuring for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, a reducing power and a chelating activity on ferrous ions were also measured to evaluate the antioxidant activity for those extracts. To measure the anti-inflammatory activities for the extracts, nitric oxide(NO) production from lipopolysaccharide treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and carrageenan-induced acute hind paw edema of rats were investigated. The results showed that those extracts has a excellent chelating activity on the ferrous ions compared with positive controls. And it also turned out that extracts had a good DPPH activity and a reducing power. The NO production in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were decreasing as we increased concentration of those mushroom extracts. Significant reduction of paw edema were also observed at 2~6 h after we treated methanol and hot-water extracts at the 50 mg/kg concentration to the rats which are induced acute hind paw edema by carrageenan treatment. The experimental results suggested that methanol and hot-water extracts of Pholiota nameko fruiting bodies might be used for potential source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

The Effects of Selenium on Cadmium-Induced Toxicity and Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Hepatocyte Primary Culture (랫드 간세포 일차배양에서 셀레늄이 카드뮴에 의해 유도된 독성 및 지질과산화에 미치는 영향)

  • Rhim, Tae-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.94-99
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    • 2003
  • The objective of present study was to investigate the antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of selenium on cadmium-induced toxicity and lipid peroxidation in rat hepatocyte primary culture. To do this, two separate experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were incubated for 6 hr in the presence of various concentrations (1, 10, 50, 100, and $500\;{\mu}M$) of cadmium chloride. Cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation were evaluated using the MTT assay and TBARS assay, respectively. Antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects were determined by measuring the activity of GOT and GSH-Px, respectively. Cell viability was reduced and lipid peroxidation was increased by cadmium in dose-dependent manners. There was significantly negative correlation (r=-0.943, p<0.01) between cell viability and lipid peroxidation GOT activity was increased and GSH-Px activity was decreased by cadmium at the concentration of $50\;{\mu}M$. In Experiment 2, primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were incubated for 6hr in the presence of 100\;{\mu}M$ of cadmium chloride and various concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 ppm) of sodium selenite to assess the effect of selenium on cadmium-induced toxicity and lipid peroxidation. Cell viability and GSH-Px activity were increased by sodium selenite at the concentration of 1 ppm Whereas, lipid peroxidation and GOT activity were reduced by 0.1 ppm of sodium selenite. These results demonstrate that selenium has an antioxidative and hepatoprotective potentials against cadmium.

Developing a Scale for Measuring the Constraints in Physical Activity of People with Physical Disabilities - Verification of Factor Structure and Related Criterion Validity - (지체장애인의 운동참여제약 측정척도 개발 -요인구조 탐색과 준거관련타당도 검증-)

  • Seo, Eunchul;Baek, Jae keun
    • 재활복지
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.253-277
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study was to develop the Constraints in Physical Activity Scale for people with physical Disabilities(CPASD) which measures the constraints in physical activity of people with physical disabilities. For this study, the 5 step analytic framework of unified validity developed by Messick (1995), the framework for conducting a strong program of construct validation by Benson (1998) method were applied. Furthermore, the validity of CPASD was systematically presented by applying common factor model and measurement model to 264 persons with physical disabilities. The conclusion based on the results and discussions of this study is as follows. First, CPASD presented evidence of job validity. Four factors (17 items) were developed, consisting of leader constraints, economic constraints, prejudice, and exercise environment constraints through the analysis of the factor structure and the fit of factor coefficients. Second, the factor structure of the developed CPASD (leader constraint, economic constraint, prejudice, exercise environment constraint) was statistically distinguished and stably reflected the existing exercise participation constraints theory. Third, the developed CPASD presented evidence of the validity of the criteria. Leader constraints and prejudice were negatively correlated with positive motor emotions, leader constraints, prejudice, and exercise environment constraints were positively correlated with negative motor emotions. Therefore, in future research, it is necessary to reevaluate the current system and actual condition related to leader constraints, economic constraints, prejudices, and exercise environment constraints derived as factors of CPASD. To do this, it is necessary to judge the degree of reality based on the causal relationship verification and IRT theory using CPASD.

Experimental Study on Biological Activity Analysis through Measuring Skin Temperature of Honeybee and Butterfly using Thermographic Camera (열화상카메라를 이용한 유시아강 곤충 꿀벌과 나비의 피부온도 측정과 이를 활용한 생체 활동 특성에 대한 실험 연구)

  • Kim, Jeongbae
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.60-66
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    • 2021
  • Various insects live around us. Nowadays, insects are raised as a hobby at home or medicinal insects are bred in large quantities for commercial purposes. In addition, various studies have been conducted to understand the various growth characteristics of insects. In the laboratory, environmental factors were changed to do that, but only the growth characteristics could be analyzed. However, it is almost not easy to measure the skin temperature or body temperature basically needed to reveal the growth characteristics in the case of insects. In particular, the results of experiments on the skin temperature of winged insects are very insufficient. In this study, the skin temperature of insects was photographed and measured for bees and butterflies living in natural conditions under various biological activity conditions such as at rest and during flight using a thermal imaging camera, a non-contact temperature measurement method. Through quantitative analysis of the experimental results, the relationship between the biological activity characteristics of each insect and the skin temperature resulting from such biological activity was investigated. In addition, it was confirmed that honeybees maintained different skin temperatures for three important activities, such as flying, honey collection, and relocation, and that the butterflies performed a warm-up stage for flight similar to the characteristics of moths.

The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Persicaria thunbergii Extracts on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells (Lipopolysaccharide로 처리 된 RAW264.7 세포에서 고마리 추출물의 항염증 효과)

  • Kim, Sang-Bo;Seong, Yeong-Ae;Jang, Hee-Jae;Kim, Gun-Do
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.21 no.12
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    • pp.1689-1697
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    • 2011
  • In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammation effect of Persicaria thunbergii (P. thunbergii) on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. The anti-inflammatory activity of P. thunbergii was determined by measuring expression of the LPS-induced inflammatory proteins, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$), and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$). Methanol extract of P. thunbergii decreased the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-${\kappa}B$, and increased the expression of HO-1 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Methanol extract was fractioned by n-butanol, hexane and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and each fraction was tested for inhibitory effects on inflammation. Among the sequential solvent fractions, the EtOAc soluble fraction was investigated by the expression of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and showed decreasing form to the dose-dependent manner. EtOAc extract showed the most effective inhibitory activity of the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-${\kappa}B$, and the production of NO. The study showed that P. thunbergii has anti-inflammatory activity through the decrease of NO and inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, $PGE_2$ and NF-${\kappa}B$ expression, and by the increase of HO-1 enzyme. This study needs for more investigation to find out the most effective single compound with anti-inflammatory activity.

LC-MS/MS Screening Method for Radical Scavenging Active Compounds in Extracts of Ulmus pumila Cortex (유근피 추출물의 radical 소거 활성 성분에 대한 LC-MS/MS 스크리닝 분석법)

  • Im, Do-Youn;Lee, Kyoung-In
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.30 no.11
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    • pp.956-964
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    • 2020
  • The radical scavenging activity measurement system linked with liquid chromatography (LC) is a useful tool for identifying the radical scavenging active compound in a sample composed of numerous compounds such as plant extracts. Using this system, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were measured on extracts of Ulmus pumila cortex, which is known as an herbal medicine with antioxidant activity. Mass spectrometry (MS) was performed on the identified radical scavenging active compounds to identify the four components estimated to be procyanidin B2, procyanidin B3, catechin-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside, and catechin-5-O-β-D-apiofuranoside, respectively. In order to compare the relative contents between extract samples, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode analysis conditions were set for the four compounds in order to examine the possibility of comparing the content of radical scavenging active compounds in Ulmus pumila cortex extract using LC-MS/MS. As a result of the relative content comparison, it was found that the higher the ethanol concentration of the extraction solvent, the higher the content of radical scavenging active compounds. As with the results of measuring the radical scavenging activity of each extract, it was confirmed that the content difference of three of the compounds (all except the compound estimated as procyanidin B3) was not significantly observed in the extracts with an ethanol concentration of 50% or more.