• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2022

Purpose : This study compared the cost-effectiveness ratio of physical therapy in health centers and home physical therapy, two physical therapy methods for home-bound stroke patients, and clarified the economic validity regarding the effect of home physical therapy. Methods : To measure and compare the cost and effectiveness of the two physical therapy methods for stroke patients, subjects were recruited based on in-hospital and home physical therapy. Among the entire data collected, 82 and 90 participants were selected for in-hospital and home physical therapy, respectively. To measure costs, regarding both in-hospital and home physical therapy, direct cost and indirect cost for patients, family, medical institutes, and the government were measured. In addition, activities of daily living were measured in both methods to measure their effectiveness. Through collected data, the cost-effectiveness and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were analyzed. Results : Based on the analysis of cost-effectiveness, home physical therapy showed lower cost-effectiveness than in-hospital physical therapy. Furthermore, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio also showed a difference, which implied home physical therapy could have high effectiveness compared to cost. Conclusion : Based on these results, home physical therapy could be considered as an alternativeto other methods of physical therapy, for home-bound stroke patients. In addition, the result of thisstudy contribute by providing evidence that home physical therapy offers economic benefits and canbe more effective in treating home-bound patients when policy decisions are made to establish a home physical therapy system.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.95-107
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study compared two measures of traffic flow effectiveness on roads with roundabouts and signalized intersections and determined the more appropriate measure. METHODS : In addition to average delay time, the conventionally used measure, average travel time was introduced to measure traffic flow effectiveness because it is able to be obtained through field survey and reflect different travel distances and speed limits of roundabouts and signalized intersections. Using the two measures, roundabouts and signalized intersections were compared through simulations in terms of traffic flow effectiveness. RESULTS : For one-way single-lane roads, the two measures indicated consistent results that roundabouts were more effective than were signalized intersections when the traffic volume was less than 300 vphpl but vice versa when it exceeded 450 vphpl; however, the measures yielded inconsistent results when the volume was 350~400 vphpl. For one-way double-lane roads, the two measures indicated consistent results that roundabouts were more effective than were signalized intersections when the volume was less than 200 vphpl but vice versa when it exceeded 400 vphpl; however, the measures yielded inconsistent results when the volume was 250~350 vphpl. The results obtained using the two measures differed substantially for double-lane roads because behaviors such as weaving and lane changing at roundabouts are more common in double-lane roads than in single-lane roads. CONCLUSIONS : The average delay time would be lower on roads with roundabouts, but average travel time would be lower on roads with signalized intersections. Thus, evaluating the relative effectiveness of roads with roundabouts and signalized intersections by using average delay time alone would be inappropriate, whereas using average travel time as the evaluation index would yield fairer results.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2013

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to develop an effectiveness analysis method of exclusive median bus lanes, which is necessary in order to improve operation efficiency of exclusive median bus lanes. METHODS : The operation characteristics of "signalized intersection including exclusive median bus lanes" and "normal signalized intersection" were investigated and the existing capacity analysis method was also reviewed to analyze the effectiveness of exclusive median bus lanes. Delay reduction of passengers using exclusive median bus lanes which can be considered as the benefit of exclusive median bus lanes and the number of people in buses were included in the proposed effectiveness analysis method. RESULTS : It was found that the proposed method expresses properly the effectiveness of exclusive median bus lanes through performing sensitivity analysis and analyzing with the real data of the number of people in buses and passenger cars. It was also found that the proposed method demonstrates the effectiveness that measure of effectiveness of signalized intersections is changed to "sec/person". CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the method is a proper effectiveness analysis method because it can reflect the benefit of passengers in buses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.624-627
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• 2000

The shielding effectiveness of materials is determined by measuring the ratio of the incident electromagnetic power which passes through the material under test. To measure the shielding effectiveness materials made by conductive polymer, the flanged coaxial transmission-line holder based in ASTM D4935-89, was fabricated. This apparatus has dynamic range between 95dB and 120dB in frequency range of 50Mhz-2Ghz. Furthermore, this system can be utilized to measure the shielding effectiveness of materials produced by conductive polymer and can be adapted for shielding materials design.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.16
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• pp.177-205
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• 1989

Retrieval effectiveness is the principal criteria for measuring the performance of an information retrieval system. This paper deals with the characteristics of 'relevance' of information and various measuring techniques of retrieval effectivess. The outlines of this study are as follows: 1) Relevance decision for evaluation should be devided into the user-oriented and the system-oriented decisions. 2) The recall-precision measure seems to be user-oriented, and the recall-fallout measure to be system-oriented. 3) Many of composite measures can not be justified III any rational manner unfortunately. 4) The Swets model has demonstrated that it yields, in general, a straight line instead of a curve of varying curvature and emphasized the fundamentally probabilistic nature of information retrieval. 5) The Cooper model seems to be a good substitute for precision and a useful measure for systems which ranked documents. 6) The Rocchio model were proposed for the evaluation of retreval systems which ranked documents, and were designed to be independent of cut-off. 7) The Cawkell model suggested that the Shannon's equation for entropy can be applied to measuring of retrieval effectiveness.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.350-353
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• 2009

The shielding enclosure is very essential device to test the electromagnetic wave power generated by various RF equipments. Some standards for the shielding enclosures were established to test them in right method. Generally, There are IEEE-STD-299 and MIL-STD-285 and NSA-65-6 of the method for measuring the effectiveness of shielding enclosures, the IEEE-STD-299 combined MIL-STD-285 and NSA-65-6 about the method for measuring shielding effectiveness(SE) about 1969 years, but, the measurement point of 299 proposal is many points(including shielding wall, seam, coner beat, shielding door, etc) and demand long time of measurement. To improve SE test method for shielding enclosures was studied and suggested to develop a proper test procedure. First, we measure reference level as frequency range and H/V polarization, secondly, measure leakage point, and finally, measure shield effect and calculate SE. Our method has a merit of the less measurement point than IEEE-STD-299, and shorten time than 299, and define representation SE of shielding enclosure effectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.272-287
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• 2012

The optimal use of sonar systems for detection is a practical problem in a given ocean environment. In order to quantify the mission achievability in general, measure of effectiveness(MOE) is defined for specific missions. In this paper, using the specific MOE for detection, which is represented as cumulative detection probability(CDP), an integrated software package named as Optimal Acoustic Search Path Planning(OASPP) is developed. For a given ocean environment and sonar systems, the discrete observations for detection probability(PD) are used to calculate CDP incorporating sonar and environmental parameters. Also, counter-detection probability is considered for vulnerability analysis for a given scenario. Through modeling and simulation for a simple case for which an intuitive solution is known, the developed code is verified.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-75
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• 2002

This study was intended to develop a new measure for environmental education research, named ‘Subjectively Responsible Environmental Behavior(SREB), in order to overcome a few of limitations embedded in the previous measures. The results of the study suggested that there were several barriers for learners to take environment-friendly actions, willingness to act was always stronger than self-reported act and the degree of discrepancy between willingness to act and self-reported act is correlated with perceived effectiveness, perceived difficulty, and expected guilty. In terms of participation, this study defined one of major missions of environmental educators is to help learners to identify and overcome such barriers. A new measure that this study has proposed can be better utilized to evaluate effectiveness of environmental education curriculum or programs and find information necessary for modifying the programs than to assess learners' achievement. Some limitations of the proposed measure were also discussed.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2012

This paper discusses a new weighting method for text analyzing from the view point of supervised learning. The term frequency and inverse term frequency measure (tf-idf measure) is famous weighting method for information retrieval, and this method can be used for text analyzing either. However, it is an experimental weighting method for information retrieval whose effectiveness is not clarified from the theoretical viewpoints. Therefore, other effective weighting measure may be obtained for document classification problems. In this study, we propose the optimal weighting method for document classification problems from the view point of supervised learning. The proposed measure is more suitable for the text classification problem as used training data than the tf-idf measure. The effectiveness of our proposal is clarified by simulation experiments for the text classification problems of newspaper article and the customer review which is posted on the web site.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.241-256
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• 2015

In order to ensure that all firms are cyber-secure, many governments have started to enforce the implementation of various security measures on firms. Prior to the implementation, however, it is vague whether government enforced security measures will be effective for mitigating cyber-security risks. By applying a method for estimating the effectiveness of a mandatory seatbelt law in reducing fatalities from motor vehicle accidents, this study develops an ex ante evaluation method that can approximate the effectiveness of a government enforced security measure in reducing country-wide or industry-wide cyber-security risks. Using data obtained from the Korean Internet and Security Agency, this study then explores how to employ the developed method to assess the effectiveness of a specific security measure in mitigating cyber-security risks, if enforced by the government, and compares the effectiveness of various security measures. The comparison shows that compulsory security training has the highest effectiveness.