• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1111-1119
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to analyze post-weaning reproductive performance of Large White sows in relation to season, parity and their lactation performance under tropical conditions in Guadeloupe (French West Indies, $16^{\circ}$ Lat. N, $61^{\circ}$ Long. W.). This work was based on data recorded in the experimental unit of INRA from January 1993 to December 2003. Two seasons were determined a posteriori from climatic parameters recorded continuously in a station close to the experimental unit. Mean ambient temperature was higher during the hot season than the warm season ($26^{\circ}C$ vs. $24^{\circ}C$) but relative humidity was comparable for both seasons (i.e. 87% on average). Season had a significant effect on all reproductive parameters analyzed. Primiparous sows weaned in the hot season had a higher probability of a prolonged weaning to estrus interval, WEI (odds ratio was 4.1; p<0.01) but multiparous sows were not affected. A higher probability of a prolonged weaning to conception interval, WCI (odds ratio >2.5, p<0.01) and a lower subsequent farrowing rate (-10%, p<0.01) were found for sows weaned in the hot season. A higher daily feed intake during lactation reduced the probability of a prolonged WEI (p<0.05). Body weight and average back-fat thickness at farrowing affected WEI and WCI (p<0.05), whereas body weight and average backfat thickness change in lactation did not. This study confirms the negative effects of the hot season on primiparous reproductive performance. It also indicates that lactation performance influences sow non-productive period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1136-1141
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• 2011

Effect of dietary essential oils on growth, feed utilization and meat yields of white leg shrimp L. vannamei was investigated. White shrimp fry weighing 0.62 g were kept in one of 12 tanks (75 head/500 L holding tank) in a closed recirculation system. Four experimental diets, a commercial diet (control), phytoncide oil (PO), oregano oil (OO) and fermented garlic liquid (GL) were fed for 16 weeks. The mean water quality values for the whole experimental period were $27.8{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $7.6{\pm}0.3$, $15.5{\pm}0.3$ g/L and $6.1{\pm}0.3$ mg/L for water temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen, respectively. At the end of the trial, 10 shrimp per tank were randomly sampled and meat yields (%) were evaluated after peeling the shell and removing the head. After a 16 week feeding trial, final weight of shrimp ranged from 21.9 g to 23.6 g. Feed conversion was not significantly different among groups (p>0.05), which was the lowest (1.95) in the control and highest (2.30) in the PO. Specific growth rate was also not significantly different (p>0.05) and ranged from 3.18% to 3.25%. Average daily gain of 0.2 g was obtained in all treatments. Mortality varied from 35.1% for control to 44.9% for OO. Meat yields maintained constant at 52.1% for control to 53.0% for PO. The study suggested that natural essential oils could not exert any improvement in growth performance, mortality and meat yields of white leg shrimp.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1999

Prediction of rice developmental stage is necessary for proper crop management and a prerequisite for growth simulation as well. The objectives of the present study were to find out the relationship between the plastochrone index(PI) and the developmental index(DVI) estimated by non-parametric phenology model which simulates the duration from seedling emergence(DVI=0) to heading(DVI=l) by employing daily mean air temperature and daylength as predictor variables, and to confirm the correspondency of developmental indice to panicle developmental stages based on this relationship. Four japonica rice cultivars, Kwanakbyeo, Sangpungbyeo, Dongjinbyeo, and Palgumbyeo which range from very early to very late in maturity, were grown by sowing directly in dry paddy field five times at an interval of two weeks. Data for seedling emergence, leaf appearance, differentiation stage of primary rachis branch and heading were collected. The non-parametric phenology model predicted well the duration from seedling emergence to heading with errors of less than three days in all sowings and cultivars. PI was calculated for every leaf appearance and related to the developmental index estimated for corresponding PI. The stepwise polynomial analysis produced highly significant square-rooted cubic or biquadratic equations depending on cultivars, and highly significant square-rooted biquadratic equation for pooled data across cultivars without any considerable reduction in accuracy compared to that for each cultivar. To confirm the applicability of this equation in predicting the panicle developmental stage, DVI at differentiation stage of primary rachis branch primordium was calculated by substituting PI with 82 corresponding to this stage, and the duration reaching this DVI from seedling emergence was estimated. The estimated duration revealed a good agreement with that observed in all sowings and cultivars. The deviations between the estimated and the observed were not greater than three days, and significant difference in accuracy was not found for predicting this developmental stage between those equations derived for each cultivar and for pooled data across all cultivars tested.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.272-282
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• 2004

Stress is a primary health promotion issue in worksite research because psychological distress is closely related not only to workers　 health status but also to their job performance. This study identified the work environment and work condition factors affecting workers　 stress symptoms among the Korean manufacturing factory workers. A total of 7,818 factory workers employed in 1,562 manufacturing companies participated in the Korean nation-wide occupational health survey conducted by the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency in 2003. Participants were selected by the stratified proportional sampling process by standardized industry classification, company size, and locations. Trained interviewers visited the target companies and interviewed the factory workers randomly selected in each company. Work environments included physical work environments (temperature, noise, hazardous organic compounds, and so on) and psychological work environments (job demands, job control, and social support at work), and work conditions included daily working hour, rest time, and so on. Men were 71.5% and the mean age was 34.0 years old. The average working period in the present company was 6.9 years. The average stress score was 26.2 under the perfect score, 50, which means the moderate level of stress. Perceived stress had significant correlations with young age, poor physical work environment, high fatigue, bad perceived health status, and high job demands in Pearson's simple correlation analysis. Perceived health status and perceived fatigue explained 21% variance of stress symptoms and the work environment factor explained 4.8% of that; however, work condition did not have the sufficient effect. In particular, psychosocial work environment variables (job demand, job control, and social support at work) had a clear effect on stress symptoms rather than the physical work environments. Poor perceived health status, severe perceived fatigue, poor physical work environment, high job demands, low social support, heavy alcohol consumption and little exercise were significantly related to high stress symptoms in the Korean manufacturing workers.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.529-532
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• 2008

우리나라에 제설제 피해가 발생하는 곳은 일평균기온이 0$^{\circ}C$이하로 되는 경우이므로 국내에서는 거의 모든 지역이 해당될 수 있다. 따라서, 다소 정도의 차이는 있으나 전국적으로 대부분의 강재 및 콘크리트 구조물이 동결융해 및 염해의 피해를 받고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 현재 주로 사용되고 있는 제설제는 염화물계인 염화칼슘과 소금이나, 이러한 염화물계 제설제를 많이 사용하게 됨에 따라 콘크리트 구조물의 조기 손상 및 환경피해로 인한 유지관리 비용이 크게 증가하고 있다. 따라서, 염화물계 제설제가 대량 살포되고 동결융해에 의한 동해를 받는 적설한랭지에서의 콘크리트 구조물 및 환경에 미치는 심각한 악영향에 대한 대책 방안을 강구하여야 하는 실정이다. 위와같은 취지로서 본 연구에서는 염화물계 제설제의 대체제로 친환경적인 비염화물계 제설제의 적용방안을 검토하기 위하여 강재의 부식 및 콘크리트의 동결융해에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 비염화물계 제설제와 일반 제설제와의 pH 및 유해물질 함유량을 비교하였고 강재부식성 시험 및 동결융해 저항성 시험을 실시하여 그 성능을 평가하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.593-596
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• 2008

제설제는 눈이나 얼음을 제거하기 위해 사용되는 것이므로, 언제나 결빙과 융해 현상이 함께 일어나는 환경에서 사용된다. 물은 온도가 저하되어 콘크리트 내부에서 얼음으로 생성되고, 이로 인한 팽창효과가 콘크리트 내부의 공극에 의해 해소되지 않는 경우 파괴를 일으킨다. 이러한 결빙 현상이 제설제 살포와 함께 일어나는 경우 콘크리트의 열화 요인에서 알 수 있듯이 순수한 물의 결빙보다 훨씬 복잡하고 심각한 피해를 일으킨다. 특히, L형측구, 다이크, 난간방호벽, 중분대, 방음벽등의 소구조물은 염화물과 동결융해 환경에 직접적으로 노출되어 있어 콘크리트 표면이 박리되는 현상(scaling)과 철근부식 등을 일으켜 손상의 가속화로 구조물의 내구성이 급격하게 저하되어 콘크리트 표면에 표면보호재를 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 소구조물의 동해 및 염해에 의한 중성화, 스켈링, 단면손실 등 피해에 대한 적정 보수방안 수립을 위해 콘크리트 표면보호재를 염수침지에 의한 동결융해시험 후와 촉진탄산화시험을 실시하여 부착강도 및 중성화깊이를 비교분석 하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.561-564
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• 2008

콘크리트의 동결융해 작용에 의한 내구성능 저하는 콘크리트 내부의 수분이 동결융해 작용을 반복적으로 받아 균열이 발생하거나 표층부가 박리함으로서 표면부분으로 부터 점차적으로 떨어져나가 콘크리트의 내구성능이 저하되는 현상을 말한다. 우리나라에의 경우 겨울철에 대부분 일평균기온이 0$^{\circ}C$이하로 되는 경우가 많으므로 거의 모든 지역이 매년 동결융해의 피해를 받고 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 다소 정도의 차이는 있으나 전국적으로 대부분의 콘크리트 구조물이 동결융해 및 제설제의 염해 피해 함께 받아 복합적인 열화를 받고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 그중 콘크리트포장 고속도로의 경우 기상작용 및 자동차에 의한 지속적인 피해를 받기 때문에 콘크리트구조물에 비해 더욱 많은 피해를 입고 있으며, 이로 인한 보수 및 보강에 대한 비용이 해마다 증가하는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 고속도로 구조물의 용도로 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 40, 27, 21 MPa, 포장용 콘크리트로 현행 표준 배합비를 바탕으로 포장콘크리트의 동결융해 특성을 평가하기 제설제에 따른 동결융해 시험을 통해 동결융해저항성 및 중량감소율을 비교 분석하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.565-568
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• 2008

우리나라의 경우 매년 전국적으로 일평균기온이 0$^{\circ}C$이하로 되는 경우가 대부분이므로 거의 모든 지역의 콘크리트가 반복되는 동결융해의 피해를 입고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 동결융해의 반복에 대한 콘크리트의 내구성은 콘크리트의 공기량과 매우 관계가 깊다. 따라서, 현재 콘크리트의 동결융해에 대한 저항성을 향상시키기 위해 AE제 등을 사용하고 있으며 콘크리트의 기포간극계수를 $250{\mu}m$ 이하로 권장하고 있다. 외국의 경우도 마찬가지로 AE제 및 감수제에 관한 품질규격에서 기포간극계수를 캐나다의 경우 각각 $200{\mu}m$ 이하 및 $230{\mu}m$ 이하로 규정하고 있으며 일본학회에서도 기포간극계수 $250{\mu}m$ 이하가 적당하다고 보고되고 있다. 또한, 융설제와 동결융해의 복합작용에 의해 콘크리트의 스켈링 저항성을 향상시키는 데에도 일반 동해와 마찬가지로 공기량이 상당히 중요하다고 알려져 있다. 따라서, 반복되는 동결융해에 의한 동해를 동시에 받는 복합열화 환경하에 있는 일반콘크리트의 내구성에 크게 영향을 미치는 인자로 알려져 있는 공기량에 따른 동결융해 내구성을 알아보고자 Non AE(공기량 1.5%), AE(공기량 4.5%, 7.2%) 콘크리트를 통해 동결융해에 따른 상대동탄성계수와 중량감소율, 스켈링 저항성 및 공극특성을 비교검토 하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.35-44
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• 1981

This experiment was conducted to find out the consumptive use of irrigated water for calculation of duty water in paddy rice. Tall statured Japonica rice varieties, Nongbaek (early), Jinheung (medium) and Akibare (late), and short statured Tongil typed varieties, Josaeng Tongil(early), Suweon 264 (medium) and Suweon 258(late) were planted on the experimental farm of Kon-Kuk University in 1979. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. During the experimental period, the daily mean temperature was almost similar, the relative humidity was higher as much as 2.8%, the amount of rain fall was 100mm less and the pan evaporation was 70mm less compared with those of 30 years average, respectively. 2. The paddy soil was silty loam, which was suitable for the rice cultivation. 3. Varietal differences were find out for plant height, culm length, number of tillers, number of panicles, heading date, matured grain ratio, 1000-grain weight and rough rice yield. This difference might he the cause of varietal difference of the consumptive use of irrigated water during the rice growing period. 4. The evapotranspiration was gradually increased after transplanting and showed the peak from booting to heading stage of rice varieties. The average evapotranspiration through the whole growing period was 5.67-5. 80mm/day for tall statured Japonica varieties, and 5.99-6. 39mm/day for short statured Tongil typed varieties. 5. The ratio of evapotranspiration to pan-evaporation through the whole growing period was 1.49-1.50 for Japonica varieties, and 1.60-1.66 for Tongil typed varies. 6. Average amount of percolation in paddy field was 3. 62mm/day through the whole growing period of rice plant. 7. K-value in Blaney & Criddle formula was 0.94-0.98 for Japonica varieties and 1.02-1.08 for Tongil typed varieties, and coefficient consumptive water use (Kc-value) was 0.95-1.02 for Japonica varieties and 1.04-1.12 for Tongil typed varieties in this study. The modified coefficient for consumptive water use, which was calculated from data collected through the country including this study, was as follows;

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2008

The impact on streamflow and groundwater recharge considering future potential climate and land use change was assessed using SLURP (Semi-distributed Land-Use Runoff Process) continuous hydrologic model. The model was calibrated and verified using 4 years (1999-2002) daily observed streamflow data for a $260.4km^2$ which has been continuously urbanized during the past couple of decades. The model was calibrated and validated with the coefficient of determination and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ranging from 0.8 to 0.7 and 0.7 to 0.5, respectively. The CCCma CGCM2 data by two SRES (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) climate change scenarios (A2 and B2) of the IPCC (Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change) were adopted and the future weather data was downscaled by Delta Change Method using 30 years (1977 - 2006, baseline period) weather data. The future land uses were predicted by CA (Cellular Automata)-Markov technique using the time series land use data of Landsat images. The future land uses showed that the forest and paddy area decreased 10.8 % and 6.2 % respectively while the urban area increased 14.2 %. For the future vegetation cover information, a linear regression between monthly NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from NOAA/AVHRR images and monthly mean temperature using five years (1998 - 2002) data was derived for each land use class. The future highest NDVI value was 0.61 while the current highest NDVI value was 0.52. The model results showed that the future predicted runoff ratio ranged from 46 % to 48 % while the present runoff ratio was 59 %. On the other hand, the impact on runoff ratio by land use change showed about 3 % increase comparing with the present land use condition. The streamflow and groundwater recharge was big decrease in the future.