• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to elucidate the seasonal prevalence of adult mosquitoes and occurrence of anopheline larvae in Gimpo, Gyeonggi province, Republic of Korea. Sampling of adult mosquitoes was carried out 18 times from May to September in 2008, using light traps at six sites. A total of 48,919 individuals belonging to 16 species and 8 genera were collected. Aedes vexans nipponii (43%) was the most frequently collected, followed by Anopheles sinensis (34%) and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (14%). The seasonal prevalence of anopheline mosquitoes had a different occurrence compared to that of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Anopheline larvae were collected using a standard dipper (size = of 350 ml) at eight habitat types of 203 point locations. Anopheline larvae were confirmed from 138 points (63%). The average larval population per dipper was highest in the lotus plantation (6.9 individuals), followed by irrigation channel (4.5 ind.), dropwort field (3.4 ind.), fallow field (3.1 ind.), paddy field (1.8 ind.), swamp (1.4 ind.), and stream (0.2 ind.). There was no significant relationship observed between larval density and DO, pH, salinity, or distance from blood meal hosts (cowshed, pigsty, chicken-house). In the results of average nearest neighbor analysis (ANNA), the distribution of whole points for mosquito larval collection was clustered, and points with over 4.0 larvae per dipper were randomly distributed. Within the study area Haseong-myeon, those points where over 3.0 larvae were collected were of a dispersed distribution.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.140-144
• /
• 2001

Field investigations were initiated to determine possible new 'ssam' vegetable that could be grown during the summer season in highland. Korean 'ssam' means cooked rice in vegetables. The 'ssam' vegetable is called that those leaves has been used for wrapping at meal. Seventeen leafy vegetables were studied, including chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. flavescens DC.), leaf broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), Chinese leek (Allium tuberosum Rottl.), Japanese hornwort (Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk), red leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.), green leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.), leaf parsley (Petroselinum crispum Nijim), pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Jusl.) tatsoi (Brassica campestris var. narisoma), kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), collard (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), Korean mint (Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze), romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam.), red leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. folisum), red chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. folisum), green leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. folisum), and sprouting broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica). Date of the first harvest in 1999 was July 10th in chard, leaf broccoli, red mustard, mustard, leaf parsley, pakchoi, tatsoi, kale, collard, Korean mint, red leaf chicory, red chicory, green leaf chicory, and sprouting broccoli. Date of the first harvest for Chinese leek, Japanese hornwort, and romaine lettuce was from the middle of June to the late of August. Based on ratings on marketable yield, we found good leaf shape, taste and yield in chard, red leaf mustard, green leaf mustard, pakchoi, tatsoi, romaine lettuce, red leaf chicory, red chicory, and green leaf chicory. Even though the most of all these vegetables were obtained high scores by test panels in shape, taste and quality, but some of them revealed inadequate leaf size as a 'ssam' vegetable. That problem will be solved by control of harvesting time. On the basis of this observation, chard, red leaf mustard, green leaf mustard, pakchoi, tatsoi, romaine lettuce, red leaf chicory, red chicory, and green leaf chicory were rated as promising 'ssam' vegetable by analysis of profits, adaptation, and quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutritional knowledge, practice of eating behavior guidelines, and problematic dietary habits in working high school students in comparison with non-working high school students. A survey questionnaire was formulated to obtain information on demographic variables, body size, part-time jobs, nutritional knowledge, practice of eating behavior guidelines, and dietary habits. The developed questionnaire was given out to 515 students attending a vocational high school in Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do. Those who had been working 5 hours or more per day for at least a month at the time of survey administration were defined as working students for this study. Proportions of working students were similar between male and female students (i.e. 49.5% for male, 50.5% for female). No significant difference was found in scores of nutritional knowledge between working ($8.43{\pm}2.29$) and non-working students ($8.60{\pm}2.19$). However, some dietary habits were found to be dependent on working status. While approximately 43% of non-working students reported skipping a meal, about 57% of working students did so (p<0.01). The proportion of students with any drinking experience was significantly higher among working students (92%) compared to non-working students (80%) (p<0.001). Working students were found to drink alcoholic beverages more often than non-working students (p<0.001). The mean score of practice of eating behavior guidelines was lower in working students than non-working students. The magnitude of this difference was modest ($51.33{\pm}0.63$ in working students, $53.40{\pm}0.51$ in non-working students), but reached statistical significance (p<0.01). Based on the findings from this study, it is suggested that specific behavior-oriented messages to improve certain problematic dietary habits need to be directed toward working high school students.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.66 no.1
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of feeding frequency on a sow's reproductive performance and stress response during gestation. A total of twenty multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace) were used in a completely randomized design based on their parity, body weight (BW), and backfat thickness (BFT), and the sows were allotted to two different feeding systems: 1) once daily feeding (OF) and 2) twice daily feeding (TF) in corn-soybean meal based diets. The gestation diet was formulated to contain 3,265 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME) / kg, 12.90% of crude protein (CP), and 0.75 % of total lysine. The lactation diet was formulated to contain 3,265 kcal of ME / kg, 16.80% of CP, and 1.08% of total lysine and provided ad libitum during lactation. In gestation, sow BFT and BF changes were not affected by feeding frequency, but higher BW and BW gain from day 35 to 90 and day 35 to 110 were observed in OF sow (p < 0.10). In lactation, feeding frequency did not influence on BW, BW gain, BFT, BF changes, average daily feed intake, and wean-to-estrus interval. Also, there were no differences in litter size, litter weight and piglet weight in lactating sows. OF sows had higher (p < 0.05; p < 0.10) protein, solid-not-fat, and total solid concentrations in colostrum compared to TF sows, while OF sows had a lower (p < 0.05) lactose concentration in colostrum compared to TF sows. Sows in OF showed significantly lower average daily water consumption (ADWC) from day 35 to 110 of gestation (p < 0.05). While there were no significant differences in stereotypic behaviors and salivary cortisol levels during gestation between treatments, the OF sows showed less time spending on the activity at day 105 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, reduced feeding frequency increased BW gain during gestation, decreased activation time, and changed the colostrum composition. This information may contribute to the understanding of the physiological and behavioral change of gestating sows by manipulating feeding frequency.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.1460-1465
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the effects of total mixed fermentation (TMF) with bean curd dregs on body weight gain, feed intake and body size of growing Hanwoo heifers. Thirty Hanwoo heifers, 6 months of age and weighing $125.9{\pm}12.0$ kg, were randomly allocated to 3 experimental groups of 10 animals each for a 6-month feeding trial. The groups were T1 (rice straw offered ad libitum with restricted (1.7% BW/day) concentrate), T2 (TMF only offered ad libitum) and T3 (TMF and rice straw offered ad libitum with restricted (1.0% BW/day) concentrate). TMF feeds were composed of 60% bean curd dregs, 16.5% corn meal, 10.4% wheat bran, 5% rice straw, 7% rice hulls, 0.5% urea matter, 0.5% magnesia lime and 0.1% lactic acid bacteria. The chemical composition and pH value of TMF feeds were measured at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hr after storage. In TMF with bean curd dregs, there were no differences in concentrations of DM, EE, and CF according to storage periouds. The ADF and NDF at 72 hr of storage time showed a significant decrease (9.52 and 3.15 %, respectively) compared to 0h of storage time (p<0.05). The value of pH was gradually decreased during the storage periods. Body weight gain, feed intake and average daily gain were higher in the TMF groups (T2, T3) compared to the T1 group (p<0.05). Changes in body size were also higher in the TMF groups compared to the T1 group (p<0.05). Thus, the present results indicate that TMF with bean curd dregs may help improve growth performance in growing Hanwoo heifers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.197-206
• /
• 2010

Now a days, people eat outside of the home more and more frequently. Menu labeling can help people make more informed decisions about the foods they eat and help them maintain a healthy diet. This study was conducted to develop menu labeling system using Nutri-API (Nutrition Analysis Application Programming Interface). This system offers convenient user interface and menu labeling information with printout format. This system provide useful functions such as new food/menu nutrients information, retrieval food semantic service, menu plan with subgroup and nutrient analysis informations and print format. This system provide nutritive values with nutrient information and ratio of 3 major energy nutrients. MLS system can analyze nutrients for menu and each subgroup. And MLS system can display nutrient comparisons with DRIs and % Daily Nutrient Values. And also this system provide 6 different menu labeling formate with nutrient information. Therefore it can be used by not only usual people but also dietitians and restaurant managers who take charge of making a menu and experts in the field of food and nutrition. It is expected that Menu Labeling System (MLS) can be useful of menu planning and nutrition education, nutrition counseling and expert meal management.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.55-68
• /
• 1981

Calcium and phosphorus are not only indispensable for the bone formation and body fluids equilibrium but also are major components of egg shell. It is nutritionally important, therefore, to investigate the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus and to search for optimum requirement of calcium and phosphorus and the availability of various sources of calcium an4 phosphorus by poultry. An attempt was made to review the nutrition of calcium and phosphorus in poultry diets. 1, Calcium and phosphorus have great interrelationship with vitamin D in their metabolisms. 2. Most of the plant-origin phosphorus are existing in phytic form and it leads to low availability when used in poultry rations, although calcium and phosphorus present in animal-origin or mineral supplements are highly available in general. 3. Calcium and phosphorus requirement from existing information indicated that 1.0% calcium and 0.7% phosphorus for broiler and egg-type chicks, and 3.5% calcium and 0.4% phosphorus for laying hen. 4. It has been recommended that calcium and phosphorus level should be increased when the feed intake was decreased or when the egg Production rate was higher or when the hens are old. 5. Mono-, ci-, tri-, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, bone meal, limestone and oyster shell u the most readily available among various sources of calcium phosphorus supplements. Soft rock phosphate, deflourinated phosphate and gypsum are somewhat inferior to the previous ones in bioavailability. 6. The effect of particle size of calcium supplements on egg shell quality and egg production rate is not yet clearly defined but recent works showed that oyster shell is more available when it was coarse and limestone is more available when it was fine in panicle. size. 7. Present data indicated that mixed feeding of oyster shell and limestone is superior to the single feeding of each on laying performance. 8. Significant interaction between phosphorus and sodium was observed, that is, excessive sodium decreased egg production in layer and body weight growth in broiler in the low phosphorus diets but increased them in the high phosphorus diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.676-687
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in portion size of 11 types of foods that Korean adults frequently consume, based on the parameters of eating place, gender, and age using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Methods: The dietary survey data from 2012-2016 KNHANES was used. A total of 19,779 subjects (8,034 male [40.6%], 11,745 female [59.4%]) were classified based on gender, three age groups (19-29 years old [15.7%], 30-49 years old [46.9%], 50-64 years old [37.4%]) and three eating places (home, institution, and restaurants/convenient stores etc.). Results: The portion sizes according to the eating places were calculated as per the median intake of Korean adults. Foods that showed the highest median intake in restaurants/convenience stores were boiled rice and kimchi stew. The median intake quantity of kimchi stew was the highest in restaurants/convenience stores in men across most age groups. Women in 30-49 years age group also consumed a lot of kimchi stew in restaurants/convenience stores. Men in the age groups 30-49 and 50-64 years consumed soybean paste stew the most in institutions compared to home and restaurants/convenient stores. Stir-fried pork was consumed the most at institutional meal places across all age groups. Conclusion: The portion sizes of kimchi stew and boiled rice were the highest in restaurants/convenience stores. As kimchi stew and soybean paste stew is high in sodium, the intake should be reduced in institutions and restaurants/convenience stores. Furthermore, it is necessary to reduce sodium intake through consumer nutrition education and the development of low-salt standard recipes for restaurants.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.42 no.7
• /
• pp.650-663
• /
• 2009

The purposes of this study were to investigate one portion size of menus served and to evaluate nutrient intake of lunch at three elderly care facility food services located in Seoul. A weighed plate method was employed to measure plate wastes and consumption of the menus served. Yield factors were calculated from cooking experiments based on standardized recipes, and were used to evaluate nutrient intake. One hundred elderly participated in this study for measuring plate waste and were asked to complete questionnaire. Nutrient analyses for the served and consumed meal were performed using CAN program. The yield factors of rice dishes after cooking are 2.4 regardless of rice dish types, 1.58 for thick soups, 0.60 to 0.70 for meat dishes, and 1.0 to 1.25 branched vegetable. Average consumption quantity of dishes were 235.97 g for rice, 248.53 g for soup, 72.83 g for meat dishes, 39.80 g for vegetables and 28.36 g for Kimchi. On average the food waste rate is 14.0%, indicating the second highest plate waste percentage of Kimchi (26.2%), and meat/fish dish (17.3%). The evaluation results of NAR (Nutrition Adequacy Ratio) showed that iron (0.12), calcium (0.64), riboflavin (0.80), and folic acid (0.97) were less than 1.0 in both male and female elderly groups, indicating significant differences of NAR among three facilities. Compared to the 1/3 Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs) for the elderly groups, nutrient intake analysis demonstrated that calcium (100%) and iron (100%), followed by riboflavin, vitamin A, and Vitamin B6 did not met of the 1/3 EAR (Estimated Average Requirement). For the nutritious meal management, a professional dietitian should be placed at the elderly care center to develop standardized recipes in consideration of yield factors and the elderly's health and nutrition status.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.74-91
• /
• 1975

A purpose of this study was to compare the breast massage and manual expression of the breast before engagement after delivery with the time of engagement, the throbbing pain in breast, the first amount of breast milk and involution of the uterus. The subjects selected for this study were 138 women (experimental group;69, control group :69) who were admitted to the Dept. of Obtest. and Gyneco. of Kyung Hee University Hospital from Jan. 5 to June 5, 1975. The results of study were as follows; 1 The average age of the women 26.9 years old in the experimental group and 27.6 years old in the control group. As to religion, the number of those who had no religion was 58.0 percent and 62.4 percent respectively. Classified according to occupation, there were 87.0 percent in house wives of the booths group. Educational background; 87.0 percent of high school graduates or above, 78.3 percent respectively. The occupation of husband 53.7 percent of company employees stood highest and 42.0 percent respectively. In according to the grade of wards, 55.1 percent and 52.2 percent of four-men room stood highest. 2. Physical condition: Body weight before this Pregnancy(T=0.4962, N.S.), the size of breast(X²df2 = 0.1728, N.S.), the shape of nipple(X²df3 =1.3804, N.S.), hemoglobin's level of the first day after delivery(T=1.2572, N.S.), the above were showed non significant between the experimental group and control group The investigator found any difference between the two groups of the health condition during the pregnancy, 3. The rate of no experience of breast massage during pregnancy was 85 percent and 75.4 percent (X²df1=2.2562, N.S.). 4. As to the meal during hospitalization after delivery: The booth of the groups in ordinary food took usually of meyer soup and milk(X²df8=2.5957, N.S.). 5. The relation between the first step of breast massage, second step of the manual expression of breast before engagement after delivery and time of engagement : average time of engagement in the experimental group (2.1 days±0.8) was shortened than the control group (3.3 days±1.2). (T=-6.9045, P< 0.005). It toot less time in the experimental group of primipara(2.2days±0.7) than in the control group (3.1day±1.2) and it also took less time in the experimental group of multipara (2.0 days±0.9) than in the control group (3.5days±1.4). (Primipara T=-3.9266, 0< 0.005. Multipara T= 5.2356, P<0.005). 6. The relationship between the first step of the massage and second step of manual expression and the throbbing pain at the time of engagement: The experimental group showed less effect than control group (X²df4= 27.3342 P<0.005). The separate study of primipara and multipara showed remarkable difference in the group of primipara)X²df4=20.7285, p<0.005) and little difference in the multipara group (X²df4=8.8351, p< 0. 10). 7. The relationship between the first step of the breast massage, second stop of the manual expression and first amount of breast milk: The average amount of breast milk increased more conspicuously in the experimental group (33.8㎖±23.4) than in the control(29.8㎖±25.3) (T=0.8262, N.S.). No remarkable difference was found in the respective groups that investigated in the groups of primipara and of multipara. (Primipara T=1.1467, N.S., Multipara T=-0.0354, N.S.). 8. The relationship between the first step of breast massage and second step of manual expression of breast and involution of uterus : Average time needed for uttering involution was sooner in the experimental group of primipasa(-3.3 F.B.±1.1), than the control group of primipara (-2.5F. B.±1.2), and it was sooner in the experimental group of muitipara (-3.0 F. B.±l..3), than the control group of multipara(-2.3 F.B±0.9). Primipara T=-2.9272, p< 0.005, Multipara T=2.5557, p< 0.01).