• Title/Summary/Keyword: meal quality

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Establishment of Producing Conditions of Fermentation Feed for Swine (양돈용 발효사료의 발효조건 설정 연구)

  • Cho, S.B.;Kim, D.W.;Yang, S.H.;Park, K.H.;Choi, D.Y.;Yoo, Y.H.;Hwang, O.H.
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.137-144
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to determine the effect of feed additives including probiotics, moisture and feed ingredients and the effect of fermented feed on digestibility and volatile fatty acid (VFA) level in finishing pigs. Feed was mixed with microbials including Saccharomyces, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Pediococcus together with different levels of probiotics, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3%. Addition of probiotics showed improved fermentation rate after 48 h incubation. To determine the optimal moisture level for fermentation, different levels of water, 30, 40, 50 and 60%, were added into the feed. Fermentation rate of feed with 40~50% moisture level was higher than that from 60% level at 60 h post-fermentation. In vitro fermentation rate of feed ingredients was analyzed by comparing VFA levels. Beet pulp and tapioca showed higher fermentation rate compare to other ingredients including canola meal or rapeseed meal. To determine the effect of administration of fermented feed In vivo, feces from finishing pigs were analyzed. Finishing pigs administrated with fermented feed showed improved digestibility and higher volatile fatty acid (VFA) level. In conclusion, results from the current study indicate that 40~50% of moisture with addition of beet pulp and tapioca in feed is optimal condition for fermentation. Furthermore, our data suggest that fermentation of feed can improve the feed quality and digestibility, thereby provide more nutrient in finishing pigs.

Patient-reported outcome measures on intake of nutrition drink for nutritional supplements after periodontal surgery (외과적 치주 치료 후 식이보충을 위한 영양음료 섭취에 관한 patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) 조사)

  • Kim, Hyeong-Seok;Cho, In-Woo;Shin, Hyun-Seung;Park, Jung-Chul
    • Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.176-183
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: Patients usually suffer from pain and discomfort after oral surgery and their consumption of food is severely affected. Accordingly, the patients' quality of life reduce significantly. The aim of this study was to analyze patient satisfaction on the nutritional supplement drinks following periodontal surgery. Materials and Methods: Total 90 patients who underwent periodontal surgery were recruited and commercially available nutritional drinks were provided. Group I received two bottles per each meal for 2 days, Group II had one bottle per each meal for 3 days, and Group III had no drinks. The survey for the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were given at the next visit for the removal of sutures. Results: The result of PROMs showed the nutrition drink was easy to intake, appeared to help the healing and can be a satisfying supplement for the meals. Conclusion: Nutritional drinks appeared to help the healing after periodontal surgeries and supported the food intake. Also, it was helpful for the patients in nutritional supply and psychological stability.

Identifying Relative Importance of Foodservice Attributes to Design a New University Foodservice Operation (대학 내 신규 학생식당의 운영 모델 제안을 위한 급식서비스 속성의 상대적 중요도 규명)

  • Lee, Hae-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.34 no.7
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    • pp.1028-1034
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    • 2005
  • The purposes of this study were to: (a) identify students' patronage behaviors on university foodservice, (b) evaluate customers' perception and detect complaints on food service quality, and (c) recommend new design of food service operation by identifying relative importance of university foodservice attributes. The questionnaire was developed and distributed to 400 undergraduates. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS/Win 12.0 for descriptive analysis and conjoint analysis. The results of this study were summarized as follows: Students were patronizing university foodservice 3.4 times per week because of 'a short distance', 'a low price' and 'speedy meals' and evaluated overall satisfaction and value as low level. Customers were dissatisfied with eight among twelve food service attributes including handling customer's complain ASAP, According to conjoint analysis, price $(37\%)$ was considered as the most important factor and atmosphere $(30\%),\;food\;(22\%)$ and distance $(11\%)$ were the next factors. Profile 2, which had 4 attributes of a location within 6-10 min, comfortable circumstances, a meal served with 4 side-dish and dessert and a meal price of \2,000 firstly, were recommend as new food service operation model.

Effect of Organic Waste Application on Soil Chemical Properties and Organisms under Zelkova serrata Cultivation (유기성폐기물이 느티나무 재배지 토양의 화학성 및 생물에 미치는 영향)

  • Eo, Jinu;Kim, Myung-Hyun;Nam, Hyung-kyu;Kwon, Soon-Ik;Song, Young-Ju
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.471-478
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of reusable organic wastes, on soil organisms and chemical properties. Bone meal, de-oiled cake, and oyster shell were applied and abundances of soil organisms were measured at 3 and 15 months, after treatment in soil under sawleaf zelkova cultivation. Soil organisms are affected, by the quality of applied organic wastes. Abundance of microorganisms was higher in oyster shell treated soils than in untreated soils, suggesting that soil pH is a driving force, altering abundance and structure of the microbial community. Increase in abundance of bacterivorous nematodes was observed under treatment with bone meal and de-oiled cake, but there was slight change in abundance of fungivorous and herbivorous nematodes. Abundance of herbivorous nematode was positively correlated with plant growth, at 15 months after treatment. Response of microarthropods in the Collembola and Oribatida was not apparent. Abundances of primary consumers were not significantly correlated with microorganisms. This study suggested that organic waste influences soil organisms primarily by altering soil chemical properties and bottom-up effects may not occur in trophic reactions.

The effect of different culture conditions of liquid spawn on the quality characteristics of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) (표고의 액체종균 배양 조건 및 품질 특성)

  • Lee, Soo-Jung;Kim, Hun-Hwan;Kim, Seon-Ho;Kim, Sung-Hee;Sung, Nak-Ju
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.99-106
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    • 2019
  • To improve the productivity of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes), seven different types of media for liquid spawn (denoted as "A" to "G") were prepared with 0.3% soybean meal and varying sugar and glucose concentrations. During 14 days of incubation, the pH of the liquid culture gradually acidified with increasing incubation period. Additionally, there was a significant, but not prominent, difference in the degree of acidification depending on the sugar to glucose ratio. Liquid spawn culture "G," which had the highest sugar content was the most acidic on the last day of incubation. Mycelium dry weight increased significantly with increasing incubation period, and there was no significant difference in mycelium dry weight irrespective of the sugar to glucose ratio even after 14 days of culture. The inoculation of liquid spawn in sawdust medium with an inoculation volume ${\geq}45mL$ and incubation period of 15 to 18 days were the optimal culture conditions. Productivity of fruit bodies in sawdust medium and mushrooms treated with liquid spawn was significantly higher compared to solid spawn treatment. The mushrooms treated with liquid spawn had better chewiness, and the free amino acid content, which is associated with savory taste, was higher in these mushrooms compared to those treated with solid spawn.

Impacts of Oyster Shell and Peat Treatments on Soil Properties in Continuous Watermelon Cropping Greenhouse Plots (패화석 및 이탄 처리가 수박 연작지 토양의 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Ahn, Byung-Koo;Lee, Jin-Ho;Lee, Young-Han
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.438-445
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    • 2010
  • Soils in continuous monoculture cropping system generally have a number of physical and chemical problems. Thus, we studied to investigate selected soil properties in continuous watermelon cropping plots with applications of different soil management practices: 1) conventional farming practice (CFP), 2) chemical fertilizer management practice (FMP), the FMP with different amounts, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 t $ha^{-1}$, of oyster shell meal application (FMP-OS 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 t $ha^{-1}$), and 3) the FMP with different amounts, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 t $ha^{-1}$, of peat application (FMP-PT 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 t $ha^{-1}$) and also to evaluate watermelon quality. Soil pH slightly increased only in the FMP-OS 1.5 t $ha^{-1}$ plot, while it was not changed or decreased a little in other plots. The contents of soil organic matter (SOM) expectedly increased in the FMP-PT plots, whereas it markedly decreased in the FMP-OS plots. The concentrations of exchangeable cations, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $K^+$, in soils were mostly dropped down in most of the FMP and FMP-PT plots. Otherwise, the exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ concentration increased a bit in the FMP-OS plots. Also, the concentrations of water-soluble anions, $NO_3^-$, $Cl^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, and ${PO_4}^{3-}$, in soils mostly declined in all the plots applied with the different management practices during the study years. Due to the cation and anion decreases, the electrical conductivity (EC) values in the soils were greatly reduced in the plots. Thus, the soil management practices applied, especially oyster shell meal and peat treatments, might be useful to control soil conditions. However, watermelon quality, such as sugar content and fruit weight, would not be associated with the soil management practices applied.

High School Students' Preferences and Food Intake on Menu Items Offered by School Foodservice in Daegu (대구지역 학교급식 식단에 대한 고등학생의 기호도와 섭취율)

  • Kim, So-Hee;Cha, Myeong-Hwa;Kim, Yoo-Kyeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.35 no.7
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    • pp.945-954
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study is to present basic data for an improvement of school foodservice by indentifying students' preference level for school meal menu and assessing students' nutrition intake. The subjects participated in this study were 544 high school students on 1st grade served by self-operated school foodservice in Daegu. The frequency analysis, t-test analysis, and correlation analysis were carried out for the data analysis using SPSS 12.0 program. Based on the results toward students' preference and serving frequency, the most frequently offered food was soup sorts and then followed by the categories of boiled rice, kimchi, broiled food and hard-boiled food. Boiled rice, rice with assorted vegetables, mandu soup, salad and braised beef rib were highly preferred to the students. Male students scored higher preference to the menu related with meats than female students. However, the students' preference and serving frequency on the menu were not correlated significantly in this study. A substantial correlation was found between the degree of preference and the rate of intake (p<0.01). It would be generalized that preferences to menu items strongly sffected the level of intake by students. The nutrient analysis of food intake revealed that both male and female students were not consuming sufficient level of calorie, calcium and vitamin $B_2$. In conclusion, the results indicate that the students' preference is a very important variable influencing the consumption level of meal as well as balanced nutrient intake by students served in school foodservice. Menu planning should be integrated into school foodservice management for quality control. As limited control of the menu may also negatively influence on the food leftovers and ecological issues, professionals related to the school foodservice including administers, educators and dieticians need to check up the students' preference regularly and reflect their perception on the menu planning to improve the quality of school foodservice. The nutrient intake currently provided through school foodservice should be also assessed more thoroughly. These data could be incorporated into continuous quality improvement and strategic planning in school foodservice.

Studies on the Nitrogenous Utilization and Basal Metabolism of Korean Native Goat (한국(韓國) 재래산양(在來山羊)의 질소대사(窒素代謝) 및 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Oh, Hong Rock
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.546-555
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    • 1982
  • To evaluate the digestibility and absorbability of proteins, and the rates of energy and nitrogen(N) metabolism of the Korean native goats, studies were carried out with open type respiration apparatus based on the nitrogen-carbon method. The results on the nitrogen retention and the metabolic rate of energy, which was obtained with one male (10-month-old) and one female (24-month-old) goats, both weighing ${\simeq}20kg$, are summarized as follows. 1. When the goats were fed ad libitum the medium quality orchard grass hay, they consumed hay about 0.66 to 0.92% of body weight per day. The hay intake was remained the same even when high quality hay was provided. This amount of hay intake was relatively lower than that of dairy goat and sheep. It was believed to be partly due to the change in feeding enviroment. When fed with hay and soybean meal together, the goats ate hay about 1.06% and soybean meal about 0.60% of body weight, corresponding to 1.66% of body weight as fed basis. 2. The $CO_2$ gas produced from the goat in the open type respiration chamber and absorbed with KOH solution was estimated to be 99~117g/day. The difference in feed intake did not influence the $CO_2$ production; however, these seems to be a linea relationship between body weight and $CO_2$ production. 3. When fed orchard grass hay only, the goats showed protein digestibility of 24~41%. The protein digestibility incresed to 58.2% when fed hay and soybean meal together. A negative nitrogen balance(-0.16g N/day) was observed with goats fed 11.53g N originated from 212g hay and 150g soybean meal. Converting that nitrogen ingested to a crude protein, the amount of crude protein intake by the goats per day was 77.9g compared to 40~45g N known to be required in a day by goat weighing 20kg, indicating that the extra protein ingested was metabolized to provide energy. 4. When the male and female goats comsumed 624 kcal gross energy and 824 kcal gross energy by consuming 158g and 213g of hay, respectively, the digestible energy intake was calculated to be 260kcal for the male and 199kcal for the female goat. The daily heat production of male and female goats were 338kcal and 334kcal, respectively, when fed hay only. However, the female goat fed 212g hay and 150g soybean meal produced about 591kcal per day. Consequently, the energy requirment of the Korean native goats weighing ${\simeq}20kg$ was concluded to be $${\geq_-}$$600kcal net energy per day. 5. The fasting heat product ion of a male goat weighing 27.7kg was 412kcal per day when fasted for 2~3 days. When fasted for 3~4 days, the value decresed to 240kcal. The enviromental temperatures during the expreimental period were ranged from 19 to $34.5^{\circ}C$. The goats seemed to be panting when the chamber temperature rose to $32^{\circ}C$ or above. 6. When fed low levels of dietary protein, serum protein levels of the goats were decresed slightly ($${\leq_-}$$10%); however, urea content in the serum was observed to decrese to a great extent (3X).

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Influence of Dietary Activated Coconut Charcoal on Egg Quality and Plasma Cholesterol Level in Laying Hens (산란계에서 활성야자탄의 첨가가 계란의 품질 및 혈장 콜레스테롤 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • 민병준;김인호;이원백;홍종욱;김지훈;권오석;이상환
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.13-18
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary activated coconut charcoal (ACC) on Performance, e99 quality and Plasma cholesterol level of Plasma in laying hens. One hundred forty four, 47-wk-old, ISA Brown commercial layers were used in a 28-d feeding trial after a 7-d adjustment Period. Four dietary treatments were 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5e% levees of ACC supplemented to a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Egg Production was significantly increased as the levels of ACC increased. However, egg weight was significantly decreased by the addition of ACC in diets. Egg shell breaking strength tended to decrease as the level of ACC increased, however, no significance was found in this respect. As the levels of ACC increased, egg shell thickness decreased significantly. Although not significant, yolk color tended to increase by the addition of ACC. Egg folk index were significantly increased by the addition of ACC In diet. No significant difference was found among four treatments in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL+VLDL cholesterol concentrations in plasma. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of ACC to layer diets could be used to increase egg Production, and yolk index.

Nutritional Status and Diet Quality of Female College Students by Living Together with or without Parents (여대생의 부모 동거 여부에 따른 영양 상태 및 식사의 질 평가)

  • Kim, Mi-Hyun;Lee, Jae-Cheol;Bae, Yun-Jung;Cho, Hye-Kyung;Kim, Myung-Hee;Kim, Eun-Young;Hong, Won-Ju;Sung, Chung-Ja
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.635-645
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    • 2006
  • This study was to analyzed the quality of the meal and the level of nutritional intake in female college students according to the place of residence in female college students. This survey was conducted through questionnaire was given to 359 female students. The subjects were divided into two groups : one group was comprised of those the students who resided in a self-boarding house(SB group, n=245), and the other group comprised of was the student those who resided in the same house with their parents(HWP group, n=114). The mean age of the subjects were 21.6 years old(SB) and 20.6 years old(HWP)(p<0.05). The average height, weight and BMI were 161.8 cm, 57.9 kg, $20.3kg/m^2$ in the SB group and 161.9 cm, 53.4 kg, $20.3kg/m^2$ in HWP group, respectively. The SB group had significantly higher frequency of skipping breakfast and alcohol drinking consumption than the HWP group. There was no significant differences in the mean daily energy intakes between the SB and the HWP groups. However, the plant protein(p<0.01), carbohydrate (p<0.05), vitamin $B_1$(p<0.01), vitamin $B_2$(p<0.05), vitamin C(p<0.01), plant calcium(p<0.01) and potassium(p<0.05) intakes were significantly lower in the SB group were lower than the intakes in the HWP group significantly. And in addition, the cereals(p<0.05) and fruits(p<0.001) intakes in the SB group were significantly lower than the intakes in the HWP group. There was no significant differences in the KDDS and DVS between the two groups, but there was a decreasing trending downward. For that reason, the SB students seemed appeared to have more dietary problems than the HWP students. These results suggest that nutritional education for SB students are is needed in order to supply the lack of management capability on the proper help improve the diet of students living in independently life.

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