• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1349-1355
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• 2006

본 연구는 장수풍뎅이 유충 추출물이 마우스의 간 손상에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 간 손상 지표효소 활성, 지질과산화물 함량 및 대사 효소 활성, 빌리루빈 함량 및 간 조직의 형태학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 혈청 내 AST 활성은 정상 대조군에 비해서 사염화탄소 단독투여군에서는 유의적으로 높은 활성을 보임으로써 사염화탄소에 의한 간손상이 일어난 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 장수풍뎅이 유충 추출물이나 silymarin공급에 의한 효과는 관찰되지 않았다. 혈청 ALT 활성은 사염화탄소 투여군에서 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가되었으나 메탄올 추출물을 고농도로 급여한 경우와 silymarin공급에 의해 활성의 증가가 저하되는 효과가 나타났다. 지질과산화물 함량은 사염화탄소 단독투여군에서 대조군에 비해 약 2배 정도 현저하게 증가하였다. 장수풍뎅이 추출물과 silymarin을 공급시킨 군에서도 대조군에 비해서 지질과산화물 함량이 증가되었으나 사염화탄소만을 투여한 군에 비해서는 유의적으로 감소되는 경향이었다. GST 활성은 정상 대조군에 비해서 사염화탄소 단독투여군은 GST 활성도가 높았으며 장수풍뎅이 추출물이나 silymarin을 투여시킨 군에서는 사염화탄소만을 투여한 군에 비해서 활성이 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 장수풍뎅이 유충 추출물을 고농도로 투여한 실험군에서 지질과산화물의 생성은 크게 감소되었다. 정상 대조군과 사염화탄소 단독투여군을 비교했을 때 사염화탄소 투여군에서 총빌리루빈, 간접빌리루빈, 직접빌리루빈의 함량이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 그거나 장수풍뎅이 유충 추출물과 silymarin을 투여한실험군에서는 사염화탄소만을 투여한 군에 비해 감소되었다. 병리조직학적 소견들이 각 실험군마다 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내지는 않았으나 사염화탄소는 중심정맥을 중심으로 간정맥을 잇는 다각형태의 고유간소엽 주변대 간세포의 종창현상과 동양혈관 내피세포의 손상소견을 보였다. 사염화탄소로부터 유도된 간 손상은 silymarin군과 고농도의 추출물 투여 군데서 그 효능은 미약하지만 간 손상을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서와 같이 사염화탄소를 투여시킨 군들에서 간 손상이 유발되었으며, 사염화탄소 투여 시 체중 g당 $100{\mu}g$의 장수풍뎅이 유충 추출물을 공급했을 때 사염화탄소 투여 시에 나타나는 생체 내의 변화를 어느 정도 보호할 수 있는 것으로 여겨진다. 그러나 곤충추출물의 투여량의 세분화 등 보다 진전된 연구가 이루어진다면 간독성의 예방을 위한 천연물질로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1676-1685
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• 2009

This trial was conducted to determine the effects of various feed additives on nutrient digestibility, performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing wheat distiller' grains with solubles (WDGS). Seventy-two, individually fed pigs (19.7${\pm}$2.6 kg), were assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a 6${\times}$2 (treatment${\times}$sex) factorial design (N = 12). The control diet was based on wheat and soybean meal while the five experimental diets contained 20% WDGS during the growing period and 12% WDGS during the finishing period. One 20% WDGS diet was unsupplemented while the remaining diets were supplemented with either 0.1% threonine, 5% canola oil, 0.2% enzyme (0.1% Endofeed W containing 1,250 units/g of xylanase and 385 units/g of $\beta$-glucanase and 0.1% Vegpro containing 7,700 HUT/g protease and 75 CMC/g cellulase), or a combination of the three additives at the same levels as those fed separately. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and energy were all significantly higher in the control diet than the unsupplemented diet containing 20% WDGS. None of the feed additives improved nutrient digestibility. In addition, none of the additives had any significant effect on gain or feed intake during the growing (19.7 to 43.6) or finishing (43.6 to 114.3 kg) periods or overall (19.7 to 114.3 kg). During the growing period, feed conversion was significantly improved for pigs fed the combination of additives compared with the unsupplemented WDGS diet. During the finishing period and overall, feed conversion was significantly improved for pigs fed 5% canola oil alone or in combination with the other additives. None of the supplements had any effect on carcass traits. These results indicate that WDGS can be successfully used as a partial replacement for soybean meal in diets fed to growingfinishing pigs. However, due to its low energy content, there may be some merit in including high energy ingredients such as canola oil when diets containing WDGS are fed.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2002

This study was designed to assess diet and health-related factors of older adults in Korea. Subjects females were 2,660 adults aged 50 and over living in Korea. Males were 847 persons and were 1813 persons. The mean weight and height for males and females were 63.8 $\pm$ 0.3kg / 164.0 $\pm$ 0.2cm and 57.0 $\pm$ 0.2kg /150.6 $\pm$ 0.1cm respectively. BMI (body mass index), body fat, and percent fat were significantly greater in females than in males. The muscle mass and body water were significantly greater in males than in females. Twenty-one percent of total subjects lived alone and 26% with spouse only. Most of the subject's self-reported income was in middle level (65%) or low level (24%). Proportion of subjects who answered 'very poor' or 'poor' on perceived health status was higher in older group. The 50-64 years old group was facing more stress than 65yr and over group. Among male subjects,38.4% were current-smokers and 22.0% were ex-smokers. But only 6.5% of female subjects were current-smokers. Males turned out to have better dietary habits-meal frequency per day, mealtime regularity, regular meal size and balanced eating-than females (p < 0.001). This study revealed that the diet and health-related factors affect nutritional status and chronic diseases of the elderly. For better management and evaluation of health status of the elderly, more effective nutritional assessment tools should be developed.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2004

Glucose alone was found to be the most effective carbon source for producing compactin. An initial glucose concentration of 40 g/L gave the highest compactin concentration of 250mg/L. Among the various nitrogen sources, when 5g/L of pharmamedia and soybean meal as the sole nitrogen source were used, respectively, the compactin concentration was higher than 250mg/L. Especially, in the case of the mixture of 6 g/L of pharmamedia and 8 g/L of soybean meal, the compactin concentration was 400mg/L. To select the best surfactant for effective compactin production, various surfactants were investigated. When Triton X-100 was used, the maximum compactin concentration was 445mg/L. With the initial concentration ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 g/L, the compactin concentration was the highest at 465-450mg/L. The cell concentration was similar to that of the control without the addition of Triton X-100. On the other hand, when the above 4.0 g/L of Triton X-100 were used, the cell concentration decreased. Using the based results, the continuous fed-batch cultures by adding the Triton X-100 were carried out for 10 days in an air-lift bioreactor. When 1.5 g/L of Triton X-100 was added to the culture broth at 0, 4, and 8 days of culture, respectively, the compactin production was increased with the increase of culture time. The maximum compactin concentration after 10days of culture was 1,200mg/L, which was about 2.0-fold higher than that of the control without the addition of Triton X-100.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.341-352
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• 2008

The number of school lunch-supported children who belong to low-income families has been rapidly increased in Korea. This study was aimed at evaluation of nutritional status of school lunch-supported elementary school children. One hundred school lunch-supported children and 119 non-supported children of fourth to sixth year class in 3 elementary schools in Gyeongbuk rural area were selected, and surveys were conducted twice, i.e., once during school term and once during summer vacation in 2006. Food consumption survey during school term was carried out through an interview by dieticians at school-lunch time using a 24-hour recall method, and the survey during summer vacation conducted by recording food intakes for three days by children. Nutrient intakes were calculated using CAN-Pro 3.0 program. School lunch-supported children showed higher rate of skipping breakfast and rather irregular meal time as compared to non-supported students. Eating alone was more frequent in school lunch-supported children than in nonsupported children. The average nutrient intakes and nutrient adequacy ratios were lower in supported children than in non-supported children. During term, percentages of nutrient intakes provided by school-lunch were higher in supported children than in non-supported children. Intakes of energy nutrients were within acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges, but proportion of carbohydrate intake increased during vacation. Analysis of patterns of food intakes based on major food groups (dairy, meat, grain, fruit, vegetable) indicated that meals during term were more balanced as compared to meals during vacation. In conclusion, food behaviors and nutrient intakes of school lunchsupported children were inferior to those of non-supported children during term and during summer vacation. They were provided with more nutrient intakes from school lunch during term as compared to non-supported children. Therefore, it is necessary not only to keep meal support program during vacation but also to provide a proper nutrition education as a part of school lunch program to improve nutritional status and food behaviors of school lunch-supported children.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.150-161
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• 2001

The current socioeconomic climate has meant more children spend more time alone at home even for dining. This study was performed to characterize modem Korean childrens´food ecology based on mealtime atmosphere. A total of 705 elementary school students, 347 girls and 358 boys took part in the study. They were chosen evenly from the Seoul metropolitan areas, provincial cities, or rural areas, and were asked to fill out a questionnaire. The questionnaire was categorized to determine various factors related to food ecology, life styles, and health related symptoms. The average age of the study subjects was 11.5 years. The average height, weight, body mass index, and Rohrer index were 143.2cm, 37.6kg, 18.2 and 127.2 respectively. A significant number of children(39.2%) answered their bed time was between 11 and 12 pm. Only 28.3% answered that the whole family has breakfast together, and 47.7% have dinner together. A considerable number of children, 17.8% for breakfast and 6.9% for dinner, answered they eat alone. Most of the children answered they like to have dinner with the whole family. Half of the children answered they do not feel hungry before having breakfast. Proportions of children for their favorite meal time were 66.8%, and 25.4% and 7.8% for dinner, school lunch, and breakfast respectively. The largest proportions of children, 53.3% and 68.7%, have breakfast and dinner at home. Most of the children(75.2%) never purchase their dinner. Forty two% of the children answered they like school lunch, however, 60% of children answered they leave portions of lunch uneaten occasionally or always. Only 38.0% and 46.2% of the children have nutritionally adequate diet for breakfast and dinner. Children having more meals with the whole family possessed a more positive attitude towards breakfast compared to the children who eat with the whole family less frequently. In conclusion, Korea children are exposed to different health threatening food ecology problems related to changing environments, and consistent concern and support from community nutritionists are required.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of health control behaviors on the emotional happiness of the elderly. Among the survey instruments used in this study, emotional hapiness was the tool developed by Watson et al., 1978, and health control behavior was used by tools developed by Wallston et al., in 1988. Health control behaviors consist of three sub-factors: other health control behavior, accidental health control behavior, and internal health control behavior. The data collection period was collected from June 20 to July 5, 2018. A total of 152 participants were enrolled from 65 to 85 years old and were collected from six provinces of Korea (Seoul, Gangwon Province, Gyeongsang Province, Jeolla Province, Chungcheong Province, Gyeonggi Province) as much as possible. As a result of the analysis of demographic characteristics, the number of elderly people couple living was 47.4%, living alone was 21.1%, the number of people living with a couple and their children was 13.8%, the others were 10.5%. Based on the above results, 21.1% were living alone as an elderly person. And people who the highest monthly income of less than 1 million won was 36.8%, the usual meal type, 94.7% were very much eaten with vegetarianism smoking and drinking alcohol, and 94.7% did not smoke and 73.7% drank alcohol. In conclusion, Multiple regression analysis of health control behaviors on emotional happiness showed that health control behaviors had a 15% effect on emotional happiness. The following suggestions were made through the results of this study. First, the monthly income of the elderly is very low to maintain health, Second, the health of elderly people was maintained through friends and meetings. Based on these results, it should be used as a basic data for the program for the emotional happiness of the elderly.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.378-388
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• 2019

This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of breakfast among Korean school-aged children and adolescents depending on eating together as a family, based on the 2013-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. One day 24-hour recall data of 1,831 children and adolescents aged from 6 to 17 years were collected. The nutritional quality of breakfast was analyzed and compared between Family Breakfast Group (FBG, n=1,410) and Eating-alone Breakfast Group (EBG, n=421). The results showed that age, family structure, number of family members, and frequency of breakfast were associated with eating breakfast as a family. The calorie intake from breakfast explained 19% and 16% of the daily intake for FBG and EBG, respectively. The percentages of children and adolescents consuming Vitamin A, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C, Niacin, and Iron less than 1/4 of the Estimated Average Requirements were significantly lower in FBG than in EBG. The average numbers of serving for "Grains" and "Vegetables" food groups and the average Dietary Diversity Score were significantly higher in FBG than in EBG. Overall, the results indicated that eating breakfast as a family is positively associated with nutritional quality of breakfast among Korean school-aged children and adolescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.152-164
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the association between depression and eating behavior factors in Korean adults. Methods: Study subjects were selected (n = 5,103) from the participants of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018 and divided into depression (men, 59; women, 162) and normal groups (men, 2,083; women, 2,799). Subjects with a Patient Health Questionnaire 9 score ≥ 10 (out of 27 points) were defined as having depression. Results: A higher prevalence of depression was observed in both men and women who were unemployed (p < 0.001, p = 0.008), had lower income (both p < 0.001), poorer subjective health (both p < 0.001), and poor food safety (both p < 0.001). The prevalence of depression was higher in women with lower education levels (p = 0.008), who were unmarried (p = 0.010), smokers (p < 0.001), and in a one-person household (p = 0.001). Obese men showed a higher prevalence of depression (p = 0.009). Men who were eating alone or skipping lunch had a high prevalence of depression (p = 0.009), while women who were eating breakfast (p = 0.012), lunch (p = 0.001), and dinner (p = 0.010) alone had a high prevalence of depression. The relationship analysis between men and women according to dietary habits using logistic regression showed that, in women, after variable adjustment, skipping lunch (odds ratio [OR], 2.677; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.090-6.574), meal frequency of 2 times per day (OR, 1.658; 95% CI, 1.084-2.536), and lunch frequency of 3-4 times per week (OR, 3.143; 95% CI, 1.725-5.728) were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of depression. Conclusion: Depression in women was not only affected by more sociodemographic variables but also associated with decreased frequency of lunch and dinner, especially with skipping lunch.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.65-79
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• 2001

The effects of ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin and trypsin treatments on the functional properties (degree of hydrolysis, solubility, and emulsifying capacity) of the soy protein isolate prepared from Jinpum soybean milk(JS milk) which has been developed as low lipoxidase-active soybean variety in Korea and extracted from commercially defatted soybean meal milk(DSM milk). The mixing ratios of JS milk to DSM milk were adjusted to 10:0, 7:3, and 5:5, respectively. The general quality attributes(yield, pH, titrable acidity, moisture contents, crude protein contents, color, textural properties, and sensory characteristics) of soybean cheese which has been prepared with the resulting soy protein hydrolysates were evaluated. Jinpum SPI was better subjected to trypsin than ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin hydrolyses as indicated by better solubility and emulsifying capacity of the hydrolysates. The degree of hydrolysis and solubility of Jinpum SPI were higher than the soybean isolates from DSM milk. The increased ratios of DSM milk in the mixture resulted in the reduced yields and crude protein content along with the lowered titratable acidity while the pH values and moisture contents showed the opposite trends. In color characteristics, the increased amount of DSM milk brought about the significantly lower Hunter color reflectance values of lightness of the cheese products, along with the higher redness and total color difference value(ΔE). However, the enzyme treatment alone was not enough to cause any color differences. The increased ratios of DSM milk also caused the significantly lowered textural parameters such as hardness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness of the soybean cheese. Between the enzyme treatments, the ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin treated samples resulted in the higher hardness and cohesiveness values of the products than those from the trypsin-treated ones. In organoleptic properties of the product, the better mouthfeel and overall quality scores were obtained from the trypsin treatments as compared with those from the ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin ones. The mixing ratios of 10:0 and 7:3 were more favored than that of 5:5 as far as mouth-feel, yellowness and overall quality of the products were concerned. On the overall, the mixing ratio of 7:3(JS milk: DSM milk) and the trypsin treatment of the mixture was recommended for better manufacturing of high-quality soybean cheese.