• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2019.06a
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• pp.212-215
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• 2019

지난 4월4일 고성 산불로 사망자 2명과 부상자 1명, 가옥 500여 채, 삼림 1757ha가 불에 탔다. 강원 산불에 이어 영덕지진 등에서 늑장대응을 보여준 재난방송시스템에는 많은 국민들에게 실망감을 안겨주었다. 재난방송 주관방송사인 KBS는 물론, MBC, SBS의 경우도 재난방송시스템에 관련 된 측면에서 본다면 아직 이웃나라 인 일본에 비해서는 매우 열악한 형편이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 점점 대형화, 다발화 하는 재난발생에 대응하기 위해서는 국가적인 차원에서도 특단의 조치가 필요하다. 미국의 경우는 차세대 재난정보 전달체계인 IPAWS(Integrated Public Alert and Warning System)를 개발해 지상파뿐만 아니라, 케이블TV, SNS 등 다양한 매체를 통해 재난정보를 신속하게 전달하고 있다. 일본도 이와 유사한 재난경보전달시스템인 J-Alert를 개발해 2020년까지는 '재난 약자 제로(Zero)시대'를 목표로 구현하고 있다. 우리나라는 지난 아현동 KT 화재사건에서도 경험했듯이 통신이 먹통이 되는 통신블랙아웃도 경험했다. 따라서 대형재난발생 시는 신속한 재난경보전달시스템이 재난피해를 줄일 수 있는 가장 중요한 생명줄이 될 수 있다. 미국이나 일본의 경우는 재난방송전달시스템을 관련법령으로 제도화 하고 있다. 특히, 일본에는 재난에 관한 모법이라고 할 수 있는 (1)"재해대책기본법"이 있는데, 이는 재해로부터 국토, 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하기 위한 기본법으로 규정되어 있다. 그 밖에도 (2)방송법 (3)대규모지진대책특별 조치법 (4)국민보호법 (5)소방조직법 (6)수해방지법 등으로 규정하고 있다. 과거 일본도 우리나라와 같이 대형 산불이 잦았으나 요즘은 소형 산불만 발생하는 추세다. 이는 NHK가 보유한 700여 대의 로봇카메라와 전 국토를 샅샅이 감시하는 CCTV 덕택이다. 또한, NHK 보도국의 '기상 재해센터'는 재난에 대비해 40여 명의 전문 인력이 24시간 대응체제를 갖추고 있다. 나아가 NHK는 전국 12개의 거점지역에 헬리콥터 15대를 배치하여 신속하게 취재하고 있다. 이 뿐만 아니라, 46개의 지역방송국을 7개의 거점방송국으로 분할하여, 거점방송국마다 40여명의 카메라맨을 상주시켜 언제든지 재난을 취재할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 세계 각국에서 사용하고 있는 방송 주파수는 공공재(公共材)다. 국제전기통신연합(ITU : International Telecommunication Union)으로부터 주파수를 할당받아 사용하고 있기 때문에 주파수에 관한 사용 권한은 각국의 국민 모두에게 있다. 그러나 효과적인 주파수 활용을 전제로 정부가 일정한 자격을 갖춘 방송사업자에게 일시적으로 주파수 사용권을 위임하고 있다. 따라서 일본 정부도 국가적인 위기나 대형 재난발생으로 국민들의 생명과 재산이 위협받고 있을 때에는 공공재인 주파수를 즉시 재난방송으로 사용할 수 있도록 <재해대책기본법 제6조>와 방송법 제108조에 규정하고 있다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2022

Quercetin is a major flavonoid in onion and known to antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic bacteria. However, the antibacterial activity of quercetin had not been evaluated against plant pathogenic Xanthomonas campestris and Erwinia carotovora. In here, quercetin and the solvent extracts of onion were investigated their antibacterial activity. Quercetin showed a selective inhibitory activity against X. campestris, and the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration of quercetin were 15.6 and 20.0 ㎍ mL^-1 respectively. Otherwise, it showed no inhibitory activity against E. carotovora, and no the additive and the synergistic effects with streptomycin on X. campestris. And the EtOAc extract from the peel of onion that contained quercetin showed 2-fold lower MIC (500 ㎍ mL^-1) than the EtOH extract, thus EtOAc was suggested as the extraction solvent for quercetin from onion peel.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2022

In this study, Enterococcus faecalis BMSE-HMP005 isolated from human breast milk demonstrated antimicrobial effects against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. The bacteriocin produced by E. faecalis BMSE-HMP005 was fractionated using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. This fraction showed antimicrobial effects against both gram-positive and gram-negative MDR bacteria. No hemolytic reactions were observed. E. faecalis BMSEHMP005 was resistant to vancomycin; however, kanamycin, ampicillin, and erythromycin showed minimum inhibitory concentrations that were lower than the acceptable range provided by the European Food Safety Authority. For artificial gastric juice and bile acid, the survival rates were 98.67% and 95.70%, respectively. These results show the potential utility of E. faecalis BMSE-HMP005 as a probiotic with remarkable antimicrobial effects against MDR bacteria.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.45-62
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• 2021

This article examines celeactor as cultural contents focused on the multi-persona in a South Korean reality show program . The celeactor is a form of celebrity and part of a celetoid. Celebrity can be categorized by three forms: ascribed form, achieved form and attributed form. In attributed form, the celetoid suddenly becomes popular through the media. The celeactor is a subcategory of the celetoid. The celeactor is defined by a virtual character that exist in temporary or institutionalized traits of popular culture. The Korean celebrity culture presents Korean intellectual factors, spiritual aspects, tastes, moral virtue, power relationships and traditional hierarchy. In order to examine the features of the Korean celeactor in cultural contents, this article focuses on the multi-persona of celebrity in South Korean popular culture through fantasy, challenge and nostalgia. This article examines the multi-persona of celebrity represented in South Korean popular culture as a negotiated response to cultural identity deconstructed and reconstructed in performance. The research methodology is to analyze a South Korean television reality show program on MBC Hangout with Yoo that represents various sub-characters performed by Jae-suk Yoo, a South Korean comedian and host. As for theoretical underpinning, this exploration joins work on Erving Goffman's (1959) notion of self-presentation and Chris Rojek's (2001) celebrity studies.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2022

In this study, the synthesis of 1,2-dodecylaminopropanediol (1,2-DDAP) having a 12 carbon chain length and an amine group was designed to improve the preservation and hydrophilicity of 1,2-alkanediol-based compounds. 1,2-DDAP was prepared by reacting dodecylamine (DDA) with 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) in an ethanol solvent at 40 ℃, and its yield and purity were about 56% and 98%, respectively, under a reaction condition of 2 h and a DDA:3-MCPD molar ratio of 1:0.8. The antimicrobial effect of 1,2-DDAP showed the values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against microorganisms at concentrations of 10 to 100 times lower than those of 1,2-octanediol(1,2-ODIOL) or 1,2-decanediol (1,2-DDIOL). Based on the hydrophilic properties of 1,2-DDAP, mixed preservatives were prepared by adding small amounts of 1,2-ODIOL or 1,2-DDIOL, which are poorly soluble in water, with 1,2-DDAP. Mixed preservatives exhibited an effect of inhibiting microorganisms equal to or greater than that of 1,2-DDAP alone in antimicrobial activity tests. As a result of confirming the preservation effect in lotion (cosmetic formulation) for application, 1,2-DDAP showed similar antimicrobial activity at concentrations of 0.3 to 0.6 times lower than that of 1,2-ODIOL or 1,2-DDIOL. Therefore, it is considered that the use of 1,2-DDAP alone and the mixed use with small amounts of 1,2-ODIOL or 1,2-DDIOL can be a good alternative to preservatives in the product.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2023

Objectives: Moroccan Arbutus unedo is an essential medicinal plant; however, little is known about the biological properties of its leaves mentioned in Moroccan traditional medicine. Methods: Various standard experiments were performed to evaluate the phytochemical, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and acute and sub-chronic toxicity characteristics of A. unedo leaves. Results: Phytochemical screening led to the identification of several phytochemical classes, including tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones, with high concentrations of polyphenols (31.83 ± 0.29 mg GAEs/g extract) and flavonoids (16.66 ± 1.47 mg REs/g extract). Further, the mineral analysis revealed high levels of calcium and potassium. A. unedo extract demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities by inhibiting α-amylase (1.350 ± 0.32 g/mL) and α-glucosidase (0.099 ± 1.21 g/mL) compared to the reference drug Acarbose. Also, the methanolic extract of the plant exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract. Precisely, three of the four examined bacterial strains exhibited substantial susceptibility to the methanolic extract . Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values indicated that A. unedo harbor abundant bactericidal compounds. For toxicological studies, mice were administered with A. unedo aqueous extract at single doses of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg. They did not exhibit significant abnormal behavior, toxic symptoms, or death during the 14-day acute toxicity test and the 90-day sub-chronic toxicity test periods. The general behavior, body weight, and hematological and biochemical status of the rats were assessed, revealing no toxicological symptoms or clinically significant changes in biological markers observed in the mice models, except hypoglycemia, after 90 days of daily dose administration. Conclusion: The study highlighted several biological advantages of A. unedo leaves without toxic effects in short-term application. Our findings suggest that conducting more comprehensive and extensive in vivo investigations is of utmost importance to identify molecules that can be formulated into pharmaceuticals in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.492-497
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• 2007

The objectives of this study are to determine the full extent of the negative media reports and to broaden public awareness through content analysis. Samples of this study are news reports on vibrio on three major broadcasting companies such as MBC, KBS and SBS and three major national newspapers such as Chosun daily, Joongang daily and Donga daily in Korea for 5 years from January 1st in 2000 to December 31st in 2004. Total 628 cases were searched through from the web sites of fore mentioned TV and newspaper companies. It is highly advised to adhere to the proven fact as much as possible and full and thorough research on the outcome should be sought by media before they reach to the public.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.176-178
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• 1997

To make a long story short I made up my mind to experiment with a multimedia approach to my classroom presentations two years ago because my ways of giving instructions bored the pants off me as well as my students. My favorite ways used to be sometimes referred to as classical or traditional ones, heavily dependent on the three elements: teacher's mouth, books, and chalk. Some call it the 'MBC method'. To top it off, I tried audio-visuals such as tape recorders, cassette players, VTR, pictures, and you name it, that could help improve my teaching method. And yet I have been unhappy about the results by a trial and error approach. I was determined to look for a better way that would ensure my satisfaction in the first place. What really turned me on was a multimedia CD ROM title, ELLIS (English Language Learning Instructional Systems) developed by Dr. Frank Otto. This is an integrated system of learning English based on advanced computer technology. Inspired by the utility and potential of such a multimedia system for regular classroom or lab instructions, I designed a simple but practical multimedia language learning laboratory in 1994 for the first time in Korea(perhaps for the first time in the world). It was high time that the conventional type of language laboratory(audio-passive) at Hahnnam be replaced because of wear and tear. Prior to this development, in 1991, I put a first CALL(Computer Assisted Language Learning) laboratory equipped with 35 personal computers(286), where students were encouraged to practise English typing, word processing and study English grammar, English vocabulary, and English composition. The first multimedia language learning laboratory was composed of 1) a multimedia personal computer(486DX2 then, now 586), 2) VGA multipliers that enable simultaneous viewing of the screen at control of the instructor, 3) an amplifIer, 4) loud speakers, 5)student monitors, 6) student tables to seat three students(a monitor for two students is more realistic, though), 7) student chairs, 8) an instructor table, and 9) cables. It was augmented later with an Internet hookup. The beauty of this type of multimedia language learning laboratory is the economy of furnishing and maintaining it. There is no need of darkening the facilities, which is a must when an LCD/beam projector is preferred in the laboratory. It is headset free, which proved to make students exasperated when worn more than- twenty minutes. In the previous semester I taught three different subjects: Freshman English Lab, English Phonetics, and Listening Comprehension Intermediate. I used CD ROM titles like ELLIS, Master Pronunciation, English Tripple Play Plus, English Arcade, Living Books, Q-Steps, English Discoveries, Compton's Encyclopedia. On the other hand, I managed to put all teaching materials into PowerPoint, where letters, photo, graphic, animation, audio, and video files are orderly stored in terms of slides. It takes time for me to prepare my teaching materials via PowerPoint, but it is a wonderful tool for the sake of presentations. And it is worth trying as long as I can entertain my students in such a way. Once everything is put into the computer, I feel relaxed and a bit excited watching my students enjoy my presentations. It appears to be great fun for students because they have never experienced this type of instruction. This is how I freed myself from having to manipulate a cassette tape player, VTR, and write on the board. The student monitors in front of them seem to help them concentrate on what they see, combined with what they hear. All I have to do is to simply click a mouse to give presentations and explanations, when necessary. I use a remote mouse, which prevents me from sitting at the instructor table. Instead, I can walk around in the room and enjoy freer interactions with students. Using this instrument, I can also have my students participate in the presentation. In particular, I invite my students to manipulate the computer using the remote mouse from the student's seat not from the instructor's seat. Every student appears to be fascinated with my multimedia approach to English teaching because of its unique nature as a new teaching tool as we face the 21st century. They all agree that the multimedia way is an interesting and fascinating way of learning to satisfy their needs. Above all, it helps lighten their drudgery in the classroom. They feel other subjects taught by other teachers should be treated in the same fashion. A multimedia approach to education is impossible without the advent of hi-tech computers, of which multi functions are integrated into a unified system, i.e., a personal computer. If you have computer-phobia, make quick friends with it; the sooner, the better. It can be a wonderful assistant to you. It is the Internet that I pay close attention to in conjunction with the multimedia approach to English education. Via e-mail system, I encourage my students to write to me in English. I encourage them to enjoy chatting with people all over the world. I also encourage them to visit the sites where they offer study courses in English conversation, vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, reading, and writing. I help them search any subject they want to via World Wide Web. Some day in the near future it will be the hub of learning for everybody. It will eventually free students from books, teachers, libraries, classrooms, and boredom. I will keep exploring better ways to give satisfying instructions to my students who deserve my entertainment.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.17
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• pp.85-111
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• 2001

In this article, Channel 4 in Britain is the main theme since its alternative broadcasting system can shed the light to the Korean case. Korea is getting into the era of multimedia and including webcastings there are over thousands channels are available. However the infra-structure fur the broadcasting contents never seems to be matured to match its need. Instead Korean production system is rather vertically integrated into the Networks(KBS, MBC and SBS) which oligopolise the broadcasting in terms of supply. Even though 'Program Quota Regulation' has been established under the new Broadcasting Art(1999), the old habits die hard and still the independent producers have the unfair relationships with the Networks. Under this circumstance, Channel 4 can be the good example to show how well the alternative system can serve to the diversity of broadcasting and the taste of the minority. Channel 4 took almost 20 years to establish since there were enormous amount of debates about its public missions, ideal broadcasting system, whom it should serve for, etc. between all the social sectors including the independent producers. The social agreement was reached on the point that the new broadcaster should not produce but publish and it is called the 'publishing broadcaster'. In this sense, it can be managed effectively with comparatively little fund and at the same time, it can always have all different sorts of contents as well as genres very freely through 'commissioning process' or buying programs from even the most innovative producers. The 'commissioning process' is one of the key points which makes the Channel 4 so unique. The commissioning process is literally open to anybody, in particular, to the small scale producers with much innovative ideas. Channel 4 will support financially as well as with facilities and human resource to produce the program once after their program idea is accepted by the commissioning editor. Even better side of Channel 4 is about their financial success. From the beginning, the 'funding formula' helped in great deal to make the Channel 4 doing all sorts of innovative experiments. The history of 'funding formula' and its contribution are explained in the article, too. With all this effort, the article is hoped to bring discussion about the alternative broadcasting system which might help to prepare the new era of broadcasting.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.168-178
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• 2010

Objective : The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobical effect of horseradish root extracts against Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from oral cavity compared with reference strain, and compared with that of chlorhexidine. Method : Horseradish root extracts and chlorhexidine were sequentially diluted and tested against anaerobes(E. faecalis, F. nucleatum) isolated from children's oral cavity. The microbes were anaerobically incubated and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) were detected. Results :1. Horseradish root extracts showed antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis isolated strain at same or slightly higher concentration compared with MIC of reference strain. 2. $625.0\sim1,250.0{\mu}g/ml$ horseradish root extracts showed similar antimicrobial effect with chlorhexidine($7.8\sim15.6{\mu}g/ml$). 3. Horseradish root extracts showed antimicrobial effect against F. nucleatum isolated strain at same or slightly higher concentration compared with MIC of reference strain. 4. $78.1\sim312.5{\mu}g/ml$ horseradish root extracts showed similar antimicrobial effect with chlorhexidine($7.8\sim15.6{\mu}g/ml$). Conclusions : The results of this study confirm that horseradish root extracts has antimicrobial effect against anaerobes isolated from oral cavity as well as reference strain. And we found the potential of horseradish root extracts as a canal irrigant or disinfectant.