• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.297-316
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• 2014

This paper presents a detailed study focused on investigating the effects of silt content on the static and dynamic properties of sand-silt mixtures. Specimens with a low-plastic silt content of 0, 15, 30 and 50% by weight were tested in static triaxial, cyclic triaxial, and resonant columns in addition to consolidation tests to determine such parameters as compression index, internal friction angle, cohesion, cyclic stress ratio, maximum shear modulus, normalized shear modulus and damping ratio. The test procedures were performed on specimens of three cases: constant void ratio index, e = 0.582; same peak deviator stress of 290 kPa; and constant relative density, $D_r$ = 30%. The test results obtained for both the constant-void-ratio-index and constant-relative-density specimens showed that as silt content increased, the internal friction angle, cyclic stress ratio and maximum shear modulus decreased, but cohesion increased. In testing of the same deviator stress specimens, both cohesion and internal friction angle were insignificantly altered with the increase in silt content. In addition, as silt content increased, the maximum shear modulus increased. The cyclic stress ratio first decreased as silt content increased to reach the threshold silt content and increased thereafter with further increases in silt content. Furthermore, the damping ratio was investigated based on different silt contents in three types of specimens.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1278-1284
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• 2008

This study carried out bender element tests in a calibration chamber in order to estimate the characteristics of soil specimen prepared in a calibration chamber. Basically, the purpose of bender element test is to measure the shear wave velocity. Bender element test cannot only confirm the status of soil specimen deposited in a chamber, but also estimate the consolidation process indirectly. In order to carry out bender element test in a calibration chamber, a pair of bender elements was installed inside the chamber, using the 'ㄷ' shaped frame. For the sandy soils having various relative densities in various stress conditions, the maximum shear modulus was estimated. From the comparison with bender element test results in a triaxial testing device, testing device and procedure was validated.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.443-452
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• 2024

The use of sand-tire chip mixtures in construction industry is a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach that addresses both waste tire disposal and soil improvement needs. However, the addition of tire chip particles to natural soils decreases maximum shear modulus (G_max), but increases compressibility, which can be potential drawbacks. This study examines the effect of overconsolidation stress history on the maximum shear modulus (G_max) of rigid-soft mixtures with varying size ratios (SR) and tire chip contents (TC) by measuring the wave velocity through a 1-D compression test during loading and unloading. The results demonstrate that the G_max of tested mixtures in the normally consolidated state increased with increasing SR and decreasing TC. However, the tested mixtures with a smaller SR exhibited a greater increase in G_max during unloading because of the active pore-filling behavior of the smaller rubber particles and the consequent increased connectivity between sand particles. The SR-dependent impact of the overconsolidation stress history on G_max was verified using the ratio between the swelling and compression indices. Most importantly, this study reveals that the excessive settlement and lower G_max of rigid-soft mixtures can be overcome by introducing an overconsolidated state in sand-tire chip mixtures with low TC.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2005

흙의 최대 전단탄성계수는 동적/정적 지반구조물 설계에서 중요하게 다루어야 하는 기본 토질상수이다. 본 연구에서는 서해안 송도 지역의 실트질 모래에 대해 표준관입시험, 콘관입시험, 자가굴착식 공내재하시험, 다운홀 시험, 탄성파 탐사 콘관입시험, 공진주 시험 등을 수행하여 최대 전단탄성계수를 구하고 그 결과를 통계적으로 분석하였다. 다운홀 시험을 기준으로 표준관입시험 및 콘관입시험에 대한 경험식으로 구한 최대 전단탄성계수를 비교하고 새로운 경험식물 제안하였다. 제안식으로 구한 전단탄성계수는 다운홀 시험 결과와 비교적 잘 일치하였으며, 제안식을 이용하여 적절히 지반의 최대 전단탄성계수를 평가할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2010

In the present study, the loading frequency dependencies of cyclic shear strength and elastic shear modulus of reconstituted clay were examined by performing undrained cyclic triaxial tests and undrained cyclic triaxial tests to determine deformation properties. The result of undrained cyclic triaxial test of reconstituted and saturated clay shows that a faster frequency leads to higher stress amplitude ratio, but when the frequency becomes fast up to a certain point, the stress amplitude ratio will reach its maximum limit and the frequency dependence becomes insignificant. And also, the result of undrained cyclic triaxial deformation test shows a fact that a faster loading frequency leads to higher equivalent shear modules and smaller hysteresis damping ratio, and confirms the frequency dependence of cohesive soil. Meanwhile, the result of the creep test shows that continuing creep is created in the undrained cyclic triaxial test with slow loading frequency rate, and since loading rate becomes slower at the vicinity of the maximum and the minimum deviator stress due to sine wave loading, the vicinity of the maximum and the minimum deviator stress shall be more influenced by creep.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2013

굵은 자갈 이상의 대입경 입자를 포함하는 조립질 지반재료는 댐, 제방, 철도 등 대형 지반구조물의 성토 및 채움재료로 널리 사용되며, 이러한 구조물의 동적 해석을 위해서는 축조재료의 변형특성에 대한 엄밀한 평가가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 대입경 조립재료의 동적 변형특성 평가를 위하여 지름 200mm, 높이 400mm의 공시체에 대한 시험이 가능하도록 개발된 대형 공진주시험기를 활용하여 댐 축조용 사력재의 최대전단탄성계수, 전단탄성계수감소곡선 및 감쇠비를 평가하였으며, 재료의 최대입경과 균등계수와 같은 입도분포특성이 재료의 변형특성에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 재료의 입경이 동적 변형특성에 미치는 영향을 평가한 결과, 동일한 균등계수에서 평균입경의 범위에 따른 전단탄성계수감소곡선에 차이가 발생함을 확인하였다. 동일한 최대입경에 대하여 균등계수를 달리하는 경우 균등계수에 따라 최대전단탄성계수의 구속압 영향계수가 증가함을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 조립재료의 입도 특성 중 최대입경은 전단탄성계수감소곡선을, 균등계수는 미소변형영역의 구속압 영향계수에 대한 영향요소임을 확인하였으며, 조립재료의 동적 변형특성을 엄밀히 평가하기 위한 대형 공진주시험기의 효용성을 확인하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2016

Cyclic triaxial and resonant column tests were conducted to understand the beneficial effects of various grouted sands on liquefaction resistance and dynamic properties. The test procedures were performed on a variety of grouted sands, such as silicate-grouted sand, silicate-cement grouted sand and cement-grouted sand. For each type of grout, sand specimen was mixed with a 3.5% and 5% grout by volume. The specimens were tested at a curing age of 3, 7, 28 and 91 days, and the results of the cyclic stress ratio, the maximum shear modulus and the damping ratio were obtained during the testing program. The influence of important parameters, including the type of grout, grout content, shear strain, confining pressure, and curing age, were investigated. Results indicated that sodium silicate grout does not improve the liquefaction resistance and shear modulus; however, silicate-cement and cement grout remarkably increased the liquefaction resistance and shear modulus. Shear modulus decreased and damping ratio increased with an increase in the amplitude of shear strain. The effect of confining pressure on clean sand and sodium silicate grouted sand was found to be insignificant. Furthermore, a nonlinear regression analysis was used to prove the agreement of the shear modulus-shear strain relation presented by the hyperbolic law for different grouted sands, and the coefficients of determination, $R^2$, were nearly greater than 0.984.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2010

In this study, the light-frame wood shear walls according to the sheathing materials was carried out to investigate the shear load performance. Most common sheathing materials are the structural OSB and gypsum board used to consist wall of wood-frame house. Seven different type of specimens are composed of several sheathing materials and shear test was taken to evaluate shear performance by KS F 2154. As a result, shear walls(G12.5/G12.5 and G12.5/OSB) show that maximum shear strength and shear rigidity modulus are 7316N/mm${\cdot}$118.25 N/mm and 11129 N/mm${\cdot}$184.66 N/mm respectively. The shear wall using gypsum board 15mm improve maximum shear strength and shear rigidity modulus about 30%. The shear wall using 15mm gypsum board showed intermediate value in one side specimens. Different types of shear walls could be compared with the shear load performance. Also, nailed joint failure aspects are different to sheathing material and installing method.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial diseases. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with oral and maxillofacial diseases and 28 volunteers drawn from our student doctors were examined by shear wave elastography with a 14-MHz linear transducer using an Aplio 300 apparatus (Canon Medical Systems, Otawara, Japan). A statistical analysis of the shear elastic modulus(kPa) of healthy tissue (the sublingual gland, submandibular gland, anterior belly of the digastric muscle, and geniohyoid muscle) in the 28 volunteers was performed using 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance with the Tukey honest significant difference test. The maximum shear elastic modulus(kPa) of 8 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 2 patients with benign lesions was evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test. The analysis used a 5% significance level. Results: The mean shear elastic modulus of the sublingual gland ($9.4{\pm}3.7kPa$) was lower than that of the geniohyoid muscle ($19.2{\pm}9.2kPa$, P=.000) and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle ($15.3{\pm}6.1kPa$, P=.004). The maximum shear elastic modulus of the SCCs($109.6{\pm}14.4kPa$) was higher than that of the benign lesions($46.4{\pm}26.8kPa$, P=.044). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the usefulness of shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial diseases. Shear wave elastography has the potential to be an effective technique for the objective and quantitative diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial diseases.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.69-76
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• 1999

Because of the limited land in Korea most of the projects require large-scale reclamation. The hydraulic-filled soil deposits are usually loose and susceptible to be liquified during earthquake. The dynamic deformation characteristics which expressed by shear modulus and damping ratio are important to analyze the earthquake ground motion. In this paper resonant column tests were performed on five hydraulic filled soil in Korea and the deformational characteristics at both small and medium strains were investigated. The coefficients in the Hardin equation to predict the representative maximum shear modulus and modulus reduction cure are also proposed.