• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.421-426
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of vocalization of laying hen related with space in battery cage. The size of cages were classified into control (0.30 m ${\times}$ 0.14 m ${\times}$ 0.55 m, length ${\times}$ width ${\times}$ height), small (0.21 m ${\times}$ 0.14 m ${\times}$ 0.55 m) and large (0.30 m ${\times}$ 0.30 m ${\times}$ 0.55 m) size. Vocalization of 16 individuals of laying hen in each group of Hy-Line Brown (80 week old) were recorded 3 hours per day (10:00am~11:00am, 3:00pm~4:00pm and 7:00pm~8:00pm) using digital recorder and microphone during October 2008 and February 2009. Characteristics of frequency, intensity and duration of vocalization were analyzed by GLM (general linear model) and Duncan's multi-test. There were differences in basic and maximum frequency, and intensity based on analysis of spectrogram and spectrum among different cage sizes. Vocalization of laying hen would be one of the indicators to understand the stress caused by rearing space in batter cage.

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2011

The effects of Sm:Ba:Cu composition ratio in SmBCO coated conductor on their superconducting properties were investigated. The SmBCO coated conductors were fabricated by reactive co-evaporation method using EDDC(Evaporation using Drum in Dual Chamber) system. In this system, we could obtain various samples with different composition ratios in a batch by the technique providing composition gradient at deposition zone. From the specimens prepared by EDDC system, we found that composition ratio is uniform parallel to the drum axis, but gradient along the circumferential direction of the drum. We installed a shield having parallelogram open area between the deposition chamber and the evaporation chamber in EDDC system, and attached a 30 cm long template, which is parallel to drum axis, onto the drum surface. In this configuration, we could obtain SmBCO coated conductors having a gradient composition along the length of template. We measured the composition ratios and surface morphologies with periodic interval by SEM and EDAX, and confirmed the profile of composition ratio. We also measured critical current using non-contact Hall probe critical current measurement system and thereby could plot composition ratio vs. critical current. The maximum critical current was obtained, and the surface morphology with the shape of roof tile was observed at the corresponding composition ratio of Sm:Ba:Cu = 1.01:1.99:4.87. It was also found that composition ratio had an effect on not only critical current but also surface morphology.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2002

Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to isolate wound-induced cDNAs from wounded soybean. One of low-temperature-inducible cDNA, slti182 showed high homology with genes encoding 1-asparaginase. The full length cDNA of slti182, deginated GmASP1, is 1258 bp long and contains an open reading frame consisted of 326 amino acids. CmASP1 protein showed the highest identity (84%) with putative asparaginase from A. thaliana (AB012247), but it showed only 55% identity with another isoform of A. tathaliana (Z34884). The expression of GmASP1 during low temperature stress started to increase 3 hours after treatment, reached the maximum at 6 hour, and then decreased to the initial level at 48 hours. The amount of GmASP1 transcripts increased again when low-temperature-treated plants were transferred to room temperature, The present study suggests that GmASP1 may function to accelerate the protein synthesis which is important in the early response to low temperature.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.221-229
• /
• 1989

This study is conducted to evaluate the effect of KIM-112 (Ca-3, 5-diode-4-propyonly-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate) application at 13, 8 and 3 days before heading for the possibility of lodging prevention, growing pattern of several organisms, growth and yield in paddy rice. KIM-112 was the most effective in reducing elongation of the third internode when it was applied at 13 days before heading(13DBH) and the second internode when it was applied at 8DBH and 3. KIM-112 gradually inhibited internode elongation of rice with increase in dosage starting from 1.0ga.i./10a. The culm length shortened by 7-17% at 3DBH. The maximum distribution of leaf blade at canopy structure was positioned higher on KIM-112 application than on untreated. Lodging index decreased by 8-47% on KIM-112 application and field lodging degree(0-5) was 5 at untreated but KIM-112 application was only 1.3-2.0 of 3 DBH and was little lodging of 8-13 DBH. Ripened grain ratio of KIM-112 application were higher than those of untreated. Yield increased by 27-37% at KIM-112 application.

• Journal of KSNVE
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 1996

The damping characteristics of a cylindrical structure containing oil and bearing balls is investigated for external bending forces. The experimental data obtained through the use of bearing balls with viscous oil in a column is given and analyzed. The viscous action of the oil and inertia effects of the balls on the inside of column create a drag force. The drag force dampens the vibration of the column. This study aims to search for an optimum combination of oil and balls which would produce maximum damping. Machining oils of various viscosities along with ball bearings of various sizes place inside cantilevered aluminium tubes of various diameters to create a rig on which the damping properties of the oil and balls can be studied. The contileved tubes are studied in both horizontal and vertical positions in order to gauge the effect of gravity on the system. The actions of the ball in the column and damping characteristics are investigated according to the dimensionless terms. The Buckingham theorem is used to reduce the variables and to predict the damping of an oil ball column. Though the damping ratio remains fairly constant in the horizontal position of column, the damping ratio begins to increase as the ratio of the number of balls and column length rise above 0.28 in the vertical position of oil ball column. The ratio of the ball diameter to column diameter influences the damping ratio with an optimum diameter ratio. Slenderness ratio and gravity effects on the damping ratio ane investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2001

Escape behaviour of the anchovy (Engralius japonica, total length 4-7cm) at the inside wing net and bag net in the anchovy boat seine was observed by underwater video camera in order to clarify the relationship between visual stimulus of the gear or relative water flow inside gear and reacting behaviour. The vertical attenuation coefficient of underwater illuminance in the offshore of Keoje island and Tongyoung was ranged from 0.24 to 1.03 and it could be affect visual range and visual contrast of the fishing gear. The relative water flow at the joint part between inside wing and bagnet while towing was 1.5 times higher than at the middle part of inside wing or fore part of bag net, but it was estimated under than maximum swimming speed of 4-7 cm anchovy. The mean escaping number of anchovy from end part of inside wing of 30 cm mesh to out side for a minute within visual range of video camera was 455 and anchovy swimming forward from bag net through flapper was 308. These results revealed anchovy could escape as voluntary response in spite of higher visual stimulus or higher water flow.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2001

Anchovy scoop nets, a kind of lift net have been used in the coastal area of Cheju and South sea of Korea. An incandescent lamp(AC 100V, 1kW) is being used as a fishing lamp for gathering anchovy. Fishing lamp was installed at 1m ahead of the prow and 1.5m higher than the water surface. The fishing lamp let fish school rise to the water surface and attract to bag net. Accordingly, a successful anchovy catching depends on controling of fishing lamp. On the study, the distribution of spectral irradiance illumination of incandescent lamp(1kw) and the irradiance efficiency of reflection plate were analyzed and discussed to investigate the ability of fishing lamp which can attract anchovy school effectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Around 180% of irradiance efficiency of incandescent lamp was increased by using the reflection plate. The light of lamp was radiated into water with circular shape. 2. The irradiance illumination of incandescent lamp in air was a maximum in wave length of 994nm but it was 690nm at 0.5m and 1.0m of water depth. 3. The relationship between water depth(x) and water illumination(y) of vertical light is represented as follows : y=146.03e supper(-0.37x) 4. The light of incandescent lamp(1kW) pass through much better into vertical direction than horizontal but it was estimated that the light was not able to reach depth of 20m.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.4 s.42
• /
• pp.212-225
• /
• 2005

This study has been designed to elucidate the morphology of Jisagae columnar joints and the petrography and petrochemistry of Daepodong basalt in Jeju Island, distributed along the 3.5 km-long coast from Seongcheonpo to Weolpyeongdong. Colonnade of the Jisagae columnar joint typically occurs within the upper part of a flow and consists of relatively well-formed basalt columns. Most columns are straight with parallel sides and diameters from 100 cm to 205 cm, $130\~139\;cm$ in maximum. Length of the columns extends up to 20 m. Most columns tend to have 6 or 5 sides but sometimes they have as few as $3\~4$ or as many as 7 or 8 sides. The Daepodong basalt consists of plagioclase, olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, ilmenite and magnetite. Plagioclase is labradorite, clinopyroxene is augite, orthopyroxene is bronzite and olivine is chrysolite and hyalosiderite. The Daepodong basalt shows porphyritic texture with matrix of mainly intersetal texture. The Daepodong basalt is plotted into alkali rock series on the TAS diagram. The tectonic setting of the Daepodong basalt represents within plate environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.16 no.5 s.72
• /
• pp.609-619
• /
• 2004

An investigation was conducted on the activities around Europe in order to solve the problem of the thermal bridging of steel studs, which had caused a significant disadvantage. This study included the following: diminishing the contact area between the studs and the sheathing, lengthening the heat transfer route, replacing the steel web with a less conductive material, and placing foam insulation in locations where the thermal shorts are most critical. Although energy efficiency is usually the focus of such foreign cases because their stud application is mostly limited to low-rise residential buildings, both structural and thermal performance are taken into consideration in this study because these target middle-story buildings. A hybrid stud composed of steel and polymer was also developed. This hybrid stud, which is 150 SL in size, is made of a galvanized steel sheet (SGC58) and a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) withepoxy bonding. A total of 32 specimens were manufactured. Its parameters comprise two types of connection detail,s: the thickness of steel (1.0mm and 1.2mm) and of the GFRP (4mm-4ply and 6mm-6ply), and the ratio of the length to the depth (L/D = 3, 6, 9, 12). Steel stud specimens with the same conditions were compared to the hybrid stud. The test revealed that in the case of the steel specimen with a thickness of 1.0mm, the maximum load of hybrid studs increased an average of 1.62 times comparedto that of the steel stud. In the case of the steel specimen with a thickness of 1.2mm, on the other hand, the average increase was 1.46times. All specimens showed full composite action until the collapse.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.66-78
• /
• 2013

In order to develop of 80 kW RF plasma torch system, we achieved three-dimensional simulations for the extraction of more information as temperature in torch and fluid behavior analysis, etc. The position of powder injection tube, the plasma discharge characteristics with various input current and various length of ceramic tube, and the plasma temperature characteristics with process gas flow rate such those was simulated. RF thermal plasma torch designed by simulation was manufactured that was measured to the maximum of 89.3 kW power. The mass production using developed 80 kW RF thermal plasma torch system were investigated by characteristics manufactured of Si nano powder. The mass-production level of Si nano-powder was average of 539 g/hr and high yield rate of 71.6%, respectively. The particle size distribution $D_{99}/D_{50}$ of manufacturing nano-powder was investigated to 1.98 as a good uniform.