• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1260-1267
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• 2017

The properties of rice were studied on five rice cultivars (Ilpumbyeo, Samkwang, Goami-4, Dodamssal, and Thai rice), and employed two kinds of saccharification treatment methods (treatment I : rice shape, treatment II: grinding rice shape). Thai rice showed differences in width and length when compared to other cultivars of rice, and the Goami 4 had the lowest thousand-grain weight. The Goami4 and Dodamssal each showed high contents of amylose and resistant starch, and the water absorption rate was close to maximum at 90 minutes as well as the highest level of Goami 4 at all times. The qualities of highest water-binding capacity, solubility and swelling power was most significant in Thai rice. The lowest hardness level of wet rice resulted in the lowest hydration-related characteristics. High amylose content rice, in particular, showed low sugar content and slightly increased sugar content as the saccharification process improved (treatment II). On the other hand, high amylose cultivars had the same high degree of hardness as boiled rice. From these results, the Dodamssal was found to have the lowest viscosity at all temperatures but highest viscosity during the saccharification process, suggesting it may be successfully implemented as a thickener in rice beverage processing. The purpose of this study was to attempt to provide basic data on the development of rice beverage manufacturing technology, based upon the quality characteristics related to beverage processing of rice cultivars.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.549-555
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• 2018

The medical imaging technique images the contrast formed based on the difference in absorption coefficient of X-rays which changes according to the composition and thickness of the object. At this time, not only primary rays entering the image detector but also scattered rays greatly affect the image quality. Therefore, in this paper, Forward scattering rate and Scattered to primary ratio analysis were performed through Monte Carlo simulation in order to consider influence of scattered ray generated according to object thickness and radiation exposure area change on image quality. In the study, the Forward scattering rate corresponding to the thickness of the object was analyzed at a maximum of 15.3%p and the Scattered to primary ratio was analyzed at 2.00 to 4.54, but it was analyzed as maintaining a constant value for radiation exposure area change. Based on these results, the thickness of the object should be considered as a factor influencing the quality of the image, but radiation exposure area verified that it is a factor that does not affect the image quality. We believe that the results of this research can be utilized as basic information of scattered radiation to improve image quality.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.117-127
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• 2008

The characteristics of phosphate adsorption-desorption on kaolinite was studied by batch adsorption experiments and detailed adsorbed state of phosphate on kaolinite surface was investigated using ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy. The phosphorous contents were measured using UV-VIS-IR spectrophotometer with 820 nm wavelength. The adsorbed P was generally increased with increasing pH value in the range of pH 4 to pH 9, however it is not distinct. Moreover the adsorbed P was significantly changed with different initial phosphate concentration. The adsorption isotherms were well fitted with the Langmuir equation, Temkin equation, and Freundlich equation in descending order. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of kaolinite KGa-2 is 232.5 ($204.1{\sim}256.5$) mg/kg and has very higher value than that of kaolinite KGa-1b. Most of adsorbed phosphate on kaolinite were not easily desorbed to aqueous solution, but might fixed on kaolinite surface. However it needs further research about the exact desorption experiment. It was impossible to recognize phosphorous adsorption bands on kaolinite in ATR-FTIR spectrum from kaolinite bands themselves, because the absorption peaks of phosphorous have very similar positions with those of kaolinite, and the intensities of the former were very weak in comparison with those of the latter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.274-279
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• 1985

Proximate compositions, minerals and protein fractions of the roots of cultured and wild Codonopsis lanceolata of different age groups were examined as the basic research for the study of their source of processed foods. The most abundant proximate composition of the roots of C. lanceolata was observed to be total sugars and next come crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and ash in descending order irrespective of cultured and wild ones. The richest mineral contained in the roots was noticed to be K and followed by Mg and Ca. Generally increased tendency of crude protein, fat, ash, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Cu and P contents were observed with older roots, however, decreased total sugars and Fe content. Lead and cadmium content was far bellow the authorized tolerance limits. The quantitative fractionation of the protein of the roots ranked albumin the highest content, followed by globuin, prolamin and glutelin. Decreased albumin content was observed with the older age roots, while increased globulin, prolamin and glutelin content. The minimum solubility of the soluble protein of the roots was found to be at pH 4.0 and maximum, at pH 10.0. Disc gel electrophoresis of the soluble protein of C. lanceolata roots showed almost similar patterns and numbers of bands. The molecular weight for main band protein was estimated to be about 90,000.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ash contents of bread flour on the rheology of frozen dough In making frozen dough by measuring amylograph, flrinograph and extensograph. The quality of frozen-stored dough under freezing condition ($-20^{\circ}C$, 12 weeks) was evaluated by measuring final proof time, moisture content, baking loss, loaf volume and hardness of bread with storage time. In bread flour with high ash content farinogram showed that water absorption, degree of softening increased but valorimeter value decreased. In bread flour with low ash content amylogram showed that gelatinization temperature and maximum viscosity increased and extensogram showed that the area and resistance of the bread flour increased. As the proof time increased the extensibility decreased. Final proof time of frozen dough was shortened at the bread flour with low ash content with storage time. In bread using the flour with high ash content, moisture content, increased but baking loss rate decreased while the hardness of product increased slowly with time. But in bread using the flour with low ash content, the loaf volume of baking increased but the hardness of product decreased. As the frozen storage time was shortened, the product was more stable and better in quality.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2003

A bioequivalence study of $Ambrect^{TM}$ tablets (Dong Wha Pharm. Ind. Co., Ltd.) to $Mucopect^{TM}$ tablets (Boehringer Ingelheim Korea, Ltd.) was conducted according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty four healthy male Korea volunteers received each medicine at the ambroxol hydrochloride dose of 30 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week wash out period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of ambroxol were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography for over a period of 24 hours after the administration. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hr) was calulated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}\;(time\;to\;reach\;C_{max})$ were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for $Ambrect^{TM}/Mucopect^{TM}$ were 0.89-1.01 and 0.89-1.02, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of 0.80-1.25. Thus, our study demonstrated the bioequivalence of $Ambrect^{TM}\;and\;Mucopect^{TM}$ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.852-858
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• 2008

This study investigated the rheological properties of bread dough supplemented with lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) seed powder. The rheological properties measured were dough volume, farinogram, amylogram, extensogram, pH and outernal. The lotus seed powder contained 7.74% moisture, 20.15% crude protein, 2.11% crude fat, 4.34% crude ash, and 2.78% crude fiber. The farinogram showed that with increasing concentration of lotus seed powder the absorption rate of the dough increased slightly, the development time and stability decreased, and the degree of attenuation tended to be grown along. From the amylogram it was found that the gelatinization onset temperature and the maximum viscosity of the dough tended to increase with increasing content of lotus seed powder. The extensogram showed that the degree of extension of the dough decreased with increasing content of lotus seed powder, while the degree of resistance and resistance/extensibility increased. The dough pH tended to decrease with fermentation time, but increased with increasing content of lotus seed powder. A concentration of $5{\sim}10%$ lotus seed powder appears to be suitable for the preparation of dough.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2008

This study proposed the method of phosphate recovery from municipal wastewater by using ferrous iron waste, generated from the mechanical process in the steel industry. In the analysis of XRD, ferrous iron waste was composed of $Fe_3O_4$ (magnetite), practically with $Fe^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$. It had inverse spinel structure. In order to identify the adsorption characteristic of phosphate on ferrous iron waste, isotherm adsorption test was designed. Experimental results were well analyzed by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm theories. Empirical constants of all isotherms applied increased with alkalinity in the samples, ranging from 1.2 to 235 $CaCO_3/L$. In the regeneration test, empirical constants of Langmuir isotherm, i.e., $q_{max}$ (maximum adsorption capacity) and b (energy of adsorption) decreased as the frequency of regeneration was increased. Experiment was further performed to evaluate the performance of the treatment scheme of chemical precipitation by ferrous iron waste followed by biological aerated filter (BAF). The overall removal efficiency in the system increased up to 80% and 90% for total phosphate (TP) and soluble phosphate (SP), respectively, and the corresponding effluent concentrations were detected below 2 mg/L and 1 mg/L for TP and SP, respectively. However, short-circuit problem was still unsolved operational consideration in this system. The practical concept applied in this study will give potential benefits in achieving environmentally sound wastewater treatment as well as environmentally compatible waste disposal in terms of closed substance cycle waste management.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.1 s.85
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• pp.19-25
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• 2005

Recycling of waste materials in the construction Industry is a useful method that can cope with an environment restriction of every country. In this study, synthetic lightweight aggregates are manufactured with recycled plastic and fly ash with 12 percent carbon. Nominal maximum-size aggregates of 9.5 mm were produced with fly ash contents of 0, 35, and $80\%$ by the total mass of the aggregate. An expanded clay lightweight aggregate and a normal-weight aggregate were used as comparison. Gradation, density, and absorption capacity are reported for the aggregates. Five batches of concrete were made with the different coarse aggregate types. Mechanical properties of the concrete were determined including density, compressive strength, elastic modulus, splitting tensile strength, fracture toughness, and fracture energy. Salt-scaling resistance, a concrete durability property, was also examined. Compressive and tensile strengths were lower for the synthetic aggregates; however, comparable fracture properties were obtained. Relatively low compressive modulus of elasticity was found for concretes with the synthetic lightweight aggregate, although high ductility was also obtained. As nv ash content of the synthetic lightweight aggregate increased, all properties of the concrete were improved. Excellent salt-scaling resistance was obtained with the synthetic lightweight aggregate containing 80 percent fly ash.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Oriental medicine, certain foods may be beneficial or detrimental based on an individual's constitution; however, the scientific basis for this theory is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body constitution, based on the Sasang type of Korean traditional medical classification system, on the bioavailability of soy isoflavones of Cheonggukjang, a quick-fermented soybean paste. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A pilot study was conducted on 48 healthy Korean men to evaluate the bioavailability of isoflavone after ingestion of food based on constitution types classified by the Sasang typology. The participants were classified into the Taeeumin (TE; n = 15), Soyangin (SY; n = 15), and Soeumin (SE; n = 18) groups. Each participant ingested 50 g of Cheonggukjang per 60 kg body weight. Thereafter, blood was collected, and the soy isoflavone metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ntrikinetic analysis of individual isoflavone-derived metabolites was performed. RESULTS: Our nutrikinetic analysis identified 21 metabolites derived from isoflavones in the blood samples from 48 healthy Korean men (age range, 21-29 years). Significant differences were observed in the time to maximum concentration (T_max) and elimination half-life (t_1/2) for nine metabolites among the three groups. The T_max and t_1/2 of the nine metabolites were higher in the SE group than in the other groups. Moreover, the absorption rates, as determined by the area under the plasma-level curve (AUC) values of intact isoflavone, were 5.3 and 9.4 times higher in the TE group than in the SY and SE groups, respectively. Additionally, the highest AUC values for phase I and II metabolites were observed in the TE group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that isoflavone bioavailability, following Cheonggukjang insgestion, is high in individuals with the TE constitution, and relatively lower in those with the SE and SY constitutions.