• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 1991

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 1967

The maximal oxygen intake (MOI) was determined in 54 males (23 nonathletes, 10 basketball players, 8 hand ball players, 7 weight lifters and 6 long distance runners) and in 49 females (24 non-athletes, 16 basketball players and 9 volley ball players) by using a treadmill method outlined in Part I of the present investigation and the following results were obtained: (1) The maximal aerobic work capacity varied from the lowest value of 1,008 kg-m/min in female non-athletes to the highest value of approximately 2,000 kg-m/min in male basketball players and long distance runners. Values of other groups varied from 1,400 kg-m/min in male non-athletes and female athletes to 1,800 kg-m/min in male hand ball players. (2) The MOI per unit body weight varied from the lowest value of 41.3 ml/min/kg in female non-athletes to the highest value of 67.6 ml/min/kg in male long distance runners. Values of other groups were in the order of 47 to 55 ml/min/kg. (3) The heart rate during maximal aerobic work performance varied from the lowest value of approximately 180 per min in female basketball players and male long distance runners to the highest value of 190 or above in nonathletes of both sexes. (4) An estimate of oxygen debt as measured during 15 minutes following the maximal work was 3.841 in female non-athletes, 4.681 in female athletes, 5.561 in male non-athletes and 6.321 in male athletes. These results indicate that the MOI per unit body weight as well as the oxygen debt of Korean non-athletes were comparable to, while corresponding values of Korean athletes were considerably lower than, those of other countries such as Japan, the United States of America and Europe.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 2004

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference between the hemiplegic patients and controls with the newly developed three demensional electrogoniometer gait analysis program. Methods: The basic kinematic data of hip, knee and ankle joints on the sagittal plane and of temporospatial gait parameters were obtained from 25 hemiplegic patients and 25 healthy adults with three-dimensional electrogoniometer Domotion$^{(R)}$ Results: Significant difference were observed between patients and controls in kinematic parameters. Mean maximal hip flexion of healthy adults and hemiplegic limb of patient was $32.89{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$ and $18.24{\pm}4.8^{\circ}$, maximal knee flexion was $50.32{\pm}2.4^{\circ}$ and $34.98{\pm}10.4^{\circ}$, maximal ankle dorsiflexion was $5.34{\pm}1.2^{\circ}$ and $1.22{\pm}2.8^{\circ}$, and maximal ankle plantar flexion was $15.63{\pm}2.0^{\circ}$ and $8.46{\pm}3.2^{\circ}$(p<0.05). Mean maximal hip flexion of healthy adults and unaffected limb of hemiplegic patient was $32.89{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$ and $28.36{\pm}6.6^{\circ}$, and maximal ankle plantar flexion was $15.63{\pm}2.0^{\circ}$ and $8.62{\pm}3.7^{\circ}$, respectively(p<0.05). Conclusions: The gait parameters of hemiplegic patients showed significant differences as compared with normal gait parameters with the using of three dimensional gait analysis with electrogoniometer.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to evaluate the measured values of normal Korean calcaneus by conduct of a cadaveric study. Materials and Methods: A total of 42 calcanei were obtained from Korean cadavers. A digital goniometer was used for measurement of B$\ddot{o}$hler's angle, Gissane angle, posterior facet articular inclination angle, and Fowler-Philip angle of calcaneus. A vernier caliper was used for measurement of the maximal antero-posterior length, maximal transverse width, and maximal height of calcaneus. Results: The average B$\ddot{o}$hler's angle, Gissane angle, posterior facet articular inclination angle, and Fowler-Philip angle was $32.3^{\circ}{\pm}5.0^{\circ}$, $114.4^{\circ}{\pm}8.2^{\circ}$, $61.2^{\circ}{\pm}4.4^{\circ}$, and $60.3^{\circ}{\pm}7.6^{\circ}$. The average maximal antero-posterior length, maximal transverse width, and maximal height of calcaneus was $74.2{\pm}3.0mm$, $43.0{\pm}4.0mm$, and $42.5{\pm}3.0mm$. Conclusion: The measured values of normal Korean calcaneus were lower than the values reported in the international literature. Therefore, development of appropriate instruments reflecting the anatomical characteristics of Koreans will be needed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.381-387
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the maximal grip strength for the combinations of resting time and trial and to provide guideline of resting time for the maximum gripping task associated with the number of trials. Background: Despite many previous researches for the maximal grip strength, few studies have considered the effect of both trials and rest time on the maximum grip strength. Methods: A total of thirty subjects participated in the study. The average of maximum grip strength was measured using JAMAR hydraulic hand dynamometer. The testing position was same as the position recommended by the American Society of Hand Therapists. The between-subject experimental design has been conducted in this study. Trials(1~20 trials) and rest time(2, 3, and 4min) were considered as independent variables, and the maximum grip strength was considered as dependent variable, respectively, in this study. Results: According to the result of the number of trials, the maximal grip strength decreased gradually as the number of trials increased. The ANOVA result showed that the main effect was significant for both resting time(p<.0001) and trial(p<.0001), and the interaction was significant(p<0.0086). Conclusions: The maximal grip strength decreased gradually as the number of trials increased. Thus, basic guideline of resting time was suggested for the number of trials of maximal grip strength tests in this study.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the difference of vertical movement of mandible according to Angle's molar relationship and by skeletal factors affect to vertical movement of mandible. 172(age ranged from 20 to 30) subjects who go to college within territory of Kwangju city without any experience of temporomandibular disorder, extraction and orthodontic treatment. were selected for this study. The subjects were classified into class I(male:30, female:49), class II(male:18, female:24) and class III(male:18, female:33) according to Angle's molar relationship. The distance was measured between incisal edge of maxillary and mandibular central incisor and between bottom of central fossa of maxillary and mandibular 1st molar with ruler. The arch length and width were measured on the diagnostic cast. Cephalometrics were taken and then traced. Landmarks were identified and analyzed. 1. Maximal interincisal opening of male is larger than that of female in class I, class II and class III. Among each group maximal interincisal distance is the largest in class III. Maximal intermolar distance of male is superior to that of female in class I, class II, and class III, but there is no siginficant difference among them. 2. On maximal opening movement of Angle's classification class I and class II, total mandibular length, mandibular ramal length, madibular inferior border length and upper arch width were important variables and facial length, upper arch length and lower arch length had negative relationship to that. On maximal opening movement of Angle's class III, the upper arch length, the lower arch length and anterior facial length were important variables especially when compared with class I and II, and upper arch width had negative relationship. These results suggest that maximal opening movement is affected by facial morphology in all classes, but each group is affected by different facial skeletal variables. Accordingly, facioskeletal variables might be considered as diagnosis and treatment to improve the amount of mouth opening.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.34-42
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• 2011

The lumbrical muscles contribute to the intrinsic plus position, that is simultaneous metacarpophalangeal (MCP) flexion and interphalangeal (IP) extension. The strength of the lumbrical muscles is necessary for normal hand function. However, there is no objective and efficient method of strength measurement for the lumbrical muscles. In addition, previous studies have not investigated the measurement of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lumbrical muscles using ultrasonography (US) and the relationship between lumbrical muscle strength in the intrinsic plus position and the CSA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the measurement method of the CSA of the lumbrical muscles using US and to examine the relationship between maximal isometric strength and the CSA of lumbrical muscles. Nine healthy males participated in this study. Maximal isometric strength of the second, third, and fourth lumbrical muscles was assessed using a tensiometer in the intrinsic plus position which isolated MCP flexion and IP extension. The CSA of the lumbrical muscles was measured with an US. The US probe was applied on the palmar aspect of the metacarpal head with a transverse view of the hand in resting position. There was no significant difference between maximal isometric strength of the lumbrical muscles, but the fourth lumbrical muscle was stronger than the others. The CSA of the lumbrical muscles was significantly different and the fourth lumbrical muscle was significantly larger than the second lumbrical muscle. There was moderate to good correlation between maximal isometric strength and the CSA of the lumbrical muscles. Therefore, we conclude that maximal isometric strength of the lumbrical muscles was positively correlated to the CSA of the lumbrical muscle in each finger, while the measurement of the CSA of the lumbrical muscles, using US protocol in this study, was useful for measuring the CSA of the lumbrical muscles.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.570-576
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• 2004

It is very difficult to efficiently solve a large-scaled maximal covering problem(MCP) by a genetic algorithm. In this paper, we present new crossover and mutation operators specially designed for genetic algorithms to solve large-scaled MCPs efficiently. We also introduce a novel genetic algorithm employing unexpressed genes. Unexpressed genes are the genes which are not expressed and thus do not affect the evaluation of the individuals. These genes play the role of reserving information susceptible to be lost by the application of genetic operations but is suspected to be potentially useful in later generations. The genetic algorithm employing unexpressed genes enjoys the advantage of being able to maintain diversity of the population and thus can search more efficiently to solve large-scaled MCPs. Experiments with large-scaled real MCP data has shown that our genetic algorithm employing unexpressed genes significantly outperforms tabu search which is one of the popularly used local neighborhood search algorithms for optimization.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.625-633
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• 1995

Classical Fatous' theorem asserts that the non-tangential limit of the Poisson integral of an integrals function on $[\pi, \pi]$ exists a.e.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.615-623
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• 1995

Consider a function m defined in $R^n$ and the associated convolution operator T given by the Fourier transform $\hat{T} = m\hat{f}$.