• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2012

This study presents the results on the changes of crucible thermal conductivity and inflow of Ar, and constructed the mathematical model about heat transfer into furnace. As process variables, simulation model was designated thermal conductivity of crucible to $0.5W{\cdot}m^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$, $1W{\cdot}m^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$, $2W{\cdot}m^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$, $4W{\cdot}m^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$, and inflow rate of Ar to 15 L/min, 30 L/min, 60 L/min. Initial condition and boundary condition were set respectively in two terms of process. Each initial conditions were set up by the preceding simulation of heat and fluid flow. The primary goal is the application of unidirectional growth of Si ingot using the result. In the result of the change of heat conductivity of crucible, the higher thermal conductivity of crucible shows the shorter solidification time and the bigger temperature difference. And the flow patterns are changed with the inflow rate of Ar. Finally, we found that the lower crucible's thermal conductivity, the better crucible is at polycrystalline Si ingot growth. But in case of Ar inflow, it is hard to say about good condition. This data will be evaluated as useful reference used in allied study or process variable control of production facilities.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2017

최근 이동 단말의 급격한 증가와 함께 통신망 구축의 용이성, 단말의 자유로운 이동성 및 세션의 연속성, 유선에 비견되는 데이터 전송 대역폭 등을 제공하는 무선통신 기술에 대한 수요가 급증하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 무선 통신은 신호전달 특성상 도청이나 DOS 공격, 세션 하이재킹, 재밍 등과 같은 악의적 무선 사이버 공격에 취약하다는 단점을 갖는다. 이와 같은 무선 사이버 공격을 막는 다양한 방법 중 최근 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있는 MTD(Moving Target Defense) 기술은 시스템이 공격 받을 수 있는 요소들을 지속적으로 변경시킴으로써 방어 시스템의 보안 능력을 향상시키는 기법이다. 본 논문에서는 자가 방어 및 복원력이 있는 무선 통신 시스템 구축을 위해 변복조 방법, 동작 주파수, 전송 패킷 길이 등을 동적으로 변화시키는 MTD 기법이 적용된 SDR(Software Defined Radio) 무선통신 테스트베드를 개발하고, 악의적 사용자의 공격 성공률에 대한 성능분석 수식을 제안하고, 시뮬레이션을 통해 성능분석 결과의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2008

네트워크의 토폴로지 변형, 모바일 노드의 이동 모델 및 지형의 조건 등은 이동 애드 혹 네트워크 라우팅의 불화실성을 높이는 주요한 요소들이며 또한 네트워크의 성능을 제한하는 요소들이다. 본 논문에서는 애드 혹 네트워크의 효과적인 라우팅 방법을 살펴본다. 특히, 노드의 이동 속도가 높은 애드 혹 네트워크 통신 환경에 적합한 라우팅 프로토콜 지원 아키텍쳐를 제안하다. 이 모델은 다중의 라우팅 프로토콜을 네트워크의 특성의 변화에 따라 가장 적합한 라우팅으로 변환할 수 있는 적응적 기능을 가지고 있다. 여러 종류의 특성 파라미터 중에서 본 논문에서는 이동 애드 혹 네트워크를 구성하는 노드의 커버리지 연결성, 이동성을 사용하여 삼차원의 라우팅 프로토콜 변환 환경을 정의하였다. 수치적 실험 결과에서 제안한 다중 라우팅 프로토콜이 네트워크의 환경 변화에 적응적으로 대응하는 성능을 보유하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.439-452
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of STEAM program on the scientific communication skills and the learning flow of elementary gifted students. The main findings of this study are as follows: First, STEAM program that mathematical, technical, engineering and art factors were combined based on basic concepts of science were developed. Seconds, the change in the scientific communication skills of experimental group applying STEAM program had statistically meaningful difference (p<.05). Third, the flow of experimental class improved, but it had no meaningful difference statistically (p>.05). But it is expected that continuing level adjusted STEAM program might have positive effect on improving the flow with the following three reasons: 1) The gifted students' flow level on learning before experiment was rather too high to expect short term effect. 2) It was hard for them to achieve flow experience because topic difficulties and students' capacities were not balanced. 3) topic commitments and autotelic behaviors of gifted students were observed during classes. Fourth, by the result of the student satisfaction questionnaire survey on this program, students actively participated in the STEAM program with interest and curiosity. As achieved self-directed problem solving, versatile communication activities and success experiences, their class satisfaction was high. Based on such results, it was expected that the gifted class applied of STEAM program could enhance scientific communication capacity of the elementary gifted students and would further positively influence flow of learning as well. In addition, it was considered to have integrated approach value to elementary gifted and talented education in the aspect that it could satisfy various educational demands of gifted students.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.429-437
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• 1999

A mathematical model was established for estimating changes in pressure and volume of permeable kimchi packages. The model comprises the CO2 gas production from kimchi and permeation of O2, CO2 and N2 through the permeable film or sheet. Using the developed model, the effects of various packaging variables on the pressure and volume changes were analyzed for rigid and flexible packag es of kimchi(3% salt content) at 15oC, and then effect of storage temperature was also looked into. In case of rigid pack of 400g, using the plastic sheet of high CO2 permeability and initial vacuumizing can help to relieve the problem of pressure build up. The lower fill weight can further reduce the pressure, but will result in higher packaging cost. For the flexible package of 3 kg, highly permeable films such as low density polyethylene(LDPE) and polypropylene can reduce the volume expansion. Higher ratio of CO2 permeability to O2 and N2 permeabilities are effective in reducing the volume expansion. Increased surface area cannot contribute to reduction of volume expansion for highly permeable flexible packages of kimchi. For the impermeable packages, pressure and volume at over ripening stage (acidity 1.0%) increase with decreased temperature, while those at optimum ripening stage(acidity 0.6%) change little with temperature. Pressure of permeable rigid LDPE package increases with tem perature at any ripening stage, and temperature affects the volume of flexible LDPE package very slightly. Experimental verification of the present results and package design with economical consid eration are needed as a next step for practical application.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.107-118
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• 1999

MCFC 발전 기술의 실용화를 위하여 $3,000cm^2$ 면적의 단위전지 20장으로 구성된 5 kW 급 MCFC 스택을 5,760 시간 동안 운전하여 그 운전특성을 파악하였다. 스택은 7.6 kW의 출력을 보여주어 설계치보다 높은 출력을 보여주었다. 아울러 스택 성능 및 스택내 운전온도 분포변화를 해석하기 위하여 열전달, 유동방정식 및 연료전지 반응특성을 고려한 수학적 모델을 완성하였다. 완성된 수학적 모델 전산 모사를 위하여 상용 CFD 코드를 이용한 프로그램을 개발하였고 개발된 스택 전산모사 코드는 실제 운전된 5 kW MCFC 스택 운전 자료와 이론적 계산결과와 비교하여 그 신뢰성을 확인하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.605-611
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• 2015

The measurement and analysis of angular change have been studied in many fields. This study developed an angle measurement technique with optical fiber and photodiode. The position and attached angle of photodiode were investigated to find the proper combination of parameter. The results showed that the increased measuring range was achieved when the position of detector was away from the center of rotation. Inverse mathematical model was used to obtain angular changes with an optical fiber. The applications of this study include in optical sensor, joint angle measurement, and sport science.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.351-367
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• 2019

기울기는 직선의 가파른 정도를 나타내는 지표로 기초적인 개념이면서 동시에 고급 수학과 연결되는 중요한 수학적 개념이다. 본 연구는 교과서에서 기울기의 개념이 어떻게 제시되는지 알아보기 위해 교과서에서 제시한 기울기 개념 유형을 분석하였다. 본 연구를 위해 중학교 2학년 교과서 13종 일차함수 단원에서 기울기에 대한 도입 활동, 기울기 정의를 위한 약속, 교과서 예제에서 사용된 기울기 개념을 Stump(1999, 2001), Moore-Russo, Connor, & Rugg(2011)의 기울기 개념 유형에 따라 분석하였다. 연구 결과 중학교 2학년 교과서에서 기울기를 설명하거나 기울기 문제를 제시할 때 기울기의 개념 유형이 편향되어 사용하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기울기에 대한 실생활 맥락이 빈약하게 제시되고 있으며, 기울기 개념의 도입시 그 유형이 시각적 측면에서 분석적 측면으로 변화가 나타났다. 본 연구는 향후 교육과정과 교과서에서 기울기 개념을 제시하는 방법에 대한 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2017

Magnetic fluid, a new type of magnetic material, is a colloidal liquid constituted of nano-scale ferromagnetic particles suspended in carrier fluid. Magnetic fluid sealing is one of the most successful applications of magnetic fluid. As a new type of seal offering the advantages of no leakage, long life and high reliability, the magnetic fluid seal has been widely utilized under vacuum- and low-pressure-differential conditions. In practical applications, for improved pressure capacity, a multistage sealing structure is always used. However, in engineering applications, a uniform distribution of magnetic fluid under each tooth often cannot be achieved, which problem weakens the overall pressure capacity of the seals. In order to improve the pressure capacity of magnetic fluid seals and broaden their applications, the present study theoretically and experimentally analyzed the degree of non-uniform distribution of multistage magnetic fluid seals. A mathematical model reflecting the relationship between the pressure capacity and the distribution of magnetic fluid under a single tooth was constructed, and a formula showing the relationship between the volume of magnetic fluid and its contact width with the shaft was derived. Furthermore, the relationship of magnetic fluid volume to capacity was analyzed. Thereby, the causes of non-uniform distribution could be verified: injection of magnetic fluid; the assembly of magnetic fluid seals; the change of magnetic fluid silhouette under pressure loading; the magnetic fluid sealing mechanism of pressure transmission, and seal failure. In consideration of these causes, methods to improve the pressure capacity of magnetic fluid seals was devised (and is herein proposed).

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.877-880
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• 2009

A curing process in post-printing section of R2R process is required for an electrical property of the printed pattern when devices such as RFID, Solar cell are printed. PEN as well as heat-stabilized PET which is used as a plastic substrate would be deformed at high temperature due to change of its elastic modulus. And crack in the printed pattern, which is on the plastic substrate is occurred due to the deformation of the substrate. The occurrence of crack causes electrical resistance to increase and the quality of the device to deteriorate. In case of RFID antenna, the range of reading distance is shortened as the electrical resistance of the antenna is increased. Therefore, the deformation of the plastic substrate, which causes the occurrence of crack, should be minimized by setting up low operating tension in R2R process. In low tension, slippage between a moving substrate and a roller would be generated when the operating speed is increased. And scratch would be occurred when slippage is generated due to an air entrainment, which is related to the thickness of the air film. The thickness of the air film is increased when operating speed is increased as shown by simulation based on mathematical model. The occurrence of scratch in conductive pattern printed by roll to roll process is a critical damage because it causes degradation or failure of electrical property of it.