• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.23-36
• /
• 2006

Since he was a leading figure in nineteenth century architecture, Viollet-le-Duc's architectural theory is crucial to the foundation of modern architecture. He has been called a Gothic Revivalist, a Structural Rationalist and a Positivist. The first title was perhaps due to his vigorous restoration of Gothic works such as $N\hat{o}tre$ Dame, but he did not adore the Gothic style just for itself. Rather, he hoped to deduce some principles from the style. So how did he manage this? In his book "Entretiens sur l'Architecture (Lectures on Architecture), published between 1864 and 1872, he mentions using Descartes' four rules for reaching architectural certainty in contrast with the chaotic situation during that modernising period. Furthermore Viollet-le-Duc's theory can be seen as a serious attempt to translates Descartes' philosophical rules into systems of architectural speculation. Descartes' four rules of doubt are anchored in mathematical propositions, and without mathematical distinctions, none of these rules are valid. In other word, mathematics for Viollet is the yardstick of judgement between distinctness and indistinctness. Many architectural problems arise from this view. In this paper, the validities of applying Descartes' method of doubt to architectural discourse will be discussed in order to address the question:-Did Viollet-le-Duc clearly grasp Cartesian method by which memory was erased from the world?

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.433-438
• /
• 2019

This paper proposes a method of improving deep learning based numbers and characters recognition performance on parts of drawing through image preprocessing. The proposed character recognition system consists of image preprocessing and 7 layer deep learning model. Mathematical morphological filtering is used as preprocessing to remove the lines and shapes which causes false recognition of numbers and characters on parts drawing. Further.. Further, the used deep learning model is a 7 layer deep learning model instead of VGG-16 model. As a result of the proposed OCR method, the recognition rate of characters is 92.57% and the precision is 92.82%.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2014

The formula contains up between the text and the structural information, as well as their mathematical symbols. Research on-line or off-line recognition formula is underway actively used in various fields, and various forms of the equation are implemented recognition system. Although many documents are included in the various formulas, it is not easy to enter a formula into the computer. Recognition of the expression is divided into two processes of symbol recognition and structural analysis. After analyzing the location information of each character is specified to recognize the effective area after each symbol, and to the structure analysis based on the proximity between the characters is recognized as an independent single formula. Furthermore, analyzing the relationship between the front and back each time a combination of the position relationship between each symbol, and then to add the symbol which was able to easily update the structure of the entire formula. In this paper, by using a scanner to scan the book formula was used to interpret the meaning of the recognized symbol has a relative size and location information of the expression symbol. An algorithm to remove the formulas for calculation of the number of formula is present at the same time is proposed. Using the proposed algorithms to scan the books in the formula in order to evaluate the performance verification as 100% separation and showed the recognition rate equation.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.59 no.6
• /
• pp.1185-1201
• /
• 2022

Feller introduced an unfair-fair-game in his famous book [3]. In this game, at each trial, player will win 2^k yuan with probability p_k = 1/2^kk(k + 1), k ∈ ℕ, and zero yuan with probability p₀ = 1 - Σ^∞_k=1 p_k. Because the expected gain is 1, player must pay one yuan as the entrance fee for each trial. Although this game seemed "fair", Feller [2] proved that when the total trial number n is large enough, player will loss n yuan with its probability approximate 1. So it's an "unfair" game. In this paper, we study in depth its convergence in probability, almost sure convergence and convergence in distribution. Furthermore, we try to take 2^k = m to reduce the values of random variables and their corresponding probabilities at the same time, thus a new probability model is introduced, which is called as the related model of Feller's unfair-fair-game. We find out that this new model follows a long-tailed distribution. We obtain its weak law of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and central limit theorem. These results show that their probability limit behaviours of these two models are quite different.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.67-82
• /
• 2009

We study Choi Suk Jung's on perspective of philosophy of mathematics. He explains Chosun mathematics as systems of Changes through and redefines on So Kang Gul's Sasang theory. This is the unique view on Chosun mathematics. we conjecture that Choi Suk Jung tries to establish the mathematical principle on So Kang Gul's Sasang theory.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.22
• /
• pp.299-325
• /
• 1995

The aim of this thesis is to attempt a bibliographical analysis of Gu Geub Eui Seo that were published during Yi-Dynasty. In this study maters that were treated concretely are the same as follows: 1. Formulation of a system about Gu Geub Eui Seo that were published from Three Kingdoms to Yi-Dynasty. 2. Background of each period about compilation ad publication of mathematical materials. 3. Investigation to transition, block book and domain of subject of Gu Geub Eui Seo through analysis on each period of publication. But it was not easy to contrast materials on each catalogue with existed books one by one. In further, we must a new chance for better a n.0, ppreciation about Yi-Dynasty's Gu Geub Eui Seo through continuous studies to this field.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.25-38
• /
• 2005

We briefly survey the history of Chinese mathematics which concerns the resolution of right triangles. And we analyse the problems Yucigugosulyodohae(劉氏勾股述要圖解) which is the mathematical book of Chosun Dynasty and contains the 224 problems about right triangles only. Among them, 210 problems are for resolution of right triangles. We also present the methods for generating the Pythagorean triples and constructing polynomial equations in Yucigugosulyodohae which are needed for resolving right triangles.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2012

Digital talking books have been developed to enhance reading experiences for reading-disabled people. In the existing digital talking books, however, it is difficult to read special contents such as math expressions, images, etc. In this paper, we define reading rules for Contents MathML. Based on this rules, we implemented a program for reading the mathematical contents of Contents MathML, using XSLT. We conducted a confirm test to prove the accuracy of the program, and an usability test to measure understanding of reading text of math expressions.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.19-44
• /
• 2017

Researchers do not fully understand consumers' responses to negative co-branding events; thus, they report inconsistent evidence regarding the negative impact on the partnering brands. Our research bridges a gap in this research stream, and answers an important question: When a service failure occurs, could the two different models of consumers' brand schema change affect their negative perception of each brand partner? By using a theoretical and mathematical modeling approach, we offer two propositions. The first proposition shows that, under consumers' book-keeping cognitive process, the negative spillover effect occurs for both brands. The second proposition argues that, when the sub-typing model is assumed, it is possible that one brand suffers while the other escapes the blame for the failure. To our knowledge, this is one of the first few studies to identify circumstances in which a negative spillover effect may or may not occur to brand partners in co-branding service failures.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.887-921
• /
• 2009

Pythagorean theorem is one of mathematical contents which is widely used during human culture have developed. There are many historial records related to Pythagorean theorem made by Babylonian, Egyptian, and Mesopotamian. The theorem has the important meaning for mathematics education in secondary school education. Along with the importance of the proof itself, diverse proof methods and ideas included in their methods are also important since the methods improve students' ability to think mathematics. Hence, in this paper, we classify and analyze 390 proof methods published in the book "All that Pythagorean theorem" and other materials. Based on the results we derive educational meaning in mathematics with respect to main idea of the proof, the preliminaries of the study, and study skills used for proof.