• Wind and Structures
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2003

On the basis of the first Lyapunov stability theory, this paper develops a dynamic stability criterion for elastic structural systems under arbitrary dynamic loads, and shows the stability criterion using energy variation. After the dynamic stability criterion is validated through a classic example, it is used for the dynamic stability investigation of practical guyed masts under random wind loads. The criterion is reliable, simple and of advantage for structures with large number of elements and nodes. The slack guys and internal resonance between guys and mast are two main factors which induces the dynamic instability of guyed masts, at the same time, some dynamic stability characteristics of guyed masts are found.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.353-366
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• 2001

With respect to serviceability, antenna masts should be designed so that wind-induced motion will not cause unacceptable lack of transmission for broadcasting users and wireless communication. For such antenna masts with directional radio transmission the serviceability limit state is predominantly governed by the tolerable change of the broadcasting angle of the mounted antenna assembly and therefore by the tip distortion of the mast. In this paper it will be shown that refinements of the present state of design of antenna masts are possible by using the statistics of extremes applied to extreme wind situations and by consideration of the statistical and reliability requirements given by the operator such as frequency and return period of passing the serviceability limit.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.8-22
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• 2011

Investigations on modeling methods of a CFD wind resource prediction program, WindSim for a ccurate predictions of wind speeds were performed with the field measurements. Meteorological Masts having heights of 40m and 50m were installed at two different sites in complex terrain. The wind speeds and direction were monitored from sensors installed on the masts and recorded for one year. Modeling parameters of WindSim input variables for accurate predictions of wind speeds were investigated by performing cross predictions of wind speeds at the masts using the measured data. Four parameters that most affect the wind speed prediction in WindSim including the size of a topographical map, cell sizes in x and y direction, height distribution factors, and the roughness lengths were studied to find out more suitable input parameters for better wind speed predictions. The parameters were then applied to WindSim to predict the wind speed of another location in complex terrain in Korea for validation. The predicted annual wind speeds were compared with the averaged measured data for one year from meteorological masts installed for this study, and the errors were within 6.9%. The results of the proposed practical study are believed to be very useful to give guidelines to wind engineers for more accurate prediction results and time-saving in predicting wind speed of complex terrain that will be used to predict annual energy production of a virtual wind farm in complex terrain.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

In order to examine if met-masts wind data can exchange each other for wind resource assessment, an investigation was carried out in Kimnyeong and Haengwon regions of Jeju Island. The two regions are both simple terrain and 4.31 km away from each other. The one-year wind speed data measured by 70 m-high anemometers of each met-mast of the two regions were analysed in detail. Measure-Correlate-Predict (MCP) method was applied to the two regions using the 10-year Automatic Weather System (AWS) wind data of Gujwa region for creating 10-year Wind Statistics by running WindPRO software. The two 10-year Wind Statistics were applied to the self-met mast point for self prediction of Annual Energy Production (AEP) and Capacity Factor (CF) and the each other's met mast point for mutual prediction of them. As a result, when self-prediction values were reference, relative errors of mutual prediction values were less than 1% for AEP and CF so that met masts wind data under the same condition of this study could exchange each other for estimating accurate wind resource.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.533-548
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• 2020

Despite the current technologic developments, failures in existent tensile fabric structures (TFS) subjected to wind do happen. However, design pressure coefficients are only obtained for large projects. Moreover, studies on TFSs with realistic supporting frames, comparing static and dynamic analyses and discussing the design implications, are lacking. In this study, fluid-Structure analyses of a TFS supported by masts and inclined cables, by subjecting it to different wind speeds, are carried out, to gain more understanding in the above-referred aspects. Wind-induced stresses in the fabric and axial forces in masts and cables are assessed for a hypar by using computational fluid dynamics. Comparisons are carried out versus an equivalent static analysis and also versus loadings deemed representative for design. The procedure includes the so-called form-finding, a finite element formulation for the TFS and the fluid formulation. The selected structure is deemed realistic, since the supporting frame is included and the shape and geometry of the TFS are not uncommon. It is found that by carrying out an equivalent static analysis with the determined pressure coefficients, differences of up to 24% for stresses in the fabric, 5.4% for the compressive force in the masts and 21% for the tensile force in the cables are found with respect to results of the dynamic analysis. If wind loads commonly considered for design are used, significant differences are also found, specially for the reactions at the supporting frame. The results in this study can be used as an aid by designers and researchers.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.347-366
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• 2007

Guyed masts subjected to turbulent winds exhibit complex vibrations featuring many vibration modes, each of which contributes to various structural responses in differing degrees. This dynamic behaviour is further complicated by nonlinear guy cable properties. While previous studies have indicated that conventional frequency domain methods can reliably reproduce load effects within the mast, the system linearization required to perform such an analysis makes it difficult to relate these results directly to corresponding guy forces. As a result, the estimation of peak load effects arising jointly from the structural action of the mast and guys, such as leg loads produced as a result of guy reactions and mast bending moments, is uncertain. A numerical study was therefore undertaken to study peak load effects in a 295 m tall guyed mast acted on by simulated turbulent wind. Responses calculated explicitly from nonlinear time domain finite element analyses were compared with approximate methods in the frequency domain for estimating peak values of selected responses, including guy tension, mast axial loads and mast leg loads. It was found that these peak dynamic load effects could be accurately estimated from frequency domain analysis results by employing simple, slightly conservative assumptions regarding the correlation of related effects.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.281-285
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• 2006

As the needs of wind energy increase, the more sites for the wind farm are required. As a part of searching for the prominent wind farm site, specially for offshore wind farm, we chose 4 sites along the southern part seashore of JeonNam province based on the analysis of the data gathered by meteorological observatory ud have gathered wind data for more than a year by use of 40m Met masts installed in the representative locations, ie. small islands of 4 different bay area. The siting for the Met masts were very limited by the geographical circumstances The wind data of those areas show a little lower annual average wind speeds, for the wind farm development, of 4m/s to 5.5m/s at the height of 40m above the ground level of the respective islands. The detail figures of one year wind data of those area are presented in this report.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.517-529
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• 2009

A passive vibration mitigation architecture is proposed to damp transverse vibrations of guyed masts. The scheme is based on a number of pendula attached to the mast and tuned to the vibration modes to be controlled. This scheme differs from the well-known autoparametric pendulum absorber system. The equations of motion of the guyed mast with an arbitrary number of pendula are obtained. The leading bending behaviour of a typical truss mast is described by an equivalent beam model whereas the guys are conveniently modeled as equivalent transverse springs whose stiffness comprises the elastic and geometric stiffness. By assuming a mast with an inertially and elastically isotropic cross-section, a planar model of the guyed mast is investigated. The linearization of the equations of motion of the mast subject to a harmonic distributed force leads to the transfer functions of the structure without the dampers and with the dampers. The transfer functions allow to investigate the mitigation effects of the pendula. By employing one pendulum only, tuned to the frequency of the lowest mode, the effectiveness of the passive vibration potential in reducing the motion and acceleration of the top section of the mast is demonstrated.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

In order to examine how accurately the wind farm design software, WindPRO and Meteodyn WT, predict annual energy production (AEP), an investigation was carried out for Seongsan wind farm of Jeju Island. The one-year wind data was measured from wind sensors on met masts of Susan and Sumang which are 2.3 km, and 18 km away from Seongsan wind farm, respectively. MERRA (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications) reanalysis data was also analyzed for the same period of time. The real AEP data came from SCADA system of Seongsan wind farm, which was compare with AEP data predicted by WindPRO and Meteodyn WT. As a result, AEP predicted by Meteodyn WT was lower than that by WindPRO. The analysis of using wind data from met masts led to the conclusion that AEP prediction by CFD software, Meteodyn WT, is not always more accurate than that by linear program software, WindPRO. However, when MERRA reanalysis data was used, Meteodyn WT predicted AEP more accurately than WindPRO.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.683-699
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• 2015

Lighting poles and antenna masts are typically high, slender and light structures. Moreover, they are often characterized by distributed eccentricities that make very complex their shape. Experience teaches that this structural type frequently suffers severe damage and even collapses due to wind actions. To understand and interpret the aerodynamic and aeroelastic behavior of lighting poles and antenna masts, this paper presents the results of static and aeroelastic wind tunnel tests carried out on a complex prismatic element representing a segment of the shaft of such structures. Static tests are aimed at determining the aerodynamic coefficients and the Strouhal number of the test element cross-section; the former are used to evaluate the critical conditions for galloping occurrence based on quasi-steady theory; the latter provides the critical conditions for vortex-induced vibrations. Aeroelastic tests are aimed at reproducing the real behavior of the test element and at verifying the validity and reliability of quasi-steady theory. The galloping hysteresis phenomenon is identified through aeroelastic experiments conducted on increasing and decreasing the mean wind velocity.