• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2021

A pig-specific real-time PCR assay based on the mitochondrial ND5 gene was developed to detect porcine material in food and other products. To optimize the performance of assay, seven commercial TaqMan master mixes and two real-time PCR platforms (Applied Biosystems StepOnePlus and Bio-rad CFX Connect) were used to evaluate the limit of detection (LOD) as well as the PCR efficiency and specificity. The LODs and PCR efficiencies for the seven master mixes on two platforms were 0.5-5 pg/reaction and 84.96%-108.80%, respectively. Additionally, non-specific amplifications of DNA from other animal samples (human, dog, cow, and chicken) were observed for four master mixes. These results imply that the sensitivity and specificity of a real-time PCR assay may vary depending on master mix and platform used. The best combination of master mix and real-time PCR platform can accurately detect 0.5 pg porcine DNA, with a PCR efficiency of 100.49%.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.7 no.1 s.23
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• pp.49-61
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• 2005

The dynamic modulus of hot mix asphalt can be determined according to the different combinations of testing temperature and loading frequency. The superposition rule is adapted to get the master curve of dynamic modulus for each hot mix asphalt. There are couple of different methods to get the shift factor which is a key for making the master curve. In this paper, Arrehnius, 2002 AASHTO, and experimental method was employed to get the master curve. Evaluation of dynamic modulus for 25mm base course of hot mix asphalt with granite aggregate and two asphalt binders(AP-3 and AP-5) was carried out. Superpave Level 1 Mix Design with gyratory compactor was adopted to determine the optimum asphalt binder content(OAC) and the measured ranges of OAC were between 4.1% and 4.4%. UTM was used for laboratory test. The dynamic modulus and phase angle were determined by testing on UTM, with 5 different testing temperature(-10, 5, 20, 40, & $55^{\circ}C$) and 5 different loading frequencies(0.05, 0.1, 1, 10, 25 Hz). Using the measured dynamic modulus and phase angle, the input parameters of Sigmoidal function equation to represent the master curve were determined and these will be adopted in FEM analysis for asphalt pavements. The shift factor and activation energy for determination of master curve were calculated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4199-4204
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• 2011

The dynamic modulus of hot mix asphalt is one of the important indicators to evaluate the durability and performance of asphalt pavement. In resent, the dynamic modulus is suggested by a key property of asphalt pavement design and analysis in AASHTO 2002 Design Guide and Korean Pavement Research Project(KPRP). Master curve from laboratory test results should be needed for pavement design and analysis. The process to get the master curve is standardized. But, there are some setup and testing error at low temperature(-$10^{\circ}C$) and high temperature ($55^{\circ}C$). In this paper, a simplified process which is used 3 testing temperatures (5, 21, 40) is adopted to get the master curve. Comparison was carried out for standard process and simplified process. The suggested process can be used to get the master curve of asphalt pavement, even though some difference was shown at high temperature.

• 한국도로학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.177-182
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• 2005

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

A new mix design procedure for cold in-place recycling using foamed asphalt (CIR-foam) has been developed for Iowa Department of Transportation. Some strengths and weaknesses of the new mix design parameters were considered and modified to improve the laboratory test procedure. Based on the critical mixture parameters identified, a new mix design procedure was developed and validated to establish the properties of the CIR-foam mixtures. As part of the validation effort to evaluate a new CIR-foam mix design procedure, dynamic moduli of CIR-foam mixtures made of seven different reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials collected throughout the state of Iowa were measured and their master curves were constructed. The main objectives of this study are to provide: 1) standardized testing procedure for measuring the dynamic modulus of CIR-foam mixtures using new simple performance testing (SPT) equipment; 2) analysis procedure for constructing the master curves for a wide range of RAP materials; and 3) impacts of RAP material characteristics on the dynamic modulus. Dynamic moduli were measured at three different temperatures and six different loading frequencies and they were consistent among different RAP sources. Master curves were then constructed for the CIR-foam mixtures using seven different RAP materials. Based upon the observation of the constructed master curves, dynamic moduli of CIR-foam mixtures were less sensitive to the loading frequencies than HMA mixtures. It can be concluded that at the low temperature, the dynamic modulus is affected by the amount of fines in the RAP materials whereas, at the high temperature, the dynamic modulus is influenced by the residual binder characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2012

In Korea, apartment complexes are built according to the social strata for which they are intended to house, thus the buildings tend to separate society both physically and even visually. Because of the sense of social exclusion this has caused the government has conceived a plan to develop a "social-mix" apartment complex master plan. Perhaps the foremost example of this type of plan is the Seoul Eunpyeong New Town. This study examines how resident's perception of the social mix plan has evolved, and also attempts to better understand the effectiveness of the government's attempt at social integration. The result shows that the perception of social-mix housing has improved after residents moved into the Eunpyeong New Town and that people responded positively to the concept of actually mixing residents socially. From the result, we can see that the visually unexposed environmental elements of rental housing and socials exclusion which was felt in the past has been reduced to a certain extent. However, residents living in solid-lot apartments have a negative reaction to social mixing especially when they are in the same building. Therefore, to achieve better social integration in a socially-mixed apartment complex, we need now to change the perception toward socially mixed housing among the residents living in solid-lot apartment buildings.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.293-303
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• 2010

With changing systems of wealth creation around the 21st century, crafts(traditional and industrial crafts) are affected by the trend of changes or lead the trend, that is to say, a turning point of paradigm has come. Values of crafts give the value of users, and the tradition and modern coexists in the trend of times changing from the tradition to the modern so crafts artists’ works are diversified and used in design industries. Based on a place of expression showing various beauty of crafts, identity of design is established through ‘Craft Consilience’ of intangible cultural assets, master craftsman, crafts artists, crafts industries, and crafts departments. As master craftsman and furniture designers meet together to mix master craftsman’s idea with designers’ idea, the new Korean crafts furniture is suggested.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.867-876
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• 2009

Although renewable power is regarded a way to active response to climate change, the stability of whole power system could be a serious problem in the future due to its uncertainties such as indispatchableness and intermittency. From this perspective, the peak time impact of stochastic wind power generation is estimated using simulation method up to year 2030 based on the 3rd master plan for the promotion of new and renewable energy on peak time. Result shows that the highest probability of wind power impact on peak time power supply could be up to 4.41% in 2030. The impact of wind power generation on overall power mix is also analyzed up to 2030 using SCM model. The impact seems smaller than expectation, however, the estimated investment cost to make up such lack of power generation in terms of LNG power generation facilities is shown to be a significant burden to existing power companies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3D
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• pp.425-433
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• 2006

The presented work provided a predictive equation for dynamic modulus of hot mix asphalt, which showed higher reliability and more simplicity. Lots of test result by UTM at laboratory has been used to develop the precise predictive equation. Evaluation of dynamic modulus for 13mm and 19mm surface course and 25mm of base course of hot mix asphalt with granite aggregate and two asphalt binders (AP-3 and AP-5) were carried out. Superpave Level 1 Mix Design with gyrator compactor was adopted to determine the optimum asphalt binder content (OAC) and the measured ranges of OAC were between 5.1% and 5.4% for surface HMA, and around 4.2% for base HMA. The dynamic modulus and phase angle were determined by testing on UTM, with 5 different testing temperature (-10, 5, 20, 40, & $55^{\circ}C$) and 5 different loading frequencies (0.05, 0.1, 1, 10, 25 Hz). Using the measured dynamic modulus and phase angle, the input parameters of Sigmoidal function equation to represent the master curve were determined and these will be adopted in FEM analysis for asphalt pavements. The effect of each parameter for equation has been compared. Due to the limitation of laboratory tests, the reliability of predictive equation for dynamic modulus is around 80%.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.220-229
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the fracture resistance of three improved die stone materials according to water/powder ratio. There are lots of handling conditions which affect the physical properties of improved dental stone, and it's well known that the water/powder ratio significantly affect the strength of die stone. If water/power ratio was incorrect, following disadvantages were showed : (1) susceptibility to dimensional change due to abrasion, (2) limited reproduction of fine detail, (3) lack of strength. The maxillary master casts were made of additional silicone impressions(Exaflex, GC America. Inc. USA). Three type IV die stones such as Fuji Rock (GC Europe Intreleuvenlaan, Leuven, Belgium), Velmix(Kerr, Manufacturing company, USA), and Crytal Rock( Maruishi Gypsum Co. Ltd, Japan) were tested. A total of 160 casts were prepared, separated, and tested on the Instron Testing Machine(Model 4201, Co. USA). The obtained results of this study were as follows : 1. Fuji Reck and Velmix less 3ml than the water/power ratio of manufacturer's instruction showed the highest resistance to fracture. According to increasing water/powder ratio, fracture resistance was significantly increased(P<0.05). Crystal Rock showed the highest fracture value when it was mixed with the water/power ratio of manufacturer's instruction. 2. Water/powder ratio of the manufacturer's instructions and less 3ml than that showed lower fracture value of hand mix than that of vacuum mix. Water/powder ratio of more 3ml, 6ml than manufacturer's instructions was not significantly different between hand mix and vacuum mix(p>0.05). 3. Velmix had the highest viscoelastic value among three die materials when it was mixed with the manufacturer's instruction. Viscoelasticity was decreased according to increasing water/powder ratio.