• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.1357-1367
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to explore the effect of aromatherapy massage on the mood, the milk ejection reflex, and the immunoglobulin A of the breast milk of mothers who gave birth through a Cesarean section delivery. Twenty mothers who had Cesarean section were selected as an experimental group, and twenty-two were in the control group. Lavander and Rosemary oil mixed with Jojova carrier oil was used to massage the back, both axillar and breasts. Aromatherapy massage was done once a day for 20 minutes by the researcher. Each session consisted of 4 minutes for warm-up, 14 minutes for massage and 2 minutes for closure. The levels of IgA within the breast milk was analyzed by an immunoturbidimeter assay (Cobas INTEGRA, Roche, Swiss) before and after aromatherapy massage. Mood and milk ejection reflex were measured by self-reports at the same time. The data were analyzed using SPSS 7.5 and the hypotheses were tested by ANCOVA and the Pearson coefficient correlation. The results were as follows : 1) Score of mood increased significantly after the use of aromatherapy massage. 2) Score of milk ejection reflex increased significantly after the use of aromatherapy massage. 3) Level of IgA of breast milk did not change significantly after the use of aromatherapy massage.4) After the use of aromatherapy massage, there wasn't any correlation among mood, milk ejection reflex, and level of IgA of breast milk. In conclusion, the results suggest that aromatherapy massage is an effective nursing intervention to enhance the mood and the milk ejection reflex and to increase the rate of breastfeeding in the breastfeeding mothers under stresses like a Cesarean section.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.168-181
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identified patterns of studies and to analyze the nursing research related to the massage intervention in Korea and to improve direction of nursing research in massage intervention in Korea. Methods: The research studies related to the massage were selected from the Korean Nurses Academic Society Journal and dissertation which were conducted experimental research design the last 7 years in Korea. The total numbers of the studies were 58. Result: The study subjects were post operational state in 34.5%, healthy adult in 17.2% studies. The others dealt with infant, cancer, dementia, hypertension, preterm neonates, elderly. Types of massage were whole body in 31.1%, foot in 22.6%, hand in 17.2%, back in 13.8% studies. And Meridian massage in 17.2%. Length of massage was below 5 minutes in 17.2%, 6~10 minutes in 29.4% and 11~20 minutes in 32.8% studies. Frequency of massage was only 1 time in 25.9%, 2~5 times in 31.1% studies. Massage produced psychological and physiological effects. Positive psychologic effects were anxiety relief, pain relief, mood enhancement and fatigue relief. Positive physiologic effects on body systems were blood pressure, heart rate, edema, skin temperature, immune system, blood glucose, excretion, PMS syndrome and growth and development. Conclusion: As a result, effects of massage were almost positive. Therefore massage is useful alternative nursing intervention. But more attention research is needed to identify the objectivity instrument to measure and repeat research.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.770-780
• /
• 2001

This quasi-experimental study was to explore the effects of back massage with Lavender essence oil on the stress response of the ICU nurses. Method: Twenty nurses were selected as an experimental group and twenty nurses were in the control group. Lavender essence oil mixed with Jojova carrier oil was used to massage the neck, shoulder, back, and low back. Massage was done three times a week for 20 minutes for 2 weeks by the massage therapist. The stress response was measured with a subjective stress score, Cortisol and IgA level in saliva. The cortisol level in saliva was analyzed by an radioimmunoassay before and after back massage. The level of IgA in saliva was analyzed by an immunoturbidimeter assay and subjective stress scores was measured by Visual Analogue Scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS 8.0 and the hypotheses were tested by ANCOVA and the Pearson coefficient correlation. Result: 1) Score of subjective stress decreased significantly after the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil. 2) Level of Cortisol in saliva did not change significantly after the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil. 3) Level of IgA in saliva increased significantly after the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil. 4) After the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil, there was significant negative correlation between subjective stress and level of IgA in saliva. Conclusion: Back massage with Lavender essence oil is an effective intervention to reduce the stress response in the ICU nurses.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.252-257
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variation in constituent element of blood between the massage group and non-massage group in the period of convalescence after giving intense physical exercise for ten T'ae-Kwondo martial artists. In the variations of red blood cells, white blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin and blood platelet, levels decreased during the rest time after physical exercise, but the subjects in the massage group showed lower tendency than the subjects in the non-massage group after physical exercise. The variation of calcium showed an ascension tendency in the massage group after physical exercise. Creatine phosphokinase was increased after physical exercise, but it showed a tendency of rapid decrease in the massage group. Lactic acid showed a variation increase after physical exercise. It showed a tendency of decrease during the rest time in the non-massage group, but it was increased after sports massage. The variation of blood glucose was increased after physical exercise. It was maintained in the massage group after physical exercise in contrast to the non-massage group whose levels decreased during the rest time.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.384-391
• /
• 2003

Purpose: This study was implemented to develop new nursing intervention, Meridian Massage, and to investigate its effect on weight, behavioral state in infants. Method: This study has been conducted on the non equivalent control group pretest-posttest design in quasi experimental basis and newly born infants from Postpartum Management Center were selected in two groups of 35 infants. Data has been collected from February 1st to October 30th of 2002. The experimental group(20) took Meridian massage for 15 minutes daily twice during 6 days and control group took Field massage as same time. Weight has been determined 10:00 hours everyday morning and behavior status has been determined before and after 5 minutes beth by Anderson et al.(1990) tools. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11.0 Program using t-test, χ2-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Result: The results were as follow. In the aspect of behavioral status, Meridian massage group(55.8%) showed increase「positive」state than Field massage group(42.6%). And there was statistical significance(p=.002). Meridian massage group showed higher in the average weight than Field massage group(F=6.753, p=.014), and there was significant term between the two groups(F=10.129, p=.000). But there was no interaction group and term. Conclusion: The Meridian Massage in this study showed more positive aspect in weight gain and positive behavior status than Field Massage. This study has informed that meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention in improving Infant development.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effect of a hand massage program on anxiety and immune function in patients during cataract surgery. The hand massage program, in this study, consisted of hand massage and hand-holding. The subjects were sixty-three patients, thirty for the experimental and thirty-three for the control group, who were admitted at Kang Nam St. Mary's Hospital for cataract surgery. This study was carried out from December 10, 1997 to February 26, 1998. The level of anxiety as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured before, after hand massage, and after hand-holding. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, blood sugar levels, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and natural killer cell percentages also were measured before hand massage and five minutes before the end of the operation. Data were analyzed by t-tests, ANCOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni multiple comparisons. The results were as follows : 1) After hand massage, psychological anxiety levels decreased significantly compared with before hand massage in the experimental group, not in the control group. After hand holding, there were significant decrease in both groups. 2) There were not significant differences on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rates in both groups. 3) The hand massage program decreased epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol significantly in the experimental group, and increased epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol in the control group. 4) There were no differences in blood sugar levels, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages in white blood cells after the hand massage program. However, natural killer cells in lymphocytes were significantly increased in the experimental group. These findings indicate that a hand massage program could be a effective nursing intervention in decreasing the psychological and physiological anxiety levels and improving immune function in clients having cataract surgery under local anesthesia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.365-372
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of aroma hand massage and hand massage on sleep disturbance and depression in hospitalized elderly patients. The study was performed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The data was collected by using questionnaires and the measured values from 1 June to 31 August, 2006. The subjects who were admitted to the B Medical Center Hospital in Busan. A total of 40 subjects were selected : 20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. The aroma hand massage was administered to the experimental group, and hand massage was given to the control group. The experimental group were applied the aroma hand massage executed by methods such as effleurage, circling, pressing, etc. to both hands using a solution diluting six drops of lavender oil, and bergamot oil, 3% in jojoba oil 20 cc. In the experimental group, aroma hand massage was given for 10 minutes, three times a week, during 2 weeks. The control group receiving the hand massage was given the massage for 10 minutes every two days for 2 weeks. The result of the study are as follows : 1) The first hypothesis : "The Experimental group would have a higher degree of sleep score than the control group" was supported(F=31.798, p=p<0.001). 2) The second hypothesis : "The Experimental group would have a lower degree of depression score than the control group" was supported(F=21.743, p<0.001). Aroma hand massage is an effective nursing intervention for decreased sleep disturbance and depression. Therefore, aroma hand massage by nursing intervention is strongly recommended for improving psychological and physiological functions in hospitalized elderly patients.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.42-53
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of aroma hand massage on anxiety and sleep in cancer patients during hospitalization. Methods: This study used a pre-post non-synchronized quasi-experimental design. Data were collected from 66 participating patients from July to December 2008. The participants were divided into an aroma massage group (n=25), a hand massage group (n=15), and a control group (n=26). The experimental group received aroma hand massage using 1% diluted lavender aroma oil once per day for 3 days. The massage was given by the researcher following the Korea Aromatherapy Health Professional Association massage protocol In contrast control group A received only a hand massage. The state anxiety, sleep condition, sleep satisfaction levels, and sleep duration were measured before and after the intervention trial. Results: The aroma hand massage group experienced in a significant decrease in their state anxiety (F=7.658 p=.001). Moreover, there was a significant increase in their sleep condition (F=18.047, p=.001), sleep satisfaction (F=30.016, p=.001) and sleep duration (F=23.019, p=.001) compared to the other groups according to one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple comparison test. Also, noted was a significant increase in the sleep condition of the hand massage group as in the aroma hand massage group according to the Scheffe test. Conclusion: The study findings indicates that aroma hand massage decreases anxiety and increases the sleep condition, sleep satisfaction, and sleep duration of cancer patients.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate, The Effects of Massage and Taping on Muscle Strength and Flexibility and Pain with Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness(DOMS). DOMS is a common problem that can interfered with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. Methods : Thirty subjects untrained were randomly assigned into Massage group, Taping group, Massage and Taping group. Treatment were applied at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after induction DOMS. The effects of Massage and Taping and Muscle strength and flexibility on DOMS were evaluated by a goniometer and dynamometer and taping and VAS sheet. Results : The results of this study were as follow : 1) There was a significant difference among Taping group, Massage group, Taping and massage group in the case of using graduator. The interaction of group shown a significance (p<.05). 2) In the case of using goniometer, all three groups had the significant difference in period (p<.05) and the interaction of group-period shown a significance(p<.05). 3) In the case of using VAS, all three group had the significant differences in period(p<.05) and the interaction of group-period shown a significance(p<.05). Conclusions : These findings suggested that Taping and Massage had effect on DOMS.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 2006

Objective : As this is a quasi-experimental study by the post-test design for a nonequivalent control group, it was attempted to verify the effect of massage using aroma oil on whether or not the normal vaginal delivery of primiparous mothers. Methods : As for the experimental treatment, it applied the aroma oil massage to the experiment group when the cervical dilatation was $4{\sim}5cm$, and as for the data analysis, it conducted the significance test using the program of SPSS 12K for Windows, with Chi-square test $(X^2)$ and t-test. Results : The experiment group that carried out the aroma massage therapy, was high in the cases of normal vaginal delivery(P<0.05), compared to the control group that did not carry out the aroma massage therapy. Conclusion : The experiment group, which received the aroma massage therapy, had significant difference in the cases of normal vaginal delivery, compared to the control group that did not receive the aroma therapy, thus the aroma massage therapy is thought to be a nursing-intervention plan, which can be usefully applied as to the primiparous mothers aiming at normal vaginal delivery.