• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1171-1176
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• 1999

The precision and reliability of the Computer Image Analysis technique using a desk top computer for extracting information from carcass cross section scans was evaluated by the repeatability (R) and coefficient of variation (CV) for error variance. The 6th and 7th ribs cross section of carcasses from 55 fattened Japanese Black steers were used. The image analysis was conducted using a desk top computer (Macintosh-Apple Vision 1710 Display) connected to a scanner and an image capture camera. Two software applications, Adobe Photoshop and Mac Scope were used interchangeably. The information extracted and measured were individual muscle area, circumference length, long and short axes lengths, muscle direction; distance between any two muscle centers of gravity; cross section total area, lean, fat, and bone. The information was extracted after the processes of scanning, digitization, masking, muscle separation, and binarization. When using the Computer Image Analysis technique by desk top computer, proper digitization and selection of scanning resolution are very important in order to obtain accurate information. The R-values for muscle area, circumference, long and axes lengths, and direction ranged from 0.95 to 0.99, whereas those of the distance between any two muscle centers of gravity ranged from 0.96 to 0.99, respectively. For the cross section total area, lean, fat, and bone it ranged from 0.83 to 0.99. Excellent repeatability measurements were observed for muscle direction and distance between any two muscle centers of gravity. The results indicate that the Computer Image Analysis technique using a desk top computer for extracting information from carcass cross section is reliable and has high precision.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.517-524
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• 2022

Human pose estimation is a method of estimating a posture by extracting a human joint key point. When occlusion occurs, the joint key point extraction performance is lowered because the human joint is covered. The occlusion phenomenon is largely divided into three types of actions: self-contained, covered by other objects, and covered by background. In this paper, we propose an effective posture estimation method using a masking phenomenon enhancement technique. Although the posture estimation method has been continuously studied, research on the occlusion phenomenon of the posture estimation method is relatively insufficient. To solve this problem, the author proposes a data augmentation technique that intentionally masks human joints. The experimental results in this paper show that the intentional use of the blocking phenomenon enhancement technique is strong against the blocking phenomenon and the performance is increased.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.1159-1164
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• 2006

Broadband antennas have late-time ringing by multi-reflections between feed points and 0pen ends of the antennas, which indicates the narrowband nature of the antenna. The resistive loading has been used to reduce the late time ringing that is important for ground penetrating radar and resonance detection systems in order to prevent masking of target. In this paper, we design an ultra wide band antenna with resistive loading technique to reduce the internal reflections within the antenna.. The designed antenna is implemented and tested to show inIproved characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 1999

Using a single precursor of hexamethyldisilane $(Si_{2}(CH_{3})_{6})$, $\beta$-SiC film was successfully deposited on a Si substrate at $1100^{\circ}C$ by a chemical vapor deposition method. Selectivity of SiC deposition on a Si substrate partially covered with a masking material was investigated by introducing HCl gas into hexamethyldisilane/$H_{2}$ gas system during the deposition. The schedule of the precursor and HCl gas flows was modified so that the selectivity of SiC deposition between a Si substrate and a mask material should be improved. It was confirmed that the selectivity of SiC deposition was improved by introducing HCl gas. Also, the pulse gas flow technique was effective to enhance the selectivity.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose a new digital audio watermarking scheme In the cepstrum domain. We insert a digital watermark signal Into the cepstral components of the audio signal using a technique analogous to spread spectrum Communications, hiding a narrow band signal in a wade band channel. In our proposed method, we use pseudo-random sequences to watermark the audio signal. The watermark Is then weighted in the cepstrum domain according to the distribution of cepstral coefficients and the frequency masking characteristics of the human auditory system. The proposed watermark embedding scheme minimizes audibility of the watermark signal. and the embedded watermark is robust to mu1tip1e watermarks, MPEG audio ceding and additive noose.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.1001-1008
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of anger expression in middle-aged Korean women by categorizing their patterns of expression while considering the complexity and multidimensionality of anger, and by investigating the characteristics relative to the patterns. Methods: The research design was a descriptive design using Q methodology, which is a method of measuring subjectivity. A convenience sample of 42 participants aged 40-60 years and living in the community in Korea was recruited. The PC-QUANL software program (a factor analysis program for the Q technique) was used to analyze the Q-sort data. Results: Four factors were extracted that described different expressions of anger among middle-aged Korean women; these factors explained 50.1% of the total variance. The frames of reference of the four factors were a) direct diversion, b) silent masking with remaining anger, c) self digestion, and d) controlling anger with objectification. Conclusion: In this study has identified patterns and characteristics of anger expression among middle-aged Korean women were identified, which will aid the development of effective anger-management programs for controlling anger in this population. In future studies, it would be helpful to investigate how the patterns of anger expression established herein are associated with specific health problems such as cardiovascular disorder and cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.257-262
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• 2008

In this paper, the key parameters of $CO_2$ laser(focus depth, air blow rate, total laser beam time, number of pulse) are experimented for thru-hole and scribing line on AIN(aluminum nitride) substrate with high thermal conductivity. And, microstrip line & spiral planar inductor are fabricated on AIN substrate using 5 um Cu-plating with self-masking technique. The microstrip line of AIN has 0.1 dB/mm attenuation at 10 GHz and 6 nH spiral planar inductor has 56 maximum quality factor at 1 GHz. Thus, the AIN substrate is promising for GHz applications of high power area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.291-296
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• 2003

This study estimated surface temperature by using split-window technique and NOAA/AVHRR data was used. For surface monitoring, cloud masking procedure was carried out using threshold algorithm. The daily maximum air temperature is estimated by multiple regression method using independent variables such as satellite-derived surface temperature, EDD, and latitude. When the EDD data added, the highest correlation shown. This indicates that EDD data is the necessary element for estimation of the daily maximum air temperature. We derived correlation and experience equation by three approaching method to estimate daily maximum air temperature. 1) non-considering landcover method as season, 2) considering landcover method as season, and 3) just method as landcover. The last approaching method shows the highest correlation. So cross-validation procedure was used in third method for validation of the estimated value. For all landcover type 5, the results using the cross-validation procedure show reasonable agreement with measured values(slope=0.97, intercept=-0.30, R$^2$=0.84, RMSE=4.24$^{\circ}C$). Also, for all landcover type 7, the results using the cross-validation procedure show reasonable agreement with measured values(slope=0.993, Intercept=0.062, R$^2$=0.84, RMSE=4.43$^{\circ}C$).

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2008

Lake studies play an important role in water management, ecology, and other environmental issues. Typically, monitoring lake levels is the first step on the lake studies. However, for the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America having millions of small lakes and potholes, on-site measurement for lake levels is almost impossible with the conventional gage stations. Therefore, we employed Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing approach with the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data to extract lake levels. Several image processing techniques were used to extract lake levels for January, 2000 as a one-time snapshot which will be useful in historic lake level reconstruction. This study is associated with other remote sensing datasets such as Landsat imagery and Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle (DOQ). In this research, firstly, image processing techniques like FFT filtering, Lee-sigma, masking with Canny Edge Detector, and contouring were tested for lake level estimation. The semi-automated contouring technique was developed to accomplish the bulk processing for large amount of lakes in this region. Also, effectiveness of each method for bulk processing was evaluated.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.41.1-41.1
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• 2010

It has been suggested that merging plays an important role in the formation and the evolution of early-type galaxies. Optical-NIR color gradients of early-type galaxies in high density environments are found to be less steep than those in low density environment, hinting frequent merger activities in early-type galaxies in high density environment. In order to confirm if the flat color gradient is the result of dry merger, we decided to look deeply to find merging features and get their relation with color gradient. We selected samples which show extreme values of optical-NIR color gradients based on the data of previous study, and observed them at Maidanak observatory 1.5m telescope with long exposure. After masking out overlaid sources, our analysis reveals that these galaxies do not have extreme color gradient values. High degree sky flat technique was used during observation to aid discovery of faint, extended features. However, flatness of detector (SNUCAM) was good enough, so we could not see any marked improvement in image quality compared to those using normal sky flats. Additionally we noticed a feature that looks like merging tidal tail in the CFHT archival image, but this does not show up on the image we obtained. This demonstrates that flatness and correct sky estimation is very important when we look for faint merging features. In future we plan to enlarge the number of the sample.