• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.626-638
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• 2020

In this study, protective masks were designed in varying internal volume and analyzed in regards to wearing effect. Masks were measured by surface temperature and subjective wear evaluation. Four experimental masks were created with an increasing distance between the mask center line and nose in increments. The distances were set at 0.0 cm (M0), 2.0 cm (M2), 4.0 cm (M4), and 6.0 cm (M6). The area and volume of each experimental mask was measured and both measurements had a positive correlation with the set distances. Among the experimental masks, M2 was the most breathable. The heat between the face and the mask created by exhalation was able to escape from the mask and provided the highest comfort sensation when worn. Conversely, an internal volume that is too large would decrease its comfort because repetitive breathing deforms the appearance of the mask and adversely affects its fit. Therefore, creating and maintaining the optimal internal volume of the M2 mask is important to achieve maximum thermal sensation and ease of wear.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.851-861
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• 2013

This study analyzed the fashionable characteristics of functional fashion mask types. This study reviewed the literature on masks and analyzed fashion photos found in fashion books, fashion collections and on internet fashion sites. The results were categorized into four characteristics. Integration of structure and function showed mask designs that connected to the hood and portable items. It represented the reflection of nomadic life, liberation, obscurity and the consciousness of discomfort. Signs of playfulness showed mask hybrids and animal images, the mask hybrids and humanoid images, the printing of animal characters, body parts and unusual material hybrids. It represented the liberation from a fixed identity, the loss of seriousness, the reduction of tension and the pursuit of pleasure and freedom. The duplicity of aggression and protection showed a futuristic or aggressive helmet facemask, an enclosed mask of intensive color, and the morphological hybrid of a disgusting or aggressive motif. It represented the end of human weakness, the desire of new self-expression and the longing of superhuman power. Fanciful decoration showed masks with glittery decoration, sunglasses with luxury decoration material, a medical facemask made of lace material and fanciful printing. It showed one facet of extreme consumption, the creation of new personality and value, the pursuit of high quality and a mutual coexistence of status and anonymity.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2002

A design implemented the $\delta$SAcc234bit Mask Data Insertion algorithm that can let the Mask which commercialized Wave Steganography had improved the problem that a filter ring was able to easily become and raised Capacity and extend the width that Cover-data was alternative. Also, it applied 3-Tier file encryption algorithm with a proposal in order to improve a security level of Mask. 3-Tier file encryption algorithm is the algorithm that a specific pattern improved the problem that appeared in Ciphertext according to a file. A design implemented the StegoWaveK model carried out Wave Steganography, using $\delta$SAcc234bit Mask Data Insertion algorithm and the 3-Tier file encryption algorithm that proposed in this paper.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 2006

For over two thousand years, many artists and scientists have tried to understand or quantify the form of the perfect, ideal, or the most beautiful face both in art and in vivo(life). However, this mathematical relationship has been consistently and repeatedly reported to be present in beautiful things. This particular relationship is referred to as the golden ratio. It is a mathematical ratio of 1.618 : 1 that seems to appear recurrently in beautiful things in nature as well as in other things that are seen as beautiful. Dr. Marquardt made the facial golden mask that contains and includes all of the 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional geometric golden element formed from the golden ratio. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the golden facial mask. In our cases(n=40), the authors applied the facial golden mask to the preoperative and postoperative photographs, and scored each photograph. Compared with the average scores of the facial mask applied photographs and none applied photographs using non-parametric test, statistical significance was not checked (p > 0.05). It means that the facial golden mask can be used for facial analysis. The facial golden mask is easy to apply, cheap and relatively objective. So, the authors introduce the one of useful facial analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.91-97
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• 2010

Micro-abrasive Jet Machining is one of the new technology which enables micro-scale machining on the surface of high brittle materials. In this technology it is very important to fabricate a mask that prevents excessive abrasives not to machine un-intend surface. Our previous work introduced the micro-stereolithography technology for the mask fabrication. And is good to not only planar material but also for non-planar materials. But the technology requires a 3 dimensional mask CAD model which is perfectly matched with the surface topology of parent material as an input. Therefore there is strong need to develop an automated modeling technology which produce adequate 3D mask CAD model in fast and simple way. This paper introduces a fast and simple mask modeling algorithm which represents geometry of models in voxel. Input of the modeling system is 2D pattern image, 3D CAD model of parent material and machining parameters for Micro-abrasive Jet Machining. And the output is CAD model of 3D mask which reflects machining parameters and geometry of the parent material. Finally the suggested algorithm is implemented as software and verified by some test cases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.277-281
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• 2005

Air-line mask is an important personal protective equipment for workers working under hazardous surroundings in which a fixed ventilation system is difficult to be installed. If the air-line mask make loud noise, works wearing the mask may be faced with health problems such as noise induced hearing loss(NIHL). The purpose of this study is to introduce a low noisy technology for workers using air-line mask. A traditional type air-line has been improved to an advanced air-line mask with lesser noise. In the mask, air suppling conduits consists of multi tubes are placed inside of the front of the safety helmet. The noise level reduced from 80dB(A) to less than 80dB(A) when measured by KS A 0701 method at Center for Safety Inspection, Testing and Certification for KOSHA. It is suitable for related regulation[Article 35 of the Industrial Safety and Health Act(Test of Personal Protective Equipment)]. While workers working in noise level of over 90dB(A), they may expose to 82dB(A) or less when they wear the advanced masks. This type masks can be an alternative for works suffering from loud noise generated by traditional air-line masks.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.70-74
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• 2018

We fabricated an anode-type ion source driven by a charge repulsion mechanism and investigated its beam shape controlled by a Whenelt mask integrated at the front face of the source. The ion beam shape was observed to vary by changing the geometry of the Whenelt mask. As the angle of inclination of the Whenelt mask was varied from $40^{\circ}$ to $60^{\circ}$, the etched area at a thin film was reduced from 20 mm to 7.5 mm at the working distance of 286 mm, and the light transmittance through the etched surface was increased from 78% to 80%, respectively. In addition, for the step height difference, ${\Delta}$ between the inner mask and the outer mask of ${\Delta}=0$, -1 mm, and +1 mm, we observed the ion beam shape was formed to be collimated, diverged, and focused, respectively. The focal length of the focused beam was 269 mm. We approved experimentally a simple way of controlling the electric field of the ion beam by changing the geometry of the Whenelt mask such that the initial direction of the ion beam in the plasma region was manipulated effectively.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.401-407
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• 2019

Polymeric optical waveguide devices with Bragg gratings have been investigated, for implementing tunable lasers and wavelength filters used in wavelength-division-multiplexed optical communication systems. Owing to the excellent thermo-optic effect of these polymers, wavelength tuning is possible over a wide range, which is difficult to achieve using other optical materials. In this study the phase-mask technology, which has advantages over the conventional interferometeric method, was introduced to facilitate the fabrication of Bragg gratings in polymeric optical waveguide devices. An optical setup capable of fabricating multiple Bragg gratings simultaneously on a 4-inch silicon wafer was constructed, using a 442-nm laser and phase mask. During fabrication, some of the diffracted light in the phase mask was totally reflected inside the mask, which affected the quality of the Bragg grating adversely, so experiments were conducted to solve this issue. To verify grating uniformity, two types of wavelength-filtering devices were fabricated using the phase-mask lithography, and their reflection and transmission spectra were measured. From the results, we confirmed that the phase-mask method provides good uniformity, and may be applied for mass production of polymer Bragg-grating waveguide devices.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 2021

COVID-19 has dramatically changed people's daily life. Wearing masks is considered as a simple but effective way to defend the spread of the epidemic. Hence, a real-time and accurate mask wearing detection system is important. In this paper, a deep learning-based mask wearing detection system is developed to help people defend against the terrible epidemic. The system consists of three important functions, which are image detection, video detection and real-time detection. To keep a high detection rate, a deep learning-based method is adopted to detect masks. Unfortunately, according to the suddenness of the epidemic, the mask wearing dataset is scarce, so a mask wearing dataset is collected in this paper. Besides, to reduce the computational cost and runtime, a simple online and real-time tracking method is adopted to achieve video detection and monitoring. Furthermore, a function is implemented to call the camera to real-time achieve mask wearing detection. The sufficient results have shown that the developed system can perform well in the mask wearing detection task. The precision, recall, mAP and F1 can achieve 86.6%, 96.7%, 96.2% and 91.4%, respectively.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a method of measuring Fine dust in images using K-means and Sobel-mask based edge detection techniques using CCTV. The proposed algorithm collects images using a CCTV camera and designates an image range through a region of interest. When clustering is completed by applying the K-means algorithm, outline is detected through Sobel-mask, edge strength is measured, and the concentration of fine dust is determined based on the measured data. The proposed method extracts the contour of the mountain range using the characteristics of Sobel-mask, which has an advantage in diagonal measurement, and shows the difference in detection according to the concentration of fine dust as an experimental result.