• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.93-104
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of variables such as student participation and activities on university students' university satisfaction and loyalty. And the implications of this study are as follows. First, students' aptitude coincidence has a positive effect on students' activities in university. And also, the attitude of class is positively related to school activities, Second, the participation of college students in school events has a positive effect on friendship, job related behavior, and university satisfaction. The friendship of college students has a positive effect on the loyalty of university satisfaction university. and job related behavior also has positive effects on university satisfaction and university loyalty. Past marketing studies have proved that interactivity among consumers is an important factor for consumers to engage in service. In college, as well, it is found that positive interaction and friendship among students are important influences on school satisfaction. The higher satisfaction of the university, the higher the intention to recommend the school. Therefore, in order to enhance the recommendation of graduates or students, it is important to satisfy the students, and this can be accomplished by management of antecedent variables that this study suggested.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 2004

The health of feet is connected with individual's health and affects a man's activity. Shoes need to be designed to protect feet and to absorb the impact of land. Thus, design, comfort and economical efficiency are important factors of shoes. Consumers can choose suitable shoes for their feet in off-line shopping. However, in on-line shopping, because they can not wear shoes, compare to the off-line shopping, there are many problems in internet shopping. First, consumers can get limited information of shoes because they must search information of purchase without other's help. Second, because consumers can not get important information such as design, size and a comfort of wearing, they can not make a careful decision. Above these, the solution of user-oriented internet shopping is development of new type of prototype which is accessible to user and to offer visual information through 3D virtual reality.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.444-453
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• 2014

In this paper, we made sausages which included 1% black garlic extracts at $15^{\circ}Bx$ mixed with 0.3% dried powders of Curcuma longa L. (ST1), Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (ST2), Asparagus ocinals L. (ST3) and Aloe vera (ST4), respectively, and evaluated the quality of the sausage by instrumental analysis and sensory evaluation. The sausages were stored at $8^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks. In terms of color intensity, ST2 provided the highest lightness (L) and redness (a), while the yellowness (b) was the highest in ST3. In the initial duration, the control group of sausage showed the highest texture measurement. ST4 had the lowest pH level (highest acidity). These outcomes decreased as the storage time became longer. In the initial storage duration, the ST4 had the highest total sugar content ($17.64{\pm}0.92mg/100g$), and this increased with longer storage duration. Since the contents of TBARS for the proposed sausages had been incremented, the initial contents were generally lower than those of the control sausages. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was performed as $89.11{\pm}0.66{\sim}99.22{\pm}0.09%$ at the $1000{\mu}g/mL$ level during the initial day of storage. To conclude, the sausages supplemented the black garlic with the proposed dried powders have a high chance of being a suitable commercial product for both customs and marketing eld.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2016

Purpose - There have been numerous studies investigating the effects of corporate social responsibility initiatives on corporate associations or corporate images. In line of this research stream, current research examined the potential impact of customer participation in the process of corporate social responsibility initiatives on attitude toward the company. This research differentiates from previous studies that it is the first to connect corporate social responsibility and customer participation. Specifically, we suggest a structural model on corporate associations which was classified into corporate ability associations and corporate social responsibility associations that the more the customers participate in initiating corporate social responsibility, corporate associations were formed more positively. And this leads to the increase of revisit intentions through customer satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - To test our research model, we collected data of real consumers of a large discount store in Korea. At the large discount store, customers were given an opportunity to participate the discount store's CSR activity program. We performed field survey and collected data of 146 respondents. We analyzed the data using PASW statistics 21.0 and AMOS 16.0 in order to test our structural model. Results - The results showed that consumers who participated more in initiating corporate social responsibility revealed higher score for corporate ability associations and corporate social responsibility associations. These corporate associations had a positive effect on customer satisfaction, which leads to higher attitude toward revisit intentions. Specifically, hypothesis 1.1 "As Customer participation in CSR process increases, the evaluation of CA associations will be positive,"was supported. Hypothesis 1.2 "As Customer participation in CSR process increases, the evaluation of CSR associations will be positive," was supported. Hypothesis 2.1 "As the evaluation of CA associations is positive, satisfaction with the firm will increase," was supported. Hypothesis 2.1 "As the evaluation of CSR associations is positive, satisfaction with the firm will increase," was supported. Hypothesis 3 "As satisfaction with the firm increases, revisit intentions with the firm will increase," was supported. Conclusions - This research is the first to study the relationship between customer participation in CSR process, CSR, and consumer reactions. This research also contributes to customer participation and corporate social responsibility literature by suggesting customer participation as an antecedent and empirically demonstrating the positive relationships between the constructs. The findings of this research may offer managerial implications for marketing practitioners. When performing corporate social initiatives, it is better to let the customer participate in the process which leads to higher corporate ability associations and corporate social responsibility associations, also higher satisfaction and revisit intentions. Our results provide useful information to practioners that spontaneous participation of consumers makes CSR initiatives effective and successful. Limitations and ideas for further research remain in this research. For example, our focus on the logic was cognitive evaluations(e.g. corporate associations) but affective dimensions might be considered since recent researches are investigating the relationship between customer participation and affective reaction as a response. Despite the limitations, this research have unique and applicable implications for academics and practitioners.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.37-60
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• 2010

Department Stores have been in place as typical large-scale retailer in Korean retail market. After Asian financial crisis in 1997, the market share of major three department stores has been increased and they have had a dominant position in relationship with vendors or manufacturers. Thus, they are able to control sales commission. Sales commission is defined as things that department stores which contribute to products sales instead of manufacturers take some portion of price as their revenue. In other words, vendors or manufacturers pay some amount of money from their sales by contracted ratio to department stores. The problem is that vendors or manufacturers think that sales commission is high. However, department stores have a different opinion that sales commission is not high because they generate new value from gathering customers and doing marketing activity on behalf of vendors or manufacturers. Because department stores have operated with business model of renting sales space to vendors or manufacturers instead of buying goods directly from them, this situation has been taken place. The revenue of department stores depend on sales commission. Thus, they want to get a dominant power to control sales commission in relationship with vendors or manufacturers. So, they have tried to increase their size and brand power. The considered policies related in sales commission of department stores are as following: preventing monopoly or oligopoly of department store, being strength of monitoring for department stores' unfair trade, strict enforcement of law for large-scale retailer's unfair trade, and inducing win-win strategy doing voluntarily by department stores.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1679-1685
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• 2008

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a naturally occurring compound found in dairy and beef products. It has been shown to suppress cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. Practically, there is emerging evidence that CLA can inhibit chemically induced carcinogenesis in various tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms of CLA on human MCF-7 breast cancer cells have not been clearly explained yet. In this report, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of CLA in MCF-7 cells. It was found that CLA could inhibit the growth of the MCF-7 cells and induce apoptosis, through modulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). AMPK acts as a cellular fuel gauge and responds to decreased cellular energy status by inhibiting ATP-consuming pathways and increasing ATP-synthesis. CLA treatment with variable concentrations and different time of same-dose CLA on MCF-7 cells resulted in a strong activation of AMPK and an inhibition of COX-2 expression. It supports that CLA induces apoptosis in CLA-treated MCF 7 cells. Therefore, the effects of CLA induced COX-2 expression via activating AMPK can provide new possibility into the understanding the molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer component.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.83-98
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• 2006

With the subjects of male consumers in their 20s to 40s living in the Ningbo area in Zhejiang Province, this study aims to investigate into the reality of their purchase attitude and size fitness of ready-made suits. The results are as follows; Looking into their demographic characteristics, 70.6% of the subjects were twenties, 60.6% were single, and educational career stood in the order of college, middle school, and high school graduation. They were largely absorbed in free trade, followed by teaching, commerce and service industry. 59.6% of them were Zhejiang Province belongs. One to two thousand yuan was the greatest portion of their monthly income. As for their purchase attitude of ready-made suits, they thought higher of material, quality, activity, and solidity than of design. They preferred to buy clothes at a department store. There was significant difference between purchase frequency and purchase price according to monthly income and jobs. Concerning brand recognition, the Chinese subjects favored "Youngor." Though Korea's brands were very lowly recognized, Korean products received really high recognition. Compared with China's brands, they found foreign brands excellent in design, followed by material/matter, wear, and sewing. As to their physical satisfaction and the size fitness of clothes, most subjects felt happy with their sizes. Trousers and jackets were among the unfitting suit items, while the girth of waist was the least satisfactory size. Therefore, in order to raise the market occupation rate of Korean suit goods in China, more aggressive marketing strategies are required to utilize the current Korean-style entertainment and maximize concerning brand images. In particular, outstanding products in consideration of prices should be made through the proper patternmaking to reflect the body types of the Chinese.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1982

The possibility of developing new kinds of lactic acid beverage from a malt syrup was studied. The optimum sugar concentration of malt syrup for the cultivation of lactic acid bacteria was $10^{\circ}Bx$. The acidity of the fermented malt syrup was improved by the supplement of yeast extract(0.5%) or sodium citrate(0.08%). Though the activity of Lactobacillus lactis in malt syrup was superior to other strains, sensory test indicated that the mixed culture of Lactobacillus lactis and Streptococcus diacetilactis was better because of masking malt flavour. The changes in acidity and viable cells of malt syrup during the lactic fermentation were not so good as skim milk medium, but malt syrup medium containing milk(50 : 50) was nearly similar to skim milk medium. In the sensory scores among samples, no significant differences(P<0.05) were noted between fermented milk and fermented malt syrup containing milk, but fermented malt syrup showed a poor quality. However fermented malt syrup was not inferior to marketing lactic fermented fruit juices with regards to the lactic acid fermented beverage type.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.56
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• pp.237-256
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• 2011

The goal of this study is to examine consumers' cognition for the corporate social responsibility(CSR) and opinion to practical use of CSR on advertising (ex. corporate PR) in situation that CSR is treated with long-term and continuous activity in strategic marketing. The results of survey in this study are, first, the best effective method of CSR to introduce is TV or radio program placed first, internet came second, and followed by advertising. But the cognition process of CSR is internet palaced first in frequency. Thus it is very important to use of new media as a internet with regard to CSR. Second, respondents have thought positively about CSR and to practical use of CSR on advertising. But respondents answered that CSR is not enough though it's importance. Therefore marketers of companies is needed to transfer direction of CSR accord with consumers' liking and taste. Third, consumers have recognized that CSR in connection with characteristics core business of the companies. It is, image of company is not detached with CSR, more effective that CSR reflected characteristics of the company. Fourth, consumers have thought to active for CSR that the companies they like. Finally, these results are showed that is important brand management and corporate image management in strategic and macroscopic level include CSR.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2018

The main purposes of this study are to analyze the contents and text network of online tourism information. For this purpose, Jeju Island, one of the representative tourist destinations in South Korea is selected as a study site. And this study collects the contents of both JeJu official tourism website and Sina Weibo's personal blogs which is one of the most popular Social Network Systems in China. In addition, this study analyzes this online text information using ROST Content Mining System, one of the Chinese big data mining systems. The results of the content analysis show that the formal website of Jeju includes the nouns related to natural, geographical and physical resources, verbs related to existence of resources, and adjectives related to the beauty, cleanness and convenience of resources mainly. Meanwhile, personal blogs include the nouns of Korean-wave, food, local products, other destinations and shopping, verbs related to activity and feeling in Jeju, and adjectives related to their experiences and feeling mainly. Finally, the results of text network show that there are some strong centrality and network of online tourism information at formal website, but there are weak relationships in personal blogs. The results of this study may be able to contribute to the development of demand-based marketing strategies of tourists destination.