• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.103-129
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• 2007

One of the most enduring concepts in the history of marketing thought relates to the classification of consumer goods. The product classification theory first proposed by Copeland(1923) has, with little modification, survived to the present day, and continues to be endorsed by the American Marketing Association and other related institutions some 80 years after it was first published. In truth, Copeland's classification is now outdated and bears little, if any, relevance to modern product advertising, retailing and consumption. In particular, it can not accommodate the fact that, in modern societies, consumer preoccupations with style, personal identity and status have meant that the social characteristics of goods, heavily promoted by brand managers who understand their markets, are key determinants of consumer choice and buyer behavior. In this respect, the author attempted to explore the reasons why product classification theory has been unresponsive to changes in market conditions over so many years and argue that its failure to embrace the many social influences on consumption and on consumer behavior is now its most serious weakness. And also, the author proposed the new categorization system of goods, based on the several existing literatures.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.55-61
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• 2018

Purpose - It suggests that making a policy and strategies for a way of Dubai has a strong priority strategy on science and technology by using much oil dollars to prepare risk when oil dollar's decrease. This has been now investigated how the leading innovator has changed the periphery countries. Research design, data, and methodology - Analyze policy, status, what other neighbouring Middle East countries also want to benchmark a successful case of a leading Dubai strategy. Higher manpower is needed absolutely to develop S&T. and etc. Dubai and Arab countries establish university to nurture as well as invite the talented manpower from overseas to recover deficient manpower. Dubai built totally academy city and invited branch of the overseas famous university, and Saudi Arabia built university(KAUST) and invite faculty and support good scholarship for students. Abrab countries especially, This is studied the process of differentiating and integrating the migrant workers of these cities into the globalized cities. This has resulted in large-scale employment for foreign and local companies in these cities and the spread of science and innovation. Results - Dubai supports venture or SMEs by using a strong priority strategy and attracts foreigner's investor, with which the neighbouring countries have been preparing together for 4th wave. It demonstrates that the gravitational model has been activated from neighboring countries of innovation science to create Dubai's hub. The maturity of long-term urban innovation is related to innovation capability through the national response and review. As a result, the flow of skilled international migration has been localized because of the mutual intersection with the local employment structure, and the development has spread as it spreads to neighboring countries. Conclusion - For the exploiting of new Distribution market in the neighbouring countries, Middle East countries' a strong priority strategy on S&T and education system give an influence on economic situation of the 4th wave in the world and world order of leading by USA, Japan, or EU, and etc. This is due to the creation of clusters in the form of SEZs, friendly industrial policies and world-class infrastructure and innovation development. Its neighbours benchmark the cases of distribution of science innovation and centralizes the surrounding people.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.6
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• pp.7-22
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• 2002

Animation constitutes the core of the media industry, which in turn lies at the center of the cultural industry. It is considered one of the industries where South Korea has the competitive edge over other countries. With the pool of customers getting wider, the genre of animation has become more and more diverse, forming a great market for it. Aware of this trend, this study focused on animation as a part of the pop culture, and on providing corresponding various viewpoints for future cultural studies. This researcher measured the practicality and persuasiveness of this study through Shreck, a three-dimensional C.G. animation which is acclaimed for its success in dismantling the old grammar of animation movies that represent the anti-Disney ideas. This researcher felt it imperative to heed the unique language of Shreck, which contains discourses on various cultural ideologies such as paradoxical structure that pits entertainment that is shown through dismantling of the canon, feminism and antifeminism against each other. This study analyzed the entertaining element of the animation genre by means of the Semiotics of Keith Moxey, thereby attempting to establish a legitimate social status of the genre, whose artfulness has been depreciated in the art society. In chapter II, this researcher examines the chronological development of three-dimensional C.G. animation that has shown a rapid advancement. Chapter III defines the cultural ideology of Shreck by exploring basic theories and texts employed in analysis of art works. This study started with the assumption that defines, from the viewpoint of symbology, the animation text as an aggregate of discourses on entertainment, and competitive and paradoxical ideologies. Then, this researcher analyzed the text and the generation process of meanings in Shreck. Consequently, this study has come to the following conclusions: First, Shreck induces changes of concepts about the canon by means of distorting and reversing the existing animation movies, which seems to reflect in the contemporary tendency of seeking new interpretations of entertainment. Second, Shreck shows up the cognitive changes of our age as to feminism by competing feminism against antifeminism. Although Shreck serves as a venue of competition between the two opposing ideas, it stops short of brushing off women as outsiders in society. Rather, it represents the resistance to the male chauvinism existing in the structures of animation and culture. As shown in the text analysis, Shreck presents an advent of a new ideology critical of the previous animation films. In addition, it reflects in the struggle between the pro-feminism on the part of the viewers and the anti-feminism that lies in the social and culture structure. This study, however, is limited in its scope and selection of subject. First, although this researcher has stressed the importance of understanding the animation as part of the pop culture and conducting researches within the historic paradigm, this study fails to provide an in-depth insight in the impacts that the changes in the C.G. industry and the systematic conditions may have on the three-dimensional C.G. animation genre. Furthermore, this study runs the risk of being understood as pro-American due to its selection of Shreck as its research subject.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.17
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• pp.69-81
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• 2009

Recently, the animation industry in China is rapidly developing drawing the government and the whole society's attention. To cope with a large-scale animation market by each region, they busily seek revitalization program of animation industry and are producing lots of animations that maximized their creative ability with its own competence and breaking the existing OEM production method. Up to now, when the scale of sales related with animation in China exceeds 10 times than that in Korea, the concrete studies on current state of animation education AS the basis of development of animation industry of China and the way of academic-industrial cooperation through that education are proved to be insufficient. Therefore, this study has surveyed and analyzed the current state of animation education by directly visiting 6 local universities related with animation. Equivocally, it has also examined current state of academic-industrial cooperation in industrial field related with animation in China by directly visiting around 10 main companies related with animation in China. Through this study, it has been possible to grasp the current state and problems of academic-industrial cooperation in China and various programs of academic-industrial cooperation system that can be implemented in universities and businesses which are intended to be suggested to them as based on this analysis. The touchstone of intensive studies on academic-industrial cooperation system in China could be suggested through this study, which has been previously unsatisfactory and it is considered to be worthy of application as many preceding studies that engraft on reality of education in the country today.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.31
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• pp.57-89
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• 2013

Animation tool has been made changes rapid development of animation from analog tool to digital authoring tool. Depending on the change in the status of digital authoring tools, education of digital authoring tool has brought many changes occurred in the institute and university. Digital authoring tool was insufficient for research of authoring tool due to the recognition that authoring tool is a simple tool. I try to resolve the difficulties through the analysis digital authoring tools to students studying at the university. In addition, Suggests social/cultural change of animation practitioners and effective training methods of digital authoring tools in the education of beginners and practitioners. This tool have perceptual knowledge and narrative knowledge. Since the language features and knowledge features is difficult to learn. it must be learned knowledge of computer graphics of professional level properly to learn. Then users should try to be creative within the authoring tool to produce creative results. also formed the community and to exchange information for self-development further it should form job market that authoring tool make formed through medium. So, I think that there is a need to change academically attitude to authoring tool. because this is not only the positive side but it occurs phenomenon to enslave users in authoring tool, and blind faith in the authoring tool or critical stance on software. It was a lot of pre-existing research that investigate engineering and industrial side in the authoring tool. Through this thesis, We will find social/cultural features and academic significance, and investigate that how to approach the method of education.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.39-61
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• 2013

China, a leader of regional economies in North-East Asia, helps to integrate a single shipping market and affects diversely main ports in the region through affecting the flows of container transshipment, strategies of shipping companies for port calling and shipping networks. This study examines competition and cooperation among the hub ports in the region through studying examples of the three Chinese hub ports -Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Tianjin- and concludes some implications of status change of hub ports in the region after scrutinising development process of the Chinese main hub ports and the historic interaction of port development among these ports. The characteristics of growth pattern of three ports are as follows. The port of Hong Kong constructs step by step the container facilities in accordance with demand growth and prefers stabilisation of operation and management through scale enlargement of port facilities. Even though demand grows continually, the port of Shanghai continued its defensive attitude towards facility expansion till the 1990s and has tried to get economies of scale in enlargement of port facilities. The port of Tianjin, similarly as the two other ports, expands serially its facilities and utilizes the capacity concentration and functional specialisation of facilities. The analysis of panel data and panel regression of three hub ports implicates that each port has its own specific demand and shows that the interaction of container handling among three ports was weak in 1980s and has become stricter and stronger since 1990.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2011

Since the early 1990s, Korean construction companies have strived to evolve into global Engineering Construction (EC) companies. However, such efforts have been unsuccessful, partly due to a lack of clear objectives and a misunderstanding of the direction that needed to be taken for such a change. A better understanding is required with respect to the need to transform into an EC company in the context of the rapidly changing global construction environment. This research investigates major EC companies from around the world, and assesses the status of domestic companies' efforts for EC transition. The results of these investigations revealed that domestic firms need to better prioritize their strengths for different markets, i.e., decide whether to implement directly, outsource or limit to process management. In addition, the investigations showed that the global market is shifting from monolithic projects to more complex projects. Such projects require firms with the ability to develop and implement high front-end investment strategies, planning capabilities, and pre-design management skills. Accordingly, we recommend that firms differentiate themselves by developing such a skill set required for specific products.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.8-14
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• 2020

Recently, there was an increasing demand for an integrated access control system which is capable of user recognition, door control, and facility operations control for smart buildings automation. The market available door lock access control solutions need to be improved from the current level security of door locks operations where security is compromised when a password or digital keys are exposed to the strangers. At present, the access control system solution providers focusing on developing an automatic access control system using (RF) based technologies like bluetooth, WiFi, etc. All the existing automatic door access control technologies required an additional hardware interface and always vulnerable security threads. This paper proposes the user identification and authentication solution for automatic door lock control operations using camera based visible light communication (VLC) technology. This proposed approach use the cameras installed in building facility, user smart devices and IoT open source controller based LED light sensors installed in buildings infrastructure. The building facility installed IoT LED light sensors transmit the authorized user and facility information color grid code and the smart device camera decode the user informations and verify with stored user information then indicate the authentication status to the user and send authentication acknowledgement to facility door lock integrated camera to control the door lock operations. The camera based VLC receiver uses the artificial intelligence (AI) methods to decode VLC data to improve the VLC performance. This paper implements the testbed model using IoT open-source based LED light sensor with CCTV camera and user smartphone devices. The experiment results are verified with custom made convolutional neural network (CNN) based AI techniques for VLC deciding method on smart devices and PC based CCTV monitoring solutions. The archived experiment results confirm that proposed door access control solution is effective and robust for automatic door access control.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.437-446
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• 2020

The rapid demand for electric vehicles and energy storage systems has increased interest in energy storage devices worldwide. New technological alternatives are needed to reliably supply energy storage mineral resources such as lithium and vanadium, which are key materials for energy storage devices. Already, research and development activities are taking place in various countries on technologies that can directly secure lithium and vanadium. Accordingly, it is very important to analyze each country's technological trends through patent and paper analysis to establish effective research and development strategies and to set future technological development directions. This study analyzed trends in the development of new technologies and the current status of research and development at home and abroad through patent data from Korea, the United States, Europe, and Japan that were disclosed or registered from 1970 to October 2019, and the data searched for papers from January 2000 to October 2019. According to the analysis, the current growth stage of the technology related to energy storage minerals is in the beginning stage. Therefore, it is believed that a strategy to rapidly upgrade technology by combining the development of new technologies and demonstration of developed technologies is needed in order to lead the technology market and strengthen the competitiveness of technologies.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.8
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• pp.123-144
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• 1997

This study, by setting the systems of room sale promotion, analyzing the actual status and the present working state with its center on the 'RHotel' that is a special grade-two hotel and the sales promotion activities of each type, intends to understand the presentstatus of the hotel and present its problems and the method for improvement. The strategy of salespromotion and the ineffectivenessof the system organization were found to be imminent in the sales promotion activities as its problems, and the importanceis being not attached to the actual substance rather than to the actualresults, such as the advertisement and publicity strategies, the irrationality of sales personnel controland its evaluation method, and therefore, the goal-oriented control is not being takenad its problems are emerging. Therefore, as an improvement plan, we ought to put the plan of the hotel merchandising into action for customers to buy what they want, the establishment of the customer-oriented sales promotionservice and the communication channel using the brand-new managerial skills, systemaizesales promotion method sand strategies, develop the organizational and systematic strategies develop the organizatinal and systemactic strategies and goods for the sake of the image-making and room sales promotion of hotels, develop the activation ways of flexible operation, and also need to develop the skills of sales promotion. Accordingly, by doing irrationalsales activities in the system and the promotion with its center on the sales promotion department, and it sis urgently required that we streng then the comodity developments fitting the hotel's traits, such as uniformpolicy of cost, mass-communicationactivities for sales promotion, the improvement of non-effectiveness, and advertisement of hotel items, and the publishing of public relation books. Therefore, the best weapon for hotels before other purchaseis to be discriminatized from other competitive hotel with theunderstanding of the psychology and activities of customers, and the communicatin with customers, and to set up organicprograms of sales promotionstrategies. Also we must promote our sales in accordance with the desire of new customers, gater the market information of customers, all the time, and systematize the facility improvement, managerial policy, business strategiescorresponding with the desire of customers. By doing so, we are able to seek, at the same time, both the satis faction of customers and the sales maximization of the hotels that will perfrom the activities of sales promotion and management.