• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.63-76
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• 2016

The genetic diversity of Korean native chicken is important for conservation of native chicken breeds and developing economically valuable traits in Korea. In this review, various types of genetic markers using Korean native chickens were investigated, which are mtDNA variations, microsatellite markers, markers in Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These genetic markers are suitable for breed discrimination and diversity studies because of their high polymorphism status. Thus, the purpose of this study was to summarize the genetic markers developed in the Korean native chickens and diversity studies using these breeds. Ultimately, these markers can be used for the future studies for understanding of genetic characteristics.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.89.1-89.7
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• 2022

It is challenging to diagnose metastatic tumors whose cellular morphology is different from the primary. We characterized canine primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAC) and its xenografted tumors by histological and immunohistochemical analyses for critical diagnostic and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers. To generate a tumor xenograft model, we subsequently transplanted the tissue pieces from the PAC into athymic nude mice. Immunohistochemical examination was performed for diagnostic (TTF-1, Napsin A, and SP-A) and CSC markers (CD44 and CD133). The use of CSC markers together with diagnostic markers can improve the detection and diagnosis of canine primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.59-73
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• 2015

Previous research has revealed that people feel past target events are more distant when they recall more intervening events, event markers, that are both accessible in memory and perceived to be related to that target event (Zauberman, Levav, Diehl, and Bhargave 2010). This phenomenon was called the systematic effect of event markers (SEEM). In this research, we explore the moderating effect of the valence of the target event on SEEM and suggest the difficulty of recalling event markers as the possible mechanism. Study 1 shows that SEEM mainly occur when the valence of the target event is negative rather than positive. Study 2 showed that even though people have more difficulty recalling four event markers than one regardless of event valence, the difficulty of recalling event markers only mediates SEEM when the target event valence is negative. Furthermore, when the target event is positive, SEEM does not exist, confirming that the mediating role of the difficulty of recalling event markers on SEEM is moderated by the valence of the target event.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 1997

Linkage maps based on molecular markers are valuable tools in plant breeding and genetic studies. A population of 76 RI lines from the mating of A3733 and PI437.088 was evaluated with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers to create soybean molecular linkage map, 302 RAPD and 21 SSR markers were genetically linked and formed forty linkage groups. These linkage groups spanned a genetic distance of 1,775 cM. The average distance between markers was 5.5 cM.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2017

In this study, the surface marker method, one of the particle tracking methods, used to track the free surface is extended to cover the more general cases easily including the collision and separation of the free surface. In surface particle method to redistribute particles effectively using the grid system, the free surface is composed of the sum of quadrilaterals having four curves where fixed markers are placed at ends of each curve. Fixed markers are used to know how curves are connected to each other. The position of fixed markers can move as the free surface deforms but all fixed markers cannot be deleted during all time of simulation to keep informations of curve connection. In the case of the collision or separtion of the free surface where several curves can be intersected disorderly, severe difficulties can occur to define newly states of curve connection. In this study, the adaptable surface parTicle method without fixed markers is introduced. Intersection markers instead of the fixed markers are used to define quadrilaterals. The position of the intersection markers is defined to be the intersection point between the free surface and the edge of the grid and it can be added or deleted during the time of simulation to allow more flexibilities. To verify numerical schemes, two flow cases are simulated and the numerical results are compared with other's one and shown to be valid.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.772-779
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to examine problems with using F$_1$ data by simulation, association of marker loci and QTL from crosses of inbred parental lines and to enumerate the preliminary characterization of genetic superiority within inbred parental lines. In this study, the association between markers for QTL used as covariates and estimates of variance components due to effects of lines was investigated through computer simulation. The effects of size of population to develop inbred lines and initial frequencies and magnitudes of effects of QTL were also considered. Results show that estimates of variance components due to line effects are influenced by including marker information as covariates in the model for analysis. Estimates of line variance were increased by adding marker information into the analysis, because negative covariances between effects associated with the markers and the remaining effects associated with other loci existed. However, the fit of the model as indicated by the log likelihood improved by adding more markers as covariates into the analysis. Marker assisted selection will be beneficial when markers explain unexplained genetic difference during selection procedure. Markers can be used to identify QTLs affecting traits, and to select for favorable QTL alleles. To efficiently use genetic markers, location of markers at the genome must be identified. The estimates of variance due to effects of with and without marker information used as covariates in the analysis were investigated. The estimates of line variances were always increased when markers were included as covariates for the model because a negative covariance were existed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.310-319
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• 2006

This study intended to compare and analyze marking efficiencies of tailored jacket based on different cloth and production conditions, 'the width of cloth', 'the number of marking pieces' and 'the direction for marking deployment'. The results were as follows. For the two pieces of markers, the efficiency of the cloth width of 110cm was higher than that of 150cm. As the number of markers increased, the efficiency of cloth width of 150cm was higher than that of 110cm. In the case of one-directional deployment, the results obtained was that the efficiency of two markers was higher than that of three markers, while, in the case of bi-directional deployment, the efficiency of three markers was higher than that of two markers. In the case of one-directional deployment for each size, the marking efficiencies were higher in two markers at the cloth width of 110 cm and higher in three markers at the cloth width of 150 cm. Then, in marking efficiencies according to the direction for marking deployment, bi-direction marker was the most efficient marker, followed by one-direction for each size marker and one-direction marker.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1106-1110
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• 2006

In the meat industry, correct breed information in food labeling is required to assure meat quality. Genetic markers provide corroborating evidence to identify breed. This paper describes the development of DNA markers to discriminate between Japanese Black and F1 (Japanese Black${\times}$Holstein) breeds. The amplified fragment length polymorphism method was employed to detect candidate markers absent in Japanese Black but present in Holstein. The 1,754 primer combinations yielded eleven markers that were converted into single nucleotide polymorphism markers for high-throughput genotyping. The allele frequencies in both breeds were investigated for discrimination ability using PCR-RFLP. The probability of identifying F1 was 0.9168 and probability of misjudgment was 0.0066 using four selected markers. The markers could be useful for discriminating between Japanese Black and F1 and would contribute to the prevention of falsified breed labeling of meat.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.209-213
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• 2016

This study evaluated several known echocardiographic markers related to the assessment of severity in dogs with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) after the closure of ductus arteriosus (DA). Forty-two dogs with patent ductus arteriosus were enrolled in this study. Evaluated echocardiographic markers were left atrial to aortic root ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension to aortic root ratio, indexed left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions, end-diastolic and end systolic volume index, pulmonic flow to systemic flow (Qp/Qs) ratio, velocities of pulmonary regurgitant and systolic jets, pulmonary flow profiles and the presence of mitral regurgitation. Those markers were evaluated before, 1 day, and 30 days after the closure of DA. Statistically significant changes in some echocardiographic markers (i.e., Qp/Qs) were observed. Although several studies in human and dogs have evaluated the clinical outcome of PDA occlusion using several echocardiographic markers, this study has firstly evaluated all echocardiographic markers known to be useful for assessing the clinical outcome of PDA occlusion in human, and has demonstrated that those markers including the Qp/Qs and pulmonary flow profiles were useful in evaluating of clinical outcome of PDA in dogs and the reduction of LA and LV preload after ductal closure could dramatically reduce after successful ductal occlusion of PDA in dogs.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.22
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• pp.355-375
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• 2011

This paper investigates multiple marking of evidentials in Korean. Korean has 4 evidential markers: Present Sensory -ney, Past Sensory -te-, Inference -keyss-, Reported -ay. Korean allows evidential marked more than once in the same clause. Not all the possible combinations of evidential markers are, however, observed in Korean. Only five combinations of evidential markers are allowed: Inference followed by Past Sensory (-keysste-), Inference followed by Present Sensory (-keyssney), Past Sensory followed by Reported (-teray), Inference followed by Reported (-keysstay), Inference followed by Past Sensory and Reported (-keyssteray). Multiple making of evidentials in Korean seems to follow combination restrictions: i) Inference comes before Direct Knowledge, ii) Present Sensory and Reported cannot be marked in the same clause, iii) Reported must come after other evidential markers, iv) Past Sensory and Present Sensory cannot be marked in the same clause. Because of these restrictions, only 5 out of dozens possible multiple evidential marking combinations are observed in Korean. This paper takes inflectional suffixes including evidential markers in Korean as syntatic markers and argues that syntactic markers have their own scope and contribute semantic meaning to the scope not to the full sentence. Evidential markers in double marking have different syntactic scope and add not contradictory but complementary meanings to the preposition to express subtle and delicate evidential-related meanings.