• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.187-200
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• 2006

The speech synthesis technology is widely used and its application area is also being broadened to an automatic response service, a learning system for handicapped person, etc. However, the sound quality of the speech synthesizer has not yet reached to the satisfactory level of users. To make a synthesized speech, the existing synthesizer generates rhythms only by the interval information such as space and comma or by several punctuation marks such as a question mark and an exclamation mark so that it is not easy to generate natural rhythms of people even though it is based on mass speech database. To make up for the problem, there is a way to select rhythms after processing language from a higher level information. This paper proposes a method for generating tags for controling rhythms by analyzing the meaning of sentence with speech situation information. We use the Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) [4] which analyzes the meaning of sentence with speech situation information considering the sentence prior to the given one, the situation of a conversation, the relationship among people in the conversation, etc. In this study, we generate Semantic Speech Control Tag (SSCT) by the result of SFG's meaning analysis and the voice wave analysis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.15.1-15.7
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• 2020

This clinical report describes designing and fabricating a single-retainer resin-bonded fixed dental prosthesis with a chair-side computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system. The whole procedure, from tooth extraction to final placement of the prosthesis, was completed in one day, and a single clinic visit. No clinical complications were found at the 2-year follow-up after placement of the restoration, and satisfactory functional and esthetic results were achieved.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.177-197
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• 2010

Japan launched its regulatory certification system for organic foods based on the amended JAS laws in June 2000, followed by the implementation of regulations on organic agricultural products and organic processed foods in January 2001 and with the implementation of the standards on organic animal husbandry and organic feed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries in 2005, organic foods have been under integrated and systematic supervision. Certification of organic foods can be undertaken by registered accredited bodies (private certification bodies) or legal entities conforming to the regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries. However, with the amendment of the JAS laws in March 2006, only legal entities conforming to the regulations of the ISO/IEC GUIDE 65 are eligible as certification bodies. Foreign organic products imported to Japan must be certified organic under JAS regulations and must be manufactured or produced by foreign manufacturers certified by local or foreign registered accredited organizations and distributed with the Organic JAS Mark affixed or through importers certified by local registered accredited organizations and distributed with the Organic JAS Mark affixed on the products. It can be implied from the Japanese case study that it necessary to reform the diverse agricultural products certification systems to set up an integrated certification system, and the restructuring of government organizations, reforms of environmentally-friendly agricultural products certification system and the integration of the organic food certification systems are needed in order to integrate the control of the standards and certification systems.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.1001-1014
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• 2018

Purpose: Autonomous driving cars, which are often represent the new convergence product, have been researched since the early years of 1900 but their safety assurance policies are yet to be implemented for real world practices. The primary purpose of this paper is to propose a modular concept based on which a safety assurance system can be designed and implemented for operating autonomous driving cars. Methods: We combine a set of key attributes of CE mark (European Assurance standard), E-Mark (Automobile safety assurance system), and A-SPICE (Automobile software assurance standard) into a modular approach. Results: Autonomous vehicles are emphasizing software safety, but there is no integrated safety certification standard for products and software. As such, there is complexity in the product and software safety certification process during the development phase. Using the concept of module, we were able to come up with an integrated safety certification system of product and software for practical uses in the future. Conclusion: Through the modular concept, both international and domestic standards policy stakeholders are expected to consider a new structure that can help the autonomous driving industries expedite their commercialization for the technology advanced market in the era of Industry 4.0.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.277-314
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• 2006

This article aims at analysing the reality of banks' liability resulting from the breach of contract on its part to keep the business secrecy with the supplier in the transferable credit, focusing on a English decision, Jackson v. Royal Bank of Scotland [2005] UKHL 3. In this case, the applicant, 'Econ', had purchased various varieties of pre-packed dog chews in bulk through 'Sam'(lst beneficiary) from 'PPLtd'(2nd beneficiary) in Thailand, using a transferable letter of credit issued by 'RBank'. 'Sam' charged a tremendous amount of mark-up on each transaction and it had not been disclosed to 'Econ', although the identity of 'PPLtd' was revealed to 'Econ' by various documents. However, 'RBank' made an unfortunate error to send an completion statement and other documents including 'PPLtd.'s invoice to 'Econ' instead of to 'Sam'. The effect of the Bank's error was to reveal to 'Econ' the substantial profit that 'Sam' was making on these transactions. CEO of 'Econ' was furious and, as a result, decided to cut 'Sam' out of its importing system and terminated their relationship. 'Sam' sued 'RBank' for damages to recover the loss of profits which could have been possibly made, if the information on the mark-up would not have been exposed to 'Econ'. The House of Lord held that 'RBank' was in breach of its duty of confidence, so 'Sam' was entitled to recover damages on a decreasing scale over 4 years, since there was no specific undertaking from the letter of credit.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

In 1990s with the increasing of consumers' standard of life and change of life style, there has been an increase of import from overseas license brands and a new participation of big enterprises, as well as small and medium enterprises in local fashion market. As a leading fashion company with a long tradition and technique, the INDIAN brand of Sejung Inc. needs to establish a new image to preoccupy relative superiorty in the competition with other brands and satisfy future consumers in the present situation of 1990s. Therefore, for developing of its image, we made an investigation of three-dimentional marketing about business environment, and after setting up the B.I concept, we initiated to express a visual image. Through a made-up question after the completion of those works, we decided our logo mark and completed the entire design system, including the basic and applied elements of main design items of INDIAN B.I Finally, to maximize the effect of the brand identity, it is necessary for us to keep the principles in making the shape of design, to take care of them thoroughly, to make all the members' thinking and behavior unite concerned with the brand, and to execute continuous educational programs for practice of B.I. conciousness with the public relations when B.I. will be appeared on the market.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.715-744
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• 2009

This study was analyzed the change of the tariff reduction for the Korea's fishery according to the Non Agricultural Market Access(NAMA) negotiations of the WTO. Four scenarios of tariff liberalization of NAMA are conducted on the basis of a Swiss formula. Using import demand function, we estimated price elasticities of imported fishery. The results of the analysis with mark up 20% show that, in the position of developed member, the value of import increase was between 405 billion won and 439 billion won, and analyzed between 232 billion won and 254 billion won with less than cut 50%. On the other hand, in the position of developing country, the value of import increase was between 311 billion won and 356 billion won, and analyzed between 174 billion won and 201 billion won with less than cut 50%. Also, the results was showed that the highest effects for increasing value of import are a fresh Pollack.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.771-775
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• 2004

The present Web surroundings is mostly composed of HTML(Hypertext Mark-up Language) and thereby users obtain web informations mainly in GUI(Graphical User Interface) environment by clicking mouse in order to keep up with hyperlinked informations. However it is very inconvenient to work in this environment comparing with easily accessed one in which human`s voice is utilized for obtaining informations. Using VoiceXML, resulted from XML, for supplying the information through telephone on the basis of the contemporary matured technology of voice recognition/synthesis to work out the inconvenience problem, this paper presents the research results about VoiceXML VUI(Voice User Interface) Browser designed and implemented for realizing its technology and also the VoiceXML Dialog designed for the purpose of the browser's efficient use.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.821-827
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• 2015

This study concentrates on a wave energy converter with floaters that extracts the ocean's energy by moving up and down with the wave motion. The floater is connected to an arm structure, including a hydraulic cylinder that drives a hydraulic generator. This study focuses on a structural analysis of the floater unit, including arm and cylinder components, platform and jack-up system, along with spud columns. Previous studies have been conducted for miniature models for experimentation, but this study focuses on the full-scale model structural analysis. Static structural analysis is conducted using fine numerical grids. Due to the complexity of the whole model, it is analyzed in separate pieces. The floater unit, with arm and cylinder, are combined into one system. The platform is analyzed separately as a single system. There are four jack-up systems for each spud column; only one jack-up system is analyzed, as uniform loads are assumed on each system. There are several load cases for each system, all of which are analyzed thoroughly for stress (von Mises, shear, and normal) and deformation. Acceptable results were obtained for most of the components; unsafe components were redesigned.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2016

Production of iodine-131 by neutron activation of tellurium in tellurium dioxide ($TeO_2$) material requires a target that meets the safety requirements. In a radiopharmaceutical production unit, a new lid for a can was designed, which permits tight sealing of the target by using tungsten inert gaswelding. The leakage rate of all prepared targets was assessed using a helium mass spectrometer. The accepted leakage rate is ${\leq}10^{-4}mbr.L/s$, according to the approved safety report related to iodine-131 production in the TRIGA Mark II research reactor (TRIGA: Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics). To confirm the resistance of the new design to the irradiation conditions in the TRIGA Mark II research reactor's central thimble, a study of heat effect on the sealed targets for 7 hours in an oven was conducted and the leakage rates were evaluated. The results show that the tightness of the targets is ensured up to $600^{\circ}C$ with the appearance of deformations on lids beyond $450^{\circ}C$. The study of heat transfer through the target was conducted by adopting a one-dimensional approximation, under consideration of the three transfer modes-convection, conduction, and radiation. The quantities of heat generated by gamma and neutron heating were calculated by a validated computational model for the neutronic simulation of the TRIGA Mark II research reactor using the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code. Using the heat transfer equations according to the three modes of heat transfer, the thermal study of I-131 production by irradiation of the target in the central thimble showed that the temperatures of materials do not exceed the corresponding melting points. To validate this new design, several targets have been irradiated in the central thimble according to a preplanned irradiation program, going from4 hours of irradiation at a power level of 0.5MWup to 35 hours (7 h/d for 5 days a week) at 1.5MW. The results showthat the irradiated targets are tight because no iodine-131 was released in the atmosphere of the reactor building and in the reactor cooling water of the primary circuit.