• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2011

최근 멸종위기 종에 때한 보전, 복원프로그램은 세계적인 추세일 뿐만이 아니라 국내에서도 자연환경보전법으로 보호를 받고 있다. 본 연구는 국내에서 멸종 위기에 처해 있는 붉은점모시나비가 상주-영덕 고속도로 계획노선에 의하여 서식지의 일부를 관통하거나 인접하여 이 지역의 개체군을 대체서식지로의 이주가 결정되었다. 이에 대체서식지의 조성에 앞선 선행 작업으로 위치 선정을 위하여 Mark-Release-Recapture (MRR) 방법으로 가상이동모텔을 적용하여 패치의 연결성을 추정하고 개체생존이주율을 산출하여 대체서식지 위치선정의 평가 자료로 활용하였다. 그 결과, 붉은점모시나비는 패치간의 거리가 약 250m 이내의 범위에서 50% 이상의 연결성과 개체생존이주 가능성을 보였으며, 나비의 이동거리를 추정에서는 평균 300m로 나타났다. 그리고 나비의 분포특성에서는 인접한 여러 개의 서식지 패치를 개체들이 이주를 하면서 순환 발생하는 메타개체군을 이루고 있다. 대체서식지의 위치를 결정하기 위하여 연구 결과에 따른 지역, 해당 지역의 지방자치단체의 추천지역, 그리고 훼손지역의 가치를 상쇄할 수 있을 정도의 중요도가 있는 지역을 예비 선정하였다. 그리고 이 지역들을 나비의 생태, 생태기반환경, 관리방안, 위험요소, 시공요소를 평가를 한 결과, 의성군에서는 5 안(안사면사무소)이 관리방안에서 높은 점수를 얻어 선정되었다. 이번에 평가된 항목에서 나타난 바와 같이 대체서식지의 위치 선정에 있어서는 대체서식지 조성이 가능한 예산의 범위, 서식지 관리주체의 선정, 현지 주민과의 협의 등 여러 가지 문제를 복합적으로 고려하는 것이 높은 비중을 차지하였으며, 생물학, 생태학, 경관생태학, 생물지리학, 생태공학, 조경학, 인문학 등의 다양한 분야의 참여로 얻은 결과물을 융합하여 반영하는 것이 필요하다는 것을 제언하고자 한다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2010

The renewable energy source is considered as a good measure to cope with the global warming problem and the fossil energy exhaustion. The construction of electric power plant such as an offshore wind farm is rapidly increasing and this trend is expected to be continued during this century. The bulky and long distance power transmission media is essential to support and promote the sustainable expansion of renewable energy source. DC power cable is generally considered as the best solution and the demand for DC electric power has been rapidly increasing. Especially, the high temperature superconducting (HTS) DC cable system begins to make a mark because of its advantages of huge power transmission capacity, low transmission loss and other environmental friendly aspects. Technical contents of DC HTS cable system are very similar to those of AC HTS cable system. However the DC HTS cable can be operated near its critical current if the heat generation is insignificant, while the operating current of AC HTS cable is generally selected at about 50~70% of the critical current because of AC loss. We chose the specifications of the cable core of 'Tres Amigas' project as an example for our study and investigated the heat generation when the DC HTS cable operated near the critical current by some electric and thermal analyses. In this paper, we listed some technical issues on the design of the DC HTS cable core and described the process of the cable core design. And the results of examination on the current capacity, heat generation, harmonic loss and current distribution properties of the DC HTS cable are introduced.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.809-818
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• 2020

To conserve the population of a hesperiid butterfly, Leptalina unicolor, inhabiting the protected areas of Jaeyaksan, we provide ecological information on their behavior and propose habitat conservation measures, such as the creation of alternative habitats based on comprehensive information. The behavioral study used a method of re-capture after releasing the butterfly with enamel marks on the wings. Adult behaviors were shown in four patterns: flying, settling on a plant, nectar absorption, and water absorption. Both males and females had the highest proportion of flight movement overall; however, males had a slightly higher proportion of flight movement. As for duration, females spent more time settling on plants to select spawning sites, and males seemed to take a longer time for water absorption activities, to absorb minerals needed to form the spermatophore. The average travel distance of butterflies was 27.5 m for females and 46.7 m for males, with daily activity ranges from 11.2 m to 43.8 m, and 21.4 to 57.6 m, respectively. The most important condition to preserve the habitat of Leptalina unicolor is to maintain the community of Miscanthus sinensis, a food plant. Additionally, because this butterfly has a high rate of water absorption activities, wetlands should be maintained.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.75-92
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• 2005

Extensive previous studies on taxonomy, behavior/bionomics and control of Anopheles sinensis are reviewed and summarized. Recent molecular identification revealed that the population of An. sinensis complex includes An. sinensis, An. pullus, An. lesteri and at least two new species, and An. yatsushiroensis is synonmy of An. pullus. An. sinensis is the main vector specie of vivax malaria in Korea. Larvae of An. sinensis breed in wide range of habitats which are naturally-made clean water, stagnant or flowing; main habitats include rice fields, ditches, streams, irrigation cannals, marshes, ponds, ground pools, etc. Their host preferences are highly zoophilic. Human blood rate is very low ($0.7-1.7\%$); nevertheless An. sinensis readily feeds on man when domestic animals are not found near by. They feed on hosts throughout the night from dusk to dawn with a peak period of 02:00-04:00 hours; they are slightly more exophagic (biting outdoors); much larger numbers come into the room when light is on. Main resting places are outdoors such as grasses, vegetable fields and rice fields. A mark-release-recapture study resulted that $37.1\%$ was recaptured within 1 km, $29.4\%$ at 1-3 km, $21.1\%$ at 3-6 km, $10.3\%$ at 6-9 km and $2.1\%$ at 9-12 km distance. An. sinensis hibernate outdoors (mostly under part of dense grasses) during October-March. At the end of the hibernation period (March-April) they feed on cows at daytime. Until today any single measure to effectively control An. sinensis population has not been found. Indoor residual spray with a long-lasting insecticide can not reduce vector population densities, but shorten their life spans in some degree, so contributes to malaria control.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2010

최근 집중호우로 인한 절토사면의 붕괴사고가 매년 반복적으로 일어나고 있는 실정이다. 절토사면의 붕괴로 인하여 인명피해와 도로유실 등 많은 재해를 일으키고 있어 절토사면의 유지관리가 필요하다. 절토사면의 유지관리를 위한 현황조사 양식중에서 일반현황을 살펴보면 피해지역의 위치를 도로상의 거리표와 경위도로 나타내고 있기 때문에 피해지역의 위치와 사면의 형상파악이 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 피해지역의 정확한 위치와 사면의 형상을 표시하기 위해 NTRIP서비스를 이용한 해양 DGPS기준국에서 수신하는 GPS 보정신호를 통한 NDGPS방법과 VRS 서비스를 이용한 방법에 대해 분석하였다. 분석한 결과, 두 방법 모두 실제 절토사면과 비슷한 형상의 사면이 나타나 차후 다른 연구지역의 절토사면조사에도 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.291-303
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• 2020

The deformation of the rock surrounding a tunnel manifests due to the stress redistribution within the surrounding rock. By observing the deformation of the surrounding rock, we can not only determine the stability of the surrounding rock and supporting structure but also predict the future state of the surrounding rock. In this paper, we used grey system theory to analyse the factors that affect the deformation of the rock surrounding a tunnel. The results show that the 5 main influencing factors are longitudinal wave velocity, tunnel burial depth, groundwater development, surrounding rock support type and construction management level. Furthermore, we used seismic prospecting data, preliminary survey data and excavated section monitoring data to establish a neural network learning model to predict the total amount of deformation of the surrounding rock during tunnel collapse. Subsequently, the probability of a change in deformation in each predicted section was obtained by using a Bayesian method for detecting change points. Finally, through an analysis of the distribution of the change probability and a comparison with the actual situation, we deduced the survey mark at which collapse would most likely occur. Surface collapse suddenly occurred when the tunnel was excavated to this predicted distance. This work further proved that the Bayesian method can accurately detect change points for risk evaluation, enhancing the accuracy of tunnel collapse forecasting. This research provides a reference and a guide for future research on the probability analysis of tunnel collapse.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4903-4929
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• 2018

In this study, a fully automatic pose and expression invariant 3D face alignment algorithm is proposed to handle frontal and profile face images which is based on a two pass course to fine alignment strategy. The first pass of the algorithm coarsely aligns the face images to an intrinsic coordinate system (ICS) through a single 3D rotation and the second pass aligns them at fine level using a minimum nose tip-scanner distance (MNSD) approach. For facial recognition, multi-view faces are synthesized to exploit real 3D information and test the efficacy of the proposed system. Due to optimal separating hyper plane (OSH), Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed in multi-view face verification (FV) task. In addition, a multi stage unified classifier based face identification (FI) algorithm is employed which combines results from seven base classifiers, two parallel face recognition algorithms and an exponential rank combiner, all in a hierarchical manner. The performance figures of the proposed methodology are corroborated by extensive experiments performed on four benchmark datasets: GavabDB, Bosphorus, UMB-DB and FRGC v2.0. Results show mark improvement in alignment accuracy and recognition rates. Moreover, a computational complexity analysis has been carried out for the proposed algorithm which reveals its superiority in terms of computational efficiency as well.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1978

1974년 8월 포항시에서 표식-방사-재채집 방법에 의한 작은 빨간집 모기 (Culex tritaeniorhynchus)의 비상 분포 및 분포 조사를 실시한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 총 23,115개체의 Culex tritaneiorhynchus 암모기에 표식 방사하여 그중 120마리가 재채집되어 0.519%의 재채집율을 나타냈고 조사기간중 채집된 총 57,514마리의 암놈중 0.00208의 표식 모기 양성비를 나타냈다. 2. 방사지점으로 부터의 분산율은 0~2km에서 77.5%, 2~4km에서 11.7%, 4~6km에서 5% 그리고 6~8km에서 5.8%였다. 3. 1일간 최고 비상 거리는 7.5km였다. 1일 평균 분산거리는 1.55km였고, 방사후의 경과일수와 분산 거리와는 연관성은 보이지 않았다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1121-1121
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• 2001

A previous study (Berzaghi et al., 2001) evaluated the performance of 3 calibration methods, modified partial least squares (MPLS), local PLS (LOCAL) and artificial neural networks (ANN) on the prediction of the chemical composition of forages, using a large NIR database. The study used forage samples (n=25,977) from Australia, Europe (Belgium, Germany, Italy and Sweden) and North America (Canada and U.S.A) with reference values for moisture, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre content. The spectra of the samples were collected using 10 different Foss NIR Systems instruments, only some of which had been standardized to one master instrument. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the behaviour of these different calibration methods when predicting the same samples measured on different instruments. Twenty-two sealed samples of different kind of forages were measured in duplicate on seven instruments (one master and six slaves). Three sets of near infrared spectra (1100 to 2500nm) were created. The first set consisted of the spectra in their original form (unstandardized); the second set was created using a single sample standardization (Clone1); the third was created using a multiple sample procedure (Clone6). WinISI software (Infrasoft International Inc., Port Mathilda, PA, USA) was used to perform both types of standardization, Clone1 is just a photometric offset between a “master” instrument and the “slave” instrument. Clone6 modifies both the X-axis through a wavelength adjustment and the Y-axis through a simple regression wavelength by wavelength. The Clone1 procedure used one sample spectrally close to the centre of the population. The six samples used in Clone 6 were selected to cover the range of spectral variation in the sample set. The remaining fifteen samples were used to evaluate the performances of the different models. The predicted values for dry matter, protein and neutral detergent fibre from the master Instrument were considered as “reference Y values” when computing the statistics RMSEP, SEPC, R, Bias, Slope, mean GH (global Mahalanobis distance) and mean NH (neighbourhood Mahalanobis distance) for the 6 slave instruments. From the results we conclude that i) all the calibration techniques gave satisfactory results after standardization. Without standardization the predicted data from the slaves would have required slope and bias correction to produce acceptable statistics. ii) Standardization reduced the errors for all calibration methods and parameters tested, reducing not only systematic biases but also random errors. iii) Standardization removed slope effects that were significantly different from 1.0 in most of the cases. iv) Clone1 and Clone6 gave similar results except for NDF where Clone6 gave better RMSEP values than Clone1. v) GH and NH were reduced by half even with very large data sets including unstandardized spectra.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2012

톱다리개미허리노린재 (Riptortus pedestris) 상용 집합페로몬을 이용하여 포획할 때 유인되어지는 거리를 규명하고 이를 이용한 대량포획으로 콩 피해 경감 효과를 조사하였다. 집합페로몬 트랩의 재포획 비율은 최초 방사 지점에서 40 m 이내의 트랩에서는 전체 재포획 개체의 76.1%, 80 m 이내에서는 89.0%가 포획 되었으며, 트랩 설치 방위 간에 재포획 개체수는 큰 차이가 없었다. 대량 포획을 통한 피해 경감 효과를 알아보기 위해 집합페로몬 트랩을 농가 포장에 설치한 결과, 트랩수가 증가 할수록 톱다리개미허리노린재 총 포획수는 직선적으로 증가하였다. 페로몬 트랩 당 포획 할당 면적이 $770m^2$인 포장에서 10주당 수량이 261.8 g 으로 가장 높았으나, 트랩 당 할당 면적과 수량과의 관계에는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 트랩 당 포획 할당 면적에 따른 종자 형태 비율은 트랩 당 포획 할당 면적이 $385m^2$와 $770m^2$인 포장에서 건전한 A형 종자의 비율이 62% 근처로 높았고 약한 피해립인 B형 종자의 비율이 27% 근처로 가장 낮았다. 톱다리개미허리노린재 집합페로몬 트랩을 이용한 피해 경감 효과는 포장 면적 $385{\sim}770m^2$ 당 1개를 포장 주변에 적절히 설치 운용 한다면 건전립의 비율을 높이고 약한 피해립의 비율을 어느 정도 감소시킬 수 있는 수단으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.