• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.163-170
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• 2023

As the development of the 4th industrial revolution in the maritime industry has accelerated, the technical development and progress of maritime autonomous surface ship(MASS), and the development of international regulations have been accelerated. In particular, the IMO Maritime Safety Committee(MSC) has established a road-map for the development of the non-mandatory goal-based MASS instrument(MASS Code) and started developing a non-mandatory MASS Code at MSC 105th meeting. Many countries are actively participating in the Correspondence Group on the development of MASS Code, and the development of detailed requirements for MASS functions in the MASS Code is underway. Especially, the concept of "Mode of Operation" for MASS functions was mentioned in the Correspondence Group for the first time, and it is expected that discussions on these modes will be conducted from the IMO MASS JWG meeting to held in April 2023. The concept of "Mode of Operation" will be useful in explaining MASS and MASS functions and will be discussed continually for the development of MASS Code. This paper reviews the contents of the IMCA M 220 document, which provides guidelines on operating modes, to conduct research on the benchmark for setting the operating modes of MASS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.200-201
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• 2023

Digital twin technology is used in various fields as a method of creating a virtual world to minimize the cost of solving problems in the real world, and is also actively used in the maritime field, such as large-scale systems such as ships and offshore plants. In this paper, we tried to build a digital twin of coastal waters using a ship-handling simulator. The digital twin of the coastal waters developed in this way can be used to safely manage Korea's coastal waters, where maritime traffic is complicated, by providing a actual maritime traffic data. It can be usefully used to develop and advance technologies related to maritime autonomous surface ships and intelligent maritime traffic information services in coastal waters. In addition, it can be used as a 3D-based monitoring equipment for areas where physical monitoring is difficult but real-time maritime traffic monitoring is necessary, and can provide functions to safely manage maritime traffic situations such as aerial views of ports/control areas, bridge views/blind sector views of ships in operation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.112-113
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• 2021

선박을 주로 하는 자율 해상 모빌리티의 안전한 운항을 위해 필수적인 직접통신의 필요성에 대응하여 M-S2X 통신 개발 방안을 제시한다. M-S2X 통신을 선박중심 직접통신, SCDC(Ship Centric Direct Communication)으로 정의하며 선박과 선박 통신 중에서 선박과 선박 통신의 대용량 및 고속화가 필요한 점, 그리고 선박 운항 안전을 위한 통신 수요의 대부분이 선박을 중심으로 그 주변 객체와 상호 통신이 필요한 점을 고려한 것이다. 관련 연구에서 선박과 선박, 선박과 육상 간 통신 소요를 제시하였고 이를 통해 기존 AIS등의 레거시 해상통신만으로는 자율운항선박과 같은 해양 모빌리티의 자율성 확보에 어려움이 있음을 알 수 있다. 이에 따라 M-S2X 통신을 구현하는 기술로 VDE와 비면허대역과 같은 고대역의 통신기술을 활용하여 선박과 같은 해양 모빌리티가 주변의 객체(선박, 해양모빌리티, 인프라, 익수자 등)와 직접 통신할 수 있는 통신 인프라 환경을 제공한다면 향후 도래할 해양 모빌리티 환경의 기본 통신 기술로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.107-108
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• 2019

In the past, regional pilot service is provided by individual pilots directly on board each ship, but it will be difficult to provide this type of service in the near future when autonomous vessels are activated. This can be seen as the need for automation and intelligence of pilot service and provision of remote control system. In this paper, we propose a method, system, and service target that can carry out the electronic pilot service through the intelligence aids to navigation for smart port operation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.162-163
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• 2023

As the development of the 4^th industiral revolution in the maritime industry has progressed, the technical development of autonomous ships, and the development of international regulations have been accelerated. In particular, the IMO Maritime Safety Committee(MSC) has established a road-map for the development of the non-mandatory goal-based MASS instrument(MASS Code) and started developing a non-mandatory MASS Code at MSC 105^th meeting. Many countries are actively participating in the Correspondence Group on the development of MASS Code, and the development of detailed requirements for MASS functions in the MASS Code is underway. Especially, the concept of "Mode of Operation" for MASS functions was mentioned in the Correspondence Group for the first time, and it is expected that discussions on these modes will be conducted from the IMO MASS JWG meeting to held in April 2023. The concept of "Mode of Operation" will be useful in explaining MASS and MASS functions and will be discussed in the future for the development of MASS Code. This paper reviews the contents of the IMCA M 220 document, which provides guidelines on operating modes, to conduct research on the benchmark for setting the operating modes of MASS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.187-189
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• 2022

As the structure and operation method of MASS(Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship) are discussed accroding to the IMO degree, the interest and necessity for remote operators who manage and supervise the operation of MASS are increasing gradually. The form of MASS operation is clearly accompanied by various changes including new technologies and equipment in comparison with the current operation of ship. In IMO Degree 2 and 3, the capabilities that remote operators who will operate them must differ from those of existing seafarers(navigation officers, engineers and ratings). Regarding this remote operation, the NI(Nautical Institute) is the first in the world to present a syllabus and a curriculum of qualification for remote operator. Based on this, the paper introduces and compares the education model of MASS remote control operation and NI model, and further uses it as basic data for the creation of curriculum for future MASS remote operator.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.937-945
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• 2022

Maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) have a high degree of autonomy and operate autonomously along a planned route. However, when necessary, the shore remote control center(SRCC) can directly intervene in ship operations. In this paper, the operation concept of the simulator system, which can be used to educate and train shore remote control officers, responsible for monitoring the operation of autonomous ships on land and remotely controlling them in case of an emergency, is reviewed. The required functions of the simulator system that enables the operation concept are also reviewed. The major parts of the SRCC simulator system are the monitoring station and control station, which simulate the functions of monitoring the operation status of multiple MASS and the functions of the remote operation of MASS in the case of emergency, respectively. Various units to simulate the operation of MASS and traf ic ships and various objects around the MASS are included in the simulator system. The instructor operation station is the central part of the simulator system that integrates and controls the unit systems. Functionally, as conditions under which SRCC is allowed to remotely intervene in the operation of MASS, the emergency situation for remote control (ESRC) has been defined. Moreover, the required functions to cope with these ESRC conditions have been included in the simulator system requirements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.194-195
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• 2023

Recently, Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship(MASS) technology has attracted attention as a key technology for ship safety, efficiency, and economic feasibility in the marine field. Decision-making by the navigator's Situation Awareness (SA) for remote control on shore is expected to play an important role in ship collision avoidance. In this study, the navigator's decision-making time for the collision situation was measured.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.116-117
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• 2019

자율운항선박 (MASS [Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship]) 선박은 육상 관제 센터에서 선박 기자재를 상태를 실시간 모니터링하고, 컨트롤 할 수 있는 기능을 탑재하는 걱이 필수적이다. 해상과 육상을 연결하는 통신 기술 발달 뿐 아니라, 4차 산업혁명시대에 따라 빅데이터 처리 기술과 이런 빅데이터를 딥러닝 기법을 통해 분석/예측할 수 있는 기반이 마련되고 있다. 따라서 선박 기자재를 빅데이터 기반 딥러닝 등의 기법을 활용하여 원격 진단 및 유지보수 할 수 있는

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.166-167
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• 2022

자율운항선박의 개발 및 운용에 대한 논의가 최근 조선해운업계에서 활발하게 이루어 지구 있다. IMO 해사안전위원회 98차회의에서는 자율운항선박을 '다양한 자동화 수준에서 인간의 간섭 없이 독립적으로 운용될 수 있는 선박'으로 정의하였으며, 자율운항 규정 검토작업을 수행하기 위한 임시 정의에 덧붙여서 이러한 자율화등급을 4개로 구분하였다. 하지만 현재 자율화 등급과 관련하여 단순히 인적 요소의 유무로만 구분하기에는 범위가 너무 넓어 재정립이 필요하다는 요구가 있다. 자율운항선박에서의 자율화 등급은 선박의 설계, 구조, 운항등과 밀접하게 관련되는 매우 중요한 요소이기에 본 논문에서는 선박의 등급 화를 나누는 기준 중 동적위치제어시스템을 탑재한 선박들의 등급 기준을 검토하여, 인적 요소 외 다른 요소의 기준이 적용될 수 있는지의 여부에 대해 알아보고자 한다.