• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4566-4575
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• 2015

This study aimed to develop a model to explain the factors influencing father's parenting stress, and to verify the appropriateness of the model. The participants included 1609 fathers with a 5-year old. The study used 2012 Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC) by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education (KICCE), and analyzed with SPSS and AMOS programs. The analysis showed that first, father's income and parental efficacy were negatively related with parenting stress and father's depression and marital conflict were positively related with parenting stress. Second, father's parenting stress was directly and indirectly impacted by parental efficacy and their child's temperament. These results suggest that father education are needed for promoting positive paternal mental health and parental efficacy, to reduce parenting stress of fathers.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2002

The main objective of this study is to evaluate role-related job stressors of physical therapists and to examine the relationship between job stress and organizational effectiveness. A survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for the physical therapists working in Busan area, and data from 175 therapists were utilized in the final analysis. Survey items included general characteristics of the therapists(sex, age, education, marital status, religion, income, etc.), various kinds of job stressors(role conflict, role overload, role ambiguity, physical burden), and organizational effectiveness measured in terms of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Major results are as follows: 1) The level of physical therapists' job stress was found to be in average range, recording 2.65 on 4-point scale. 2) It appeared that main job stressors of physical therapists were role ambiguity and role overload, and this was more apparent in the case of younger, relatively less-educated, unmarried, and lower-grade employees. 3) On the other hand, in the case of relatively more-educated and higher-paid employees, role conflict was comparatively more important job stressor. 4) Regression analysis suggested that, as Job stress increased, job satisfaction and organizational commitment decreased; however, no significant relationship was found between job stress and organizational citizenship behavior. 5) These results imply that, in order to perform effective and efficient personnel administration of physical therapists, adequate job stress management would be very important task for the hospital managers.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.110-120
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine which factors affected the job stress of workers in the manufacturing industry. The subjects were 128 workers in automobile component manufacturing companies located in Kyonggi-do province. Data were collected through self-reporting technique for 8 days, October 24-31, 2000. The instrument to test the work related truss was NIOSH's Work-related Stress Inventory revised by Korea Occupational Safety and Health Association(KOSHA) in 1999. The collected data were analysed with SAS. and frequency, percentage, mean value, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA. Scheffe's post hoc test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficients. The major findings were as follows: 1. Mean job stress score for the job-related stress was $2.6{\pm}0.5$ on the basis of 5.0 points. Job stress was significantly different according to gender. The stress by role conflict showed higher score than the stress by role ambiguity. 2. Discretionary power(freedom to determine) of workers was scored $2.6{\pm}0.7$ on the basis of 5.0 points. And it was significantly different according to gender, duration of work and shift experience. 3. The work environment scored $2.2{\pm}0.3$ on the basis of 3.0 points and significant difference according to gender, age, marital status, type of employment, type of service, and shift work. 4. Role ambiguity showed significant negatively correlate with job control(r=-.32, P=.000) and decision making(r=-.31, P=.000). And decision making showed positively correlated with job control(r=.62, P=.000), and role conflict(r=.26, P=.003).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.171-186
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to analyze the desirable life emotion and life interchange between lod parents and married children. The focus was particulary laid on the investigation of the life emotion and life interchange between the aged living with their married sons and those living with their married daughters. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. More old parents live with their married sons than with their married daughters. Also was found that they live with their eldest married sons or daughters and that they keep a normal relation with their married sons, and an emotional relation with their married daughters. This shows that more old people will live with their married daughters than with their married sons in the future. 2. The facts which affect the realtion between old parents2 2and their marreid children are age, sex, religion, marital status, educational background, health condition. These facts prove that they may improve the life interchange with their married children through such deliberate effects as the life-long marriage life with their spouse, the maintenance of health, and the religious life. 3. The affection relation between old parents and the married children was found to be high and the conflict between them was found to be low. Those who live with their married daughters especially showed a higher rate of love relation, and a lower rate of conflict than those who live with their married sons. The former were of more service interchange to their married children than the latter. Furthermore, the aged people were more satisfied with emotional and kindly daughters than with normal sons. 4. Affection was found to be the most importnat variable in promoting the emotional life interchange, and dependency was found to be a negative variable. Therefore, both the aged and the marreid children should try to show high affection to each other and try not to impose and dependency on the other.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.183-196
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• 2003

Purpose: This study sought to identify factors associated with dental hygienists' decisions to leave one dental office and commence practice in another. In addition to, the reasons dental hygienists stay in the profession were investigated. Demographic descriptors, including education level, marital status and age, and employment setting were also examined. Methods: Currently practicing dental hygienists in Korea were surveyed from March to May 2003. Data were collected through a questionnaire. The survey collected information concerning the 461 respondents' personal characteristics and reasons associated with changing positions and staying. Data were analyzed using frequency distributions, independent t-tests and chi-square analyses. All statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists(SPSS v.10, Chicago, Illinois). Results: The primary reasons for taking up another employment were found to be better offer, inadequate salary and personal conflict with dentist. Secondary reasons stated for changing their job revealed additional factors including inadequate salary, better offer, and lack of benefits. The primary influence in deciding to remaining in the practice of dental hygiene was self-development. Family responsibility, safe environment and professional collaboration were also important factors in deciding to remain in workforce. Conclusion: The position changes of dental hygienists are primarily influenced by better offer. Inadequate salary and conflict with dentist were also important factors in deciding to change employment positions. The findings suggest that dental hygienists who remain in the workforce are positively influenced mainly by self-development. Employers of dental hygienists should be aware of these factors in employing process. If more hygienists could remain longer in their positions, the manpower situation would be affected positively.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.46.1-46.12
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• 2023

Background: As unpredictable work schedule (UWS) has increased worldwide, various studies have been conducted on the resulting health effects on workers. However, research on the effect of UWS on workers' well-being in Korea is still insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between UWS and work-family conflict (WFC) using 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). Methods: Both UWS and WFC were measured using self-reported questionnaires, using data from the 6th KWCS conducted between 2020 and 2021, including 31,859 participants. UWS was measured by questions regarding the frequency of changes in work schedules and limited advanced notice. WFC was measured by questions regarding work to family and family to work conflicts. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between UWS and WFC. Results: The prevalence of UWS was higher among men, those under 40 years old, service and sales workers and blue-collar workers, and those with higher salaries. Workplace size also influenced UWS prevalence, with smaller workplaces (less than 50 employees) showing a higher prevalence. The odds ratio (OR) for WFC was significantly higher in workers with UWS compared to workers without UWS after adjusting for gender, age, marital status, occupation, salary, education, weekly working hours, shift work, company size, and having a child under the age of 18 years, employment status (OR: 3.71; 95% confidence interval: 3.23-4.25). Conclusions: The analysis of nationwide data revealed that UWS interferes with workers' performance of family roles, which can lead to WFC. Our findings suggest that it is crucial to implement policies to address unfair work schedule management, promoting a healthier work-life balance and fostering a conducive environment for family responsibilities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.468-476
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• 2020

This study investigated how latent groups depend on the longitudinal trajectories observed in fathers' involvement in parenting over a five year period, and the study also determined differences in children's behavioral problems and mother's parenting stress, marital satisfaction, and depression among these groups. By utilizing 1,316 sets of data from 1st to 5th Panel Survey of PSKC beginning in 2008, we examined the patterns of the latent groups and the differences among them. The results showed that, first, a changing pattern of fathers' involvement in parenting is classified into four groups: a low-stable group, a decreasing group. a middle-high changeable group, and a highest changeable group. According to the results of the latent groups, the fathers' involvement in parenting commonly started to decrease at the children's age of 4 years old. Second, problematic behaviors of children appeared more from the fathers in the decreasing group. Third, parenting stress, marital conflict, and depression were more often found in the low-stable group that in the decreasing group. the middle-high changeable group and the highest changeable group (in that order), while marital satisfaction showed a completely opposite pattern. Based on these results, political intervention and the future direction of research for fathers' involvement in parenting are needed in order to increase better behaviors of their children as well as the psychological well-being of their mothers.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.37
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• pp.185-215
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• 2018

This paper tried to interpret new phenomenon in the narrative focusing on the tale. People telling about this story understood it in the way of recognizing and resigning the power of powerful destiny. This article poses a problem to that point. The male character begins the question "why?" And experiences a process of thoughtful thought. And he finds out his past life and pioneers his destiny. The find past life in this tale, it means 'an opportunity to choose oneself and life for themselves'. This can be interpreted as Samsara of Buddhism that does not insist on a fixed self. Experience of this process of reasoning according to narrative context of folktale will become literary therapy activity confirming the effectiveness of marital conflict narrative including the former motifs.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.288-301
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify association between maternal depression and multiple contextual factors in 1,519 mothers in Korea who participated in the 2009 Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC). Methods: The second wave data which was a comprehensive longitudinal data set with a nationally representative birth cohort was analyzed using SAS 9.3 software. Kessler depression scale was used for this study. Results: Of the mothers, 23.0% reported being mild to moderate depression and 4.5% of the mothers reported severe depression. The factors influencing maternal depression include; mother's self-efficacy, mother's marital conflict, mother's social support, infant's and toddler's emotionality, mother's smoking and infant's feeding & eating of daily routine. These variables explained 39.5% of maternal depression. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the identified factors for maternal depression should be included in an intervention program to reduce the risk of depression.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.259-272
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• 1989

This study was designed to measure the degree of work stress perceived by clinical nurses working in psyciatric ward, and to identify the factors influencing the difference of work stress. The survey method was used and the subjects of this study consisted of 135 psyciatric nurses from 7 university hospitals and 4 provincial general hospitals. The data were collected from August 1 to 20, 1988. The instrument used for this study was PNOSS(Psychiatric Nurse Occupational Stress Scale) which was developed by Bai(1989). The confidence verification of this instrument was computed and the Cronbach $\alpha$ was 0.94050. Data were analysed by t-test and ANOVA on 5% significant level with SPSS program. The results of study were summerized as follow : 1) The degree of perceived stress among psychiatric nurses was considerably high(4.32 out of 6.00). 2) Among the stressors, inadequate staffing(5.04), hospital administrational problems (4.7) and the conflict of nurse-patient relationship were identified as the stress factors with high rank of degree of stress. 3) There was significant relationship between the degree of stress and the demographic variables of nurses such as the marital status, educational level, and the motivation of working in psychiatric ward. 4) There was significant relationship between the job-related variables such as the working duration, the motivation of working and nurse's attitude toward the psychiatric patients. 5) The relationship between several stress factors and some of the demographic and the job-related variables were significantly identified.